SRAC Journal Volume9Issue1

8/10/2019 SRAC Journal Volume9Issue1

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The Susquehanna River Archaeological Center of Native Indian Studies ~ www.SRACenter.org ~ email [email protected]

Page 1 THESRAC JOURNAL Volume 9, Issue 1

I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E :

Faces from Our Past 1

Loyalist Plantations on the Susquehan- 1

SRAC to hold Fundraising Auction 7

Waverly 4th rade Field !ri" to SRAC 13

Waterman #ald$in 14

%rum&eats '()' a *+, Success 15

e$ #irch #ar. Canoe %is"lay 15

Coming ,vents 16

/useum of the ,arth /ai0e ,1hi&it 19

2S /useum and SRAC !eam +" 19

L O Y A L I S T P L A N T A T I O N S O N T H E S U S Q U E H A N N A B Y J . KE L S E Y J O N E S , S C H U Y L E R C O U N T Y H I S T O R I A N

Volume 9, Issue 1 February 2013

THE REGIONS ARCHAEOLOGICAL , CULTURAL, AND H ISTORICALRESOURCE

TTTT H EH EH EH E S R A C JS R A C JS R A C JS R A C J O U R N A LO U R N A LO U R N A LO U R N A L

The struggle for independence in the thirteen colonies from Great Britain during the perioof the American Revolution ere difficult times! The outcome as a ar that often not onlinvolved neigh#or against neigh#or$ #ut dre into conflict the %ative Americans$ and displaced thousands of people from their homeland and ultimatel" created to nations! Thinha#itants of the thirteen colonies ho did not oppose Great Britain ere 'non as (o"aists! )ver 19$*** (o"alists$ mostl" men$ served Great Britain in a militar" capacit" accompanied #" several thousand +ndians!

This article ill endeavor to give some insight into the (o"alist families ho resided on th

,us-uehanna during the American Revolution! ,ettlement had #egun on the upper ,us-uehanna River in .enns"lvania prior to the American Revolution! The histories relate thato families of Germans$ also 'non as .alatines$ from the ,choharie /alle" in %e 0or'ere settlers in a" 177*$ leaving their homes in %e 0or' and removing don the ,us-uehanna River into .enns"lvania! Rudolph 2o and his ife atharine lisa#etha illesettled at Toanda and the ,hoefelt famil" further south on the river$ the latter famil" removing to the est Branch of the ,us-uehanna! ,everal more German families from thoha'$ ,choharie$ and other German settlements in %e 0or' soon folloed! Thougthis as considered the interior of civiliation$ German settlers had removed from ,choharie ree'$ crossed the mountains and traveled don the ,us-uehanna for Tulpehoc'e

(Continued on page

Our Vision

The Susquehanna River

Archaeological Center of Na-tive Indian Studies (S.R.A.C.) isdedicated to education, re-search and preservation of theNative Aerican archaeologi-cal, cultural and historical assetsof the T!in Tier Region ofNortheastern "A and SouthernN#.

Become a member of SRAC today! See back page for more iformatioBecome a member of SRAC today! See back page for more iformatioBecome a member of SRAC today! See back page for more iformatioBecome a member of SRAC today! See back page for more iformatio

FA C E S F R O M O U R PA S T B Y D E B T I ! ! ,E " E C U T I V E D I R E C T O R # C O F O U N D E R , S R A C

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Background - The people ho ruled the region on and around the ,us-uehanna Rive#" fending off the poerful +ro-uois %atioduring most of the 16th and 17th centurieere named 8,us-uehannoc's8 #" nglishman aptain ohn ,mith in 16*:! The ,us-uehannoc's ere said to have had at leasfive tri#al nations located along the ,us-uehanna River s"stem ith several villages penation! Because these people ere at theheight of poer #efore the uropean contacand ritten records$ and the last ,us-uehannoc' tri#e as annihilated in the late 1:t

centur"$ much of the prehistoric information a#out these people is a m"ster" to us toda"!

;uestions surrounding hat the originating cultures ere that formed the ,us-uehannoc'have long #een under de#ate! ;uestions li'e< as it a clan #ro'en off from one of the +ro-uoian nations= ere the" someho +ro-uois and Algon-uin united together to form ne culture= >id the" evolve from prior cultures in our region= )r ere the" a separatculture from another region that moved here= These -uestions continue to ma'e this cu

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Page " THESRAC JOURNAL Volume 9, Issue 1

FA C E S F R O M O U R PA S T C O N T .

ture ver" interesting to re&search!

>eemed #" professionalsas .roto&,us-uehannoc'$archaeologicall" spea'ing$there is no other site that isa #etter candidate to #ecalled the starting point forunderstanding the origin ofthe ,us-uehannoc' peoplethan the urra" Garden$ inAthens$ .A!

+n 1::?$ (ouise and illardurra"@s home as locatedon ain ,treet in Athens$.A and the" decided tohave a drainage ditch runfrom their house$ through

their garden and then directl" to the river! This seemingl"mundane home improvement actuall" turned out to #e aturning point for (ouise one that ould change her life forev&er! +t #egan hile or'men ere digging the trench throughthe urra"@s garden and uncovered a ver" strange ancient#urial ground! The .a Bulletin ould later report$ The dis&cover" of an +ndian #urial ground in the garden of their nehome in 1::? at once interested #oth her and her hus#and$and the" determined literall" to leave no stone unturned untilthe" learned the origin of those a#original remains ! ! !C

Archaeolog" as a science did not eist "et in 1::?! Anti&-uarianism as undera"$ #ut as more of a ee'end pot&hunting effort than an" real scientific stud"! As a result$ il&

lard urra" and other anti-uarians of the region read thelatest #oo's and theories of the time Dman" times #ased onm"tholog" and legendsE to tr" to understand man" of thelocal artifacts the" pic'ed up! ,adl"$ in those da"s$ anti-uar&ianism as the most scholarl" approach to understandingthe artifacts of past cultures! (ouise ould later remar' thatthere ere to nota#le t"pes of anti-uarians that eisted inher opinion< those that loo'ed for artifacts as evidenceC to

preserve the past and those thatloo'ed for artifacts for their onpersonal gain!C hile most ouldcontinue to #e categoried as thelatter #" man" professionals$ (ouiseelles urra" as one of the fe toma'e the transition from anti-uarianto scientist!

hen the +ndian #urial ground asuncovered hile digging the trenchin 1::? the urra"@s response asto ta'e the artifacts to the nearestmuseum$ hich as the "oming/alle" Fistorical ,ociet" in il'esBarre$ .A! As a result$ the ,ociet"@sFarrison right and ,! 2! adhams

came in April$ 1::3$ measured off a plot in telve&foot intervals from the original grave$ and #egan ecavations!

The Excaa!"on - >efined .lot< A#out :* feet long ana#out ?* 3* feet ide! +n the corner$ tent" feet from thenorth line as found$ underground$ a pillar of eight large drifstones$ and ith them a flat stone on hich is roughl" cut theact proportion of the plot!

+n the first grave as a s'eleton a#ove the average heigh#uried in a sitting posture$ ith turtle&shell rattles in goocondition and four small pe##les in each$ close to each temple! This grave "ielded also a discoidal stone$ a -uantit" o#urnt ochre$ a #ro'en antler com#$ part of a shell gorget$ andsome small shell #eads that disintegrated on eposure to th

air! right added in his report thathese o#Hects might ell have #elongeto a s-ua$ #ut no s'eleton as founhere ecept of the 8medicine man$8 o8Turtle chief!8

Grave I? contained a #ar' coveregrave Dhemloc'=E$ 4 J inch pot ith faces$ the pot contained food D=E$ Dcla" o

I Cabor#$elbor burials ad i t%e &urray 'arde burials,

()%ole ceramic *essels )ere ofte placed )it% t%e dead +t%er

types of gra*e goods icluded copper or brass beads, tubes, or

bracelets- .Pollack/ "002P%oto courtesy of t%e $yomig Valley 3istorical Society

Pictures ad p%oto of - pot from gra*e ",

courtesy of t%e $yomig 3istorical Society

P%oto of origial &urray

pot courtesy of $yomig

3istorical Society


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this pot as #urnt #lac'$E a lapstone$ and a common chertCarro point!

Grave I3 contained a s'eleton that as noted to #e of aver&age height and ith no grave goods$ and grave I4 con&tained a dou#le grave ith 1 pot un&

decorated$ 1 large pot #eteen them$and 1 pot ith red ochre!

Grave I5 contained a s'eletonrapped in #ar' ith an AndasteChigh&collared pot ith cla" that as#urnt #lac'!

Grave I6 contained another dou#le

grave$ ith one #uried much later ontop of the other! Grave items included one shell$ and theearlier grave revealed spiral Heelr" & #racelet DcopperK#roneE!

Grave I7 contained the onl" s'eleton #uried l"ing flat DfulllengthE hich had a pillo of tigs and as accompanied #"1 pot! +t as noted that there as a deep cut in the craniumevidentl" #" a celt!C

%)T< The upper part of each of the graves e met ith aconsidera#le amount of charcoal! +t loo'ed as though su#&se-uent to #urial #ut #efore the grave as entirel" filled inand slol" smothered out! hether it as part of the cere&

mon" or as charcoal thron in is not understood!C & Farri&son right$ "oming /alle" Fistorical ,ociet"

Although the 1::3 report #" right seemed -uite thorough$the digging in the urra" Garden as far from over as itas -uic'l" realied that his test pits at intervals of telvefeet left a lot overloo'ed!

+n fact$ in hat as to #e understood later as the center ofthe #urial site$ as hat as descri#ed later as a chiefC in astone tom# that as actuall" unearthed as part of the Tioga.oint useum opening ceremonies in 1:95! (ouise elles

urra" reported$ The graves ere grouped somehat regularl" around the one in the center hich as mar'ed itsuch care that it as #elieved to #e that of a chief surrounded #" mem#ers of his clan! This #urial site accidentall" discovered as on a previousl" unoccupied village lot! Thor'men unearthed three s'eletons #uried so close togeth

er as to indicate one grave!arren L! oorehead$ in his 1916 Susquehanna River Expedition, descri#es the unearthing of hat he deemed ,us-uehannoc' chief as follos< 8The oner li'e his fore#ears$ long refused to eamine the grave at the center othe plot #ut at last had consented to cele#rate the formaopening of the Fistorical useum$ and une ?7th$ 1:95$ thor' as #egun! The circle of stones proved to #e over sepulchre a#out 3 to 5 feet$ ith an upright stone at eaccorner$ apparentl" as a mar'er$ for$ of course this oulhave #een ell a#ove the surface originall"!!!

The riter$ hoping to save the potter"$ assisted essrs

urra" and rcan#rac' in the ecavation! 2inall"$ to largflat stones$ full of devonian fossils$ proved to #e the coveing to a s'eleton of si feet or more in height! hile la"inon #ac' ith head to the southeast$ ith hands crossed o#reast$ the crushed front of the s'ull and the unusual postion of legs$ right foot under thigh$ left leg fallen across righseemed to indicate that he might have #een #uried in a sitting posture$ and overturned #" settling of stones of the sepulchre$ hich had evidentl" crushed the large pot$ fulleighteen inches in diameter$ at the left side of the head!8

The sepulcher descri#ed a#ove as a ver" strange find fothe cre in 1:95$ and still is toda"$ #ecause these stone #ost"led graves are not commonl" found in our region$ and a

e are a#out to see$ this is Hust one of the things that ma'ethe urra" Garden site an important archaeological sittoda"! +n the end$ for over a decade$ the garden continueto reveal more and more uni-ue artifacts that to date are stithout comparison an"here else in our region!

(ouise elles urra" eplained$ +t "ielded s'eletal remainof tent"&five males$ one child$ and three females$ each othe latter #uried shoulder to shoulder ith a male! ,everas'eletons eamined #" students indicated a height of a#ovsi and a half feetMAfter r! rightNs investigations$ tesholes having #een made all over the one hundred foot lot asaid stated intervals$ it as soon discovered that there erman" more graves and much more potter"!

2or long "ears this had #een an apple orchard and undeseveral of the old stumps$ supposed to #e from trees of +ndan planting$ ere +ndian graves MAround each of to sucstumps ere seven graves in a circle$ and directl" undeone stump in the center of a circle of graves$ a#out threfeet underground on a la"er of cla"$ ere eight pots careful" em#edded in sand! ver"one had #een perforated #thread&li'e apple roots$ and all ere #ro'en #" a carelesor'man ho as removing the stump Hust after a da"N

(Continued from page 2)

(Continued on page

Pictures ad p%oto of %ig% collared pot from

gra*e 5, courtesy of t%e $yomig Valley

3istorical Society


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Page THESRAC JOURNAL Volume 9, Issue 1


futile ecavation #" a second part" from il'es&Barre!Throughout this plot ith one eception the s'eletons erefleed #ut #uried in a sitting posture$ often ith the righthand upraised and #earing a pot containing food$ arropoints$ or seeds$ the latter leading to the conHecture that theold apple trees ma" have gron from these ver" seedsMBut

it as the potter" that attracted most attention and in all themuseums e have visited e have "et to find faces moreartisticall" eecuted than those on one of the five pots$ all ofhich ere #ro'en in removal!C

#bou! !he $o!!ery - The potter" in fact as the most im&pressive of all the artifacts from the site$ even toda" thereare no other potter" specimens ever found to have the hu&man faces that ere found there! The faces shon in dif&ferent vies in this plate are the ver" finest eamples of +ndi&

an modeling of the human face$ made #" eastern +ndianshich the riter has seen! The" are in high relief and #ringout the forehead$ e"e#ros$ the e"elids$ the high chee'#ones$ the a-uiline nose$ the mouth$ and the chin in a -uiterealistic manner!C hristopher ren$ North AppalachianIndian Pottery 1914

ven .enns"lvania@s leading archaeologist$ >r! Barr" Lent inhis ,us-uehanna@s +ndiansC D19:4E rote$ 8an" facets odeveloping ,us-uehannoc' culture histor" in the uppereaches of the ,us-uehanna River valle" still need to #eor'ed out! The need for more archeolog" here ma" #etainting our understanding of settlement patterns$ trade goodassociations$ and the evolution of ,hult +ncised from .roto,us-uehannoc'! ven more mundane -uestions$ such asthe relationships of the strange vessels ith faces and rimand #od" decorations from the Athens area of Bradfordount" Dsee itthoft 1959 4: and illustrations in ren1914 .late 6$ figures 1&: .late :$ 2igures 1&4E can perhaps#e ansered through more intensive archeolog"!8 DLent

19:4E

Thro%"ng a &"der 'e!& The opportunit" to share researchand learn from others more freel" is availa#le no more thanan" time in histor" than's to the internet! +n m" research othe urra" site and its archaeolog"$ + have #een a#le toemail ith specialists from all over the countr"$ and loo' uphard to get pu#lications either through amaon!com osometimes finding the full articles availa#le online! The folloing are some ne insights to the urra" site that + have#een a#le to uncover ith this help!

2irst$ sculpted and highl" defined human faces on earl" pot&ter" hile not a common practice in +ro-uoian terms$ as a

common practice for other cultures! )ne categor" of thesecultures that as of particular interest to me in the #eginningof this research as the ississippians!

The ississippians ere the most recent of the mound #uilding cultures$ ho are 'non for their huge chiefdom structured mound complees surrounded #" etensive plaasDaho'ia #eing the largest populated #" 1*$*** people omore!E The leaders of these complees ere usuall" considered god&li'e to their people$ and lived atop the highesmound loo'ing over his su#Hects$ overseeing all of the com&merce$ religious practices$ and diplomac" andKor conflictsith other chiefdoms and outsiders in the region! ore importantl"$ these cultures ere advanced in the arts and thei

archaeolog" seems to illustrate the pea' of the ancient potter" ma'ing! +n fact$ defined human effig" faces on the pot&ter" from this culture are not onl" common$ #ut epected! B"around 14**B$ #ecause of man" internal and eternal factors man" of these chiefdoms #egan to collapse$ and thepeople #egan to disperse from the huge complees! )ne othe great -uestions toda" is here did the people from thesehuge complees go=

)ne ell researched eample of a collapse and aftermath oa 'non ississippian mound societ" is that of the Ange


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ound comple in +ndiana hich as located along the con&fluence of the )hio and a#ash rivers! e 'no that theAngel ound comple collapsed around 14**A> and sever&al resulting villages appeared across the region due to thedisplacement of that population Dthought to #e around 1$***

people!E These resulting sites and their inha#itants are re&ferred to as the a#orn&el#orn culture!C This culture devel&oped at the demise of the Angel ound societ" in14** A>and disappears from the archaeological record #" 17**A>and it remains unclear if an" historic era cultures ere theirdescendants!

The earliest of the a#orn&el#orn sites$ dated approi&matel" at the ver" time of the Angel ound collapse at

14**A>$ is called the Bone Ban' site$ situated along the aash River east of the Angel ound comple area! +t asnamed the Bone Ban' #ecause of a large ash out of hu&

man remains in that location in the 19th centur"! This sitshos evidence of the Angel .hase ceramics hich literalma" have #een ta'en directl" from the Angel ound comple as ell as distinct post&Angel phase ceramics and eve#egins to sho the intermiing ith (ate oodland motifs!

fact$ the incised line filled triangles and descendin

chevrons commonl" found on a#orn&el#orn poter" D.ollac'< ?**4E ma" someda" #e found to have direct correlation ith the same incised designs opots found in the urra" Garden!

,adl"$ most of the site has #een ashed aa" #" thchanging direction and constant erosion of the riveand most of hat e had until recentl" from this specific site as either not thoroughl" studied #" profesionals or as lost during anti-uarianKpot&huntetimes! But in 199*$ +ndiana Oniversit"@s her"l unson #egan a ne phase of ecavations ith the hopto salvage hat as left from #eing erased #" erosion! ,adl"$ unson reported later that th

ississippian cemeteries and the residential area othe highest ground had #een destro"ed long ago!C

+t as onl" #" delving deeper into the informatioavaila#le on the Bone Ban'@s earliest ecavation #

naturalist$ harles Aleandre (esueur that + found that hrecorded in ver" detailed s'etches the archaeolog" that hsa during his or' at the Bone Ban' site in 1:73! Osinthese s'etches allos us to see through this man@s e"es inhat the site loo'ed li'e and more importantl"$ hat the achaeological evidence loo'ed li'e!

Face !o Face %"!h !he $as! - )ne of the most intriguing images of artifacts dran #" (esueur from the Bone Ban' sit

is a human effig" face that pro#a#l" as once on the rim of pot and has #een considered a great eample of commodecoration for (ate ississippian potter" Dshon here on th

leftE! +t in itself is a great piece and if + had no#een researching the potter" at the urra" Gaden$ + ould have considered it in the same a#ut the epression of this face automaticall" dreme right #ac' to another ceramic face that + 'no-uite ell! )n one of the pots in the urra" gaden there is also an effig" face Dshon here on thrightE that as on a pot rim$ and this one automatcall" seemed to possi#l" match the one found the Bone Ban' site!

+f "ou loo' at these faces again & "ou ill see somidentical features! 1!E The nose has a #ar or 8plug8 shoved upards causing the nose and facto loo' s'eed! ?!E The right e"e is 8in'ingshoing discomfort and rin'le lines! 3!E Thmouth is shoved to one side in effect accentuatinthe loo' of discomfort! %o these are m" term#ut + feel sure that "ou can see each of these areas on the one face that matches ith the othehat doesnNt match is the t"pe of potter" or thcultural affiliation #eteen the to! +t also seem


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that this specific renchedC face is not a common motif inour region! As + spent a da" going through the %0, use&um collections in Al#an"$ there are no matches to #e found!+ also sent the images to and spo'e ith people from theRochester useum ho also state that this is not found intheir collections either! +n addition$ + sent the images to theRochester museum@s artha ,empos'i$ .h> and shehas never seen a face effig" ith the same epression ei&ther!

Another important point to ma'e is that the ississippianface from the Bone Ban' on the right is a human faceCith ver" human features$ and created eactl" the a" is&sissippian potter" effigies resem#le human features! Fo&ever the one from the urra" Garden is integrated into an+ro-uoian pot rim design and might ver" ell #e descri#edas a mas'C ith slits for e"es to loo' through! +n fact$hristopher ren in 1914 in his ,tud" of %orth Appalachi&an .otter"C #elieved that the urra" Garden face repre&

sented a maneing$C a character from a ell&'non +ro&-uois legend!

,tudents of the +ro-uois cultures P #elief s"stem ma" im&mediatel" realie that ren as relating the legend of the2alse 2aceC mas's$ hich has man" variations of the e&act tet! Generall" spea'ing$ the legend relates the stor"of a human #eing that #elieves he is a god and that he cre&ated the mountains and the earth! Fe is met #" a #enevo&lent spirit hich is descri#ed ith man" names$ and for thepurposes of this paper + ill refer to as the ,pirit edicineBeing ho teaches the human that he is not god li'eC #"as'ing him to move the mountain that he claims to havecommanded #efore them and hen he cannot$ the ,pirit

edicine Being does move the mountain so fast that itstri'es the human in the face$ #rea'ing his nose and leav&ing him disfigured forever! The stor" continues that thehuman #ecomes a ver" famous healer 'nos as 8)ld Bro&'en %ose!8 +ro-uoian 2alse 2ace healing ceremonies aresaid to honor )ld Bro'en %ose and the +ro-uois 2alse2ace mas's are created to #e ver" deformed faces to rep&resent his smashed face!

ore importantl"$ the stor" of )ld Bro'en %oseC and thefalse face mas's is one of the oldest and ma" #e as old asthe creation stor"$C Dper personal conversation ith a ,ene&ca historian!E Additionall"$ false face mas' ceremonies in&clude the use of a turtle rattle to drive aa" sic'ness$ dis&

ease$ and evil spirits! This again has an interesting relation&ship to the urra" Garden site as e have alread" dis&cussed one #urial found there as later deemed #" theecavators to #e the #urial of a Cturtle chiefC complete ithturtle adornments and rattle!

hether the 2alse 2ace legend and ceremon" still heldtoda" actuall" is a remnant stor" passed don through thegenerations$ originating from the collapse of a chiefdomhere man&made mountains DmoundsE ere overseen #"leaders ho ere held in the same regard as the Great

,pirits is an interesting theor" to consider! Add the factthat this 2alse 2ace legend is used as a healing stor"here turtle rattles are used to heal those ho are sic' orfacing a great turmoil not unli'e the challenges the a#orn&el#orn culture must have faced folloing the collapse oftheir hole societ" ma'es it a great candidate for a future

thesis paper!)ther clearl" ississippian artifacts found at the urra"Garden site also ma" #e of some assistance to a research&er illing to delve deeper$ to include an ol effig" pendantDhich is also a common motif in the Angel .hase archaeo&logical recordE$ a ceramic sun effig"$ a dog effig"$ and an&other effig" that has "et to #e understood!

Is !he (urray )arden $ro!o-*us+uehannock or a!e

("ss"ss""an ./ B.T

The urra" Garden site D145* 15?5 A>E and the Athensarea are deemed .roto&,us-uehannoc'C #" professionalsand as such$ is considered to #e the melting pot here the

,us-uehannoc' culture supposedl" formed!

+ndiana@s Bone Ban' site D14** A>E and effig" face is rep&resentative of a (ate ississippian people hom e al&read" understand had Hust dispersed from a collapsed soci&et"Kcommunit" and travelled aa" from it to #egin a nea" of life$ hich archaeologicall" resulted in the manifes&tation of a ne and distinct culture that e no calla#orn&el#orn!C

+n order to understand the relationship of these to facesthat originated so far apart from one another$ + thin' it is


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important to #egin to as' the folloing -uestionso these faces represent )ld Bro'en %ose=C

?E >oes the )ld Bro'en %oseK2alse 2ace legend actuall" originatefrom the collapse of ississippian chieftains li'e the Angelound omple$ hose leaders #elieved themselves to #e

gods$ and #uilt man&made mountains DmoundsE=

3E ere the people #uried in the urra" Garden a former chiefand his folloers that had left the Angel ound$ or a similarcollapsed ississippian mound societ"=

4E ,ince the urra" Garden is alread" deemed .roto&,us-uehannoc' #" professionals$ does the evidence foundthere prove there as melding of an intrusive ississippian cul&ture ith the local prehistoric people and as the result the#irth of the ,us-uehannoc' people=

+ #elieve that this research at least shos that the possi#ilit" eistsand it is m" hope that this paper has provo'ed thought and interestto further research dedicated to finding the ansers!

S R A C T O H O S T F U N D R A I S I N ! AU C T I O N

e@ve all got things that are ta'ing up space around the house oroffice! The"@re too good to thro aa"$ and "ou@d li'e to find someuse for them! ,RA ill #e hosting in an outdoor fundraising auc&tion! .lease consider donating "our items$ or'ing and clean condi&tion$ for auctionQ )nce the sale is completed! "ou ill receive a letterindicating the value of "our donation for ta deduction purposes !

e ill #egin accepting donations immediatel"$ and continue to ac&cept "our items up to the auction date in the spring! all ,RA at

6*7&565&796* to ma'e arrangements! atch for further details!

>e# Tigg

>ic' oles

Ted Leir

,usan 2ogel

Tom /allilee

anet Andrus

ar" Ann Ta"lor

ar' adill

>on Funt

ar" Leene

ichael ,isto

%atasha

ascheen

aril"n e#er

Bar# Richards

,ig il'inson

%icole Rogers

ohn and >eeargetans'i

SRAC Bo$r% o& Dir'()ors SRAC Vo*un)''rs

So let SRAC find a new home for

your too good to throw away

stuff!


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and ,artara in .enns"lvania at much earlier dates$ thefirst in 17??$ fift" or more families in 17?5$ and again in17?9!

.rior to$ during$ and after the American Revolution$ the

,tate of onnecticut claimed a large portion of .enns"lva&nia$ including that portion that is no Bradford and "o&ming ounties through hich the ,us-uehanna Riverflos! Those settlers ho attempted to o#tain land titleseither secured title under the ,us-uehanna ompan"$hich had #een formed in onnecticut for the purpose ofsettlement in the "oming /alle" and near#" lands or un&der .enns"lvania title! )thers had leasehold interests$some of hich appeared to #e ten&"ear contracts ith thelandholder! an" others simpl" settled ithout title$ hopingfor o#tainment #" possession or to secure title after settle&ment! .enns"lvania had issued arrants for land interests#efore the settlement #" the 2o and ,hoefelt families$ as

evidenced #" the arrant for .eter Funt dated 3 April 1769for 3** acres on the ,us-uehanna River adHoining Adolphallrad on this side of ialoosingC D"alusingE!

ost of the settlers along the ,us-uehanna ere farmersand #uilt homes along the river here the" planted crops$often in alread" cleared fields the" found hen arriving$that had #een previousl" cultivated #" the +ndians! The"#uilt #arns and other storage facilities$ erected fences$ and#egan the tas' of clearing more land! The farms or planta&tions as the" ere 'non ere productive on the fertilesoils of the ,us-uehanna River /alle"!

Research into these families ho ere settling on the ,us&

-uehanna reveals the" ere of various ethnic groups andfrom various locations ithin the colonies! ,everal familiesere Germans from the oha' and ,choharie /alle"s in%e 0or'$ a fe ere of 2rench Fuguenot etraction fromthe Fudson /alle" region$ others ere of >utch etractionfrom %e 0or'$ others ere %e nglanders from on&necticut$ a fe ere from ,usse ount"$ %e erse" andothers ere Germans from settlements in southern .enn&s"lvania!

As the da"s of the American Revolution dre closer$ thereasons for #ecoming (o"alists ere varied and man"! Thenative German$ for instance$ had deference for authorit"and lo"alt" to Great Britain for giving them passage to the

colonies! This allegiance also held true for the maHorit" ofthe German families along the ,us-uehanna! ,cattered

along the ,us-uehanna$ #oth (o"alists and .atriots dif&fered in their perceptions of the countr" and its future! Theline #eteen .atriot and (o"alist as not ala"s sharpl"dran and often circumstances dictated ones choice! Ascircumstances developed it ould appear several familiesfrom the il'es Barre area of the "oming /alle" removed

further up the ,us-uehanna River prior to the Revolutioninto present Bradford and "oming ounties perhaps to #efurther from their neigh#ors ho ere #eginning to pledgeallegiance to the struggle against Great Britain!

At an adHourned ton meeting of the inha#itants of est&moreland held at il'es Barre anuar" 6$ 1776$ among theseveral resolutions adopted as the folloing relating tothe families settled some thirt" or fort" miles a#ove il'esBarre< /oted that ,olomon ,trong and Ro#ert arr and%athan Lingsle" #e a committee to proceed up the riveand let the people 'non that the inha#itants of est&moreland are not a#out to 'ill and destro" them and ta'ean" of their effects as reported$ #ut the" ma" 'eep their

effects and continue in peace on reasona#le terms provid&ed the" conform to the las of the olon" of onnecticutand the Resolves of the ontinental ongress$ and confirmtheir intentions #" signing the su#scription paper for thapurpose that said committee ill produce!C

+n 1776 there as an assessment list compiled of the set&tlers in the Opper River >istrict$ ount" of estmoreland,tate of onnecticut! The Opper River >istrict as com&prised mostl" of settlers in present Bradford and "omingounties ho ere settled along the ,us-uehanna RiverThe list contains the names of 6* males! The names of An&ger$ Bender$ Boman$ Brunner$ Buc'$ >epue$ >eitt$ 2o2ran'$ Fic'man$ Fopper DFoverE$ Lentner$ .auling$ .ensler

D.encelE$ .hillips$ ,hout D,hortE$ ,hoers$ ,earls D,illsE,immons$ ,mith Doriginall" ,chmidtE$ ,tephens$ ,trope/anAlstine$ /ander#arrac' D/ander#urghE$ /anderlip$ /an&/al'en#urg$ indec'er$ inter$ and artman indicate sev&eral families of German and >utch nativit" ere settled onthe ,us-uehanna! )f those 6* names$ it has #een deter&mined that 37 ere (o"alists$ 16 ere non&(o"alists$ and 7are presentl" un'non! .enns"lvania also soon levied ta&es$ not recogniing onnecticut titles and landholders$ sev&eral .enns"lvania titleholders pro#a#l" living along sideman" of the settlers on the Opper River >istrict assessmentlist ho do not appear on that list! The first ta lists for thesame Hurisdiction under .enns"lvania and 'non as "o&

ming Tonship$ %orthum#erland ount" eists for 177:


(Continued on page 9

L O Y A L I S T P L A N T A T I O N S O N T H E S U S Q U E H A N N A CONT.

SRAC operates with 100% volunteer staffing. Our volunteers andBoard members donate hundreds of hours every month to maeSRAC a su!!ess. "han you for all that you do# $e survive be

!ause of your efforts#


9/20




and 1779 though at that date the maHorit" of (o"alist fami&lies had left the ,us-uehanna!

The original Op the River >istrict$ ount" of estmoreland$

,tate of onnecticut$ August 1776 assessment list is heregiven< At the )cto#er 1776 session of the General Asseml" of onnecticut a certificate as received from the (is&ters of estmoreland setting forth that the Grand (ist forthe ton of estmoreland$ made on the August lists for the"ear 1776 is 6996$ 13 shillings!

As the da"s dar'ened$ those ho felt lo"alt" to the cronmade various preparations$ man" of the men Hoining theran's of Butler@s Rangers and departing for %e 0or' andanada$ often leaving omen and children #ehind to carefor the plantations! Those ho remained ere #randed astraitors and often threatened! %earl" ever" man on the ,us&-uehanna ho Hoined Butler@s Rangers to fight against the

American olonies ere in alter Butler@s ompan" or il&liam aldell@s ompan"! At least telve of the namesfound on the 1776 assessment list of the Opper River >is&trict can #e found on the list of aldell@s ompan" and atleast eleven on the list of alter Butler@s ompan"!

2amilies along the ,us-uehanna did not escape conflict!Threats$ plunder$ and death struc' on #oth sides! an" oftheir families suffered great hardships$ omen often en&deavoring to maintain livestoc' and crops hile their husands and sons ere aa"! +n the earl" conflict it soon #e&came apparent that the ,us-uehanna as under .atriotcontrol! )ften fleeing in panic and confusion$ (o"alist eiles#egan on the ,us-uehanna$ forced to leave #ehind posses&

sions and often faced ith an unpromising future! 2amiliesere driven from their homes to atch them #urn$ livestoc'driven off and entire household contents plundered andta'en! (o"alist men ho ere aa" in Butler@s Rangersreturned to vulnera#le families and ere often imprisoned!,ome families ventured to the oha' /alle" in %e 0or'$others to %iagara$ and still others to the refugee camps of,orel and achiche in (oer anada Dno ;ue#ecE here#arrac's ere #uilt and provisions secured! Farsh livingconditions often plagued families in refugee camps!

+n 1777$ another assessment as ta'en of the same dis&trict$ several of the (o"alist families not appearing$ alread"having departed! D,ee page 4!E

The folloing petition is of interestepuis$ >aniel Roe$ liHah.helps$ .hilip Bender$ ,amuel (ut$ ichael ,hoers$ Far&monious Fouse$ Thomas cic'ing$ Adam 0oung$cGregor /anver"$ and +saac >olson! There ere siteenfamilies consisting of eight"&three persons! leared landmade a total of ?3: acres DFaldimand papersE!C ,everal ofthese families had #een former residents on the ,us-uehan&na!

hen the ar dre to a close in 17:3$ more than 4*$***men$ omen$ and children displaced from the colonies$ set&tled in anada! The greatest num#ers removed to presentda" )ntario$ including the maHorit" of the ,us-uehanna set&tlers! olonel ohn Butler$ hose land and home had #eenin the oha' /alle" of %e 0or' and ho had led disas&trous stri'es against the .atriot settlers on the ,us-uehan&na$ including the "oming Battle in ul" 177:$ led his follo&ers to the est #an' of the %iagara River hen the regimentdis#anded in 17:4! The government provided land in ana&da for (o"alists and the petitions of man" are valua#le re&

sources for learning of the trials and misfortunes that man"of these families eperienced! A fe$ such as aco# Bo&man returned$ #ut for most$ their homes and plantations onthe ,us-uehanna ere lost forever!

,ince the settlers ere going into the ilderness ith littleprospect of supporting themselves until the" had clearedsufficient land$ the British Government provided them ithrations on a reducing scale for three "ears D#eginning in17:4E! +n the first "ear the" received full rations for each per&son over 1* "ears of age$ to thirds in the second "ear$ andone third in the third and final "ear! ,mall children under 1*"ears of age received half of the amount that adults eregiven! After the end of the third "ear the settlers ere e&

pected to #e a#le to support themselves! A t"pical dail" ra&tion consisted of one pound of flour and one pound of #eefor 1? ounces of por'$ #ut there ere considera#le variationdepending on availa#ilit" in different localities DroderE!C

Besides rations$ Britain also compensated them for arlosses! The definition for eligi#ilit" as (o"alists erethose #orn or living in the American colonies at the out#rea'of the Revolution ho rendered su#stantial service to thero"al cause during the ar$ and ho left the Onited ,tates#" the end of the ar or soon after! ,ome left su#stantiall"later$ mainl" to gain land and to escape groing intolerance!

The provisioning lists and land petitions for (o"alists anchildren of (o"alists$ offer valua#le information a#out th,us-uehanna families! an" petitions indicate etensivcleared lands$ large -uantities of animals$ homes and #uildings along the ,us-uehanna River! The claim of .hilip Buc

stated Fe had a proprietor@s right on ,us-uehanna$ setled in 1771! .aid S1*$ 15 acres clear$ #uilt a house$ #arand #arric'! (ost ? cos$ ? "oung creatures$ 4 sheep$ ?hogs$ furniture$ utensils$ grain$ 1** #ushel! (ost grain$ ?hogs #" the re#els hen e ent aa" in @77! The +ndianhad his other cattle in @7:! Fis furniture and utensils ere le#ehind!C ichael ,hoers itnessed his statement and staed Fe had settled on the ,us-uehanna! Fe had ?* or ?acres clear and ver" good #uildings!C %eigh#ors often eritnesses$ hich further helps to esta#lish the identities osome families ho did not appear on the August 1776 anAugust 1777 assessment lists!

The (o"alist and non&(o"alist families from the 1776 as

sessment list are here given< lisha ilco & (o"alist & Thorn Bottom D?* miles from

.ittstonE +cah#od .helps & non&(o"alist

phraim T"ler & non&(o"alist

ohn ,ecord & (o"alist & opposite Tun'hannoc'

ames ,ecord & (o"alist & ehoopan"

aco# ,age Dperhaps aco# ,egar or ,agerE & if ,ega,ager perhaps (o"alist

.eter ,ecord & (o"alist & ehoopan"

oshua Bee#e & (o"alist

+saac (ara#" Dperhaps (ara#eeE & un'non

2rederic' /anderlip & (o"alist & Blac' alnut Bottom A#ram or'man DartmanE & (o"alist & Tun'hannoc'

.hilip Bender & (o"alist

ohn illiamson & (o"alist & Blac' alnut Bottom

liHah .helps & (o"alist & north of ehoopan" ree' oest side of ,us-uehanna River

Read elor" Dperhaps allor"E & un'non

.rince Br"ant & non&(o"alist

%athan Lingsle" & non&(o"alist

,tephen 2errington & (o"alist rossed over the hills t2arringdonNs$ ho lives at a small runNs mouth : milea#ove Tun'hannoc'C Desse (u'ens HournalE

aco# Boman & (o"alist

%icholas >epue & non&(o"alist Thomas igton & non&(o"alist

Adam Boman & (o"alist & Tun'hannoc'

Amos 0or' & non&(o"alist

liHah Bron & un'non

osiah >ee" & un'non .hilip Buc' & (o"alist & mouth of Tun'hannoc' ree'

dard Fic's & (o"alist & ,ugar Run Dpresent ilmoTonship$ Bradford ount"E





12/20


Page 1" THESRAC JOURNAL Volume 9, Issue 1

Thomas illard & (o"alist & north of ehoopan" ree'on est side of ,us-uehanna River

Thomas illard$ r! & (o"alist & north of ehoopan"

ree' on est side of ,us-uehanna River >avid Bigs#" DBi#"E & non&(o"alist Gasper Fopper Daspar FoverE & (o"alist & Terr"ton on

est side of ,us-uehanna River Fendric' inter & (o"alist & "alusing

ohn ,tephens & (o"alist

2rederic' ,mith & (o"alist

Fuldric' ,hout Dohan Fendric' ,hortE & (o"alist

2rederic' 2ran' & (o"alist Fenr" ,immons & (o"alist

Fenr" indec'er & (o"alist

Ben P ill .aling & (o"alists & "alusing

%icholas .hillips & (o"alist & north of "alusing

George Lentner & (o"alist & ,ugar Run ree' Reu#en Ferrington & non&(o"alist

ohn >epue & (o"alist & ,'innerNs dd" Dthough he ma"have removed up river to "alusingE

Andre Fic'man & un'non

ohn >eit & un'non

e#ulon arc" & non (o"alist

2rederic' Anger & (o"alist & As"lum A#el .almer & non (o"alist

2o Dpro#a#l" RudolphE & non&(o"alist & Toanda

+saac /an/al'en#urg & non&(o"alist though eldest sonand a daughter removed to anada as (o"alists &

"so ole & non&(o"alist

Bastian ,trope & non&(o"alist & "so

aco# Brunner & (o"alist & acedonia (emuel 2itch & non&(o"alist

+saac /anAlstine & (o"alist & ,tanding ,tone

)ld /anAlstine D(am#ert /anAlstineE & (o"alist & ,tand&ing ,tone

ames /anAlstine & (o"alist & ,tanding ,tone

oonrad ,eaerls Donrad ,illsE & (o"alist & Rummerfield +saac (araa" & (o"alist & "so

0 names 34 oyal"s!, 1 non-oyal"s!, 4 unkno%n

+n addition to the a#ove$ on the 1777 assessment list the(o"alist ho appeared ereran1lin 0ar1' New 2erse! Li8ert! +ell Associates. (;))

+o!d' 2ulian 0. !he Susquehanna Com"any Pa"ers. ol. I ())


14/20



aterman Baldin as the third son of +saac Baldin ,r! Fe as#orn in onnecticut on August 1$ 1757 and migrated ith his famil"to the "oming /alle" of .enns"lvania in 177?! Fe #egan his ser&vice in the ontinental arm" fighting for General ashington in thearea of %e 0or' it" and %e erse"! Fe later enlisted in ap&tain >ur'ee@s ompan" on anuar" 7$ 1777$ near aston$ .enns"l&vania and sa service in %e erse" around orriston spendingthe inter at /alle" 2orge! Being a super# horseman and an ecel&lent shot ith the long rifle he as in great demand #" superiorofficers as a scout and courier! +n this capacit" he fre-uentl" deliv&ered the personal messages of General ashington on his famous

horse Roano'e! Being a frontier scout and carr"ing messages through hostile territor" as dan&gerous or' and att$ as he as referred to$ as captured three times #" the +ndians! At onetime he as made to run the gauntlet$C a life threatening event! )n the last occasion of his cap&ture it as decided that he should #e #urned at the sta'e! )n the a" to the +ndian village hespo'e in Ho'ing terms ith his capturers! Opon arrival at the village$ he re-uested an audienceith ornplanter$ their chief$ a re-uest the +ndians thought -uite unusual! As arrangements ere#eing made for his sacrifice att continued to engage the +ndians in conversation and his cooland intrepid manner in the face of a certain gruesome demise gained ornplanter@s admirationand he too' him #" the hand and cancelled the torture! The great +ndian hief then too' att tohis village at the headaters of the Alleghan" River here he adopted him as his son! Fere helearned to spea' the ,eneca language fluentl" and #ecame ver" much attached to ornplanterand the other ,eneca hiefs! ornplanter had a daughter 2alling 2eather ho as one of hisclose companions at the village! Fe remained there until echanged for ? #ushels of oats and ?#ags$ an epense of 3* ,!

2olloing the Revolutionar" ar the officers gave att a silver saddle in appreciation of his ser&

vice! att then returned to .enns"lvania$ here onnecticut 0an'ees ere not ell li'ed due tothe ongoing feud over land rights ith the .enns"lvanians! A oman in the .enns"lvania grouphad a vicious dog that she delighted in setting after att! Fe put up ith it for a hile and thenshot the dog! The incident as seied as an ecuse for prosecuting another ild 0an'ee!C Feas #rought in front of a .ennamite agistrate and fined for his act of self&defense! (ater he metthe ustice out in the open and gave him a hipping ith the ramrod of his rifle! As soon as hecould the udge sent the .enns"lvania authorities after att! Baldin easil" 'ept ahead of hispursuers #ut tiring of the chase he halted and placed a pole across the road! hen the authori&ties arrived he shouted from his concealment the first man ho passes that mar' is a deadman!C Lnoing att@s aim and reputation the posse heeled around and left!

At another time$ again #eing pursued #" the .enns"lvanians$ he came upon a farm famil" thathe had helped in the past! ,eeing that he as in trou#le the farmer@s ife suggested that hehide in the mil' house! Roano'e ent in and never distur#ed an" of the gourds or pots l"ing on

the stone floor and made not a sound! The oman thre the officers off the trac' and att re&sumed his ourne"!

att as once married to an +ndian maiden! Fer previous lover had #een an +ndian hief named(one olf! (one olf 'illed the maiden and in the ensuing struggle aterman 'illed the chiefand put his head on a pole at the river@s edge! (ater$ elinda Burnham married aterman in17::$ moving ith him from .ittston$ .enns"lvania to hemung in 1799! After his ife@s deathlegend has it that 2alling 2eather$ att@s adopted sister$ came to care for att as as the +ndiantradition!

aptain aterman Baldin died April ?1$ 1:1*$ and is #uried ith his father and #rothers in theLnoll DBaldinE emeter" on the %eton Battlefield in (oman$ %0 ith 2alling 2eather at hisside!

Cotact s!Cotact s!Cotact s!Cotact s!

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This is the fourth in a series of articles ritten #" local historian >r! arl .!Ro#inson$ >! Fe is a Revolutionar" ar historian$ and is particularl"'noledgea#le a#out the events that occurred in our region during thatpivotal point in our nations histor"!

A T E R M A N BA L D I N B Y D R. EA R L P . RO B I N S O N , M D ,S R A C M E M B E R


15/20



DRUMBEATS-AHU!E SUCCESS/

The da" #egan ith our mem#ership luncheon! As a than' "ou for theirsupport of ,RA$ each mem#er as given a doen tic'ets to drop in #agsto in an" of the fift" door priesM!!from S5* gas cards from the >and"ini art to ? vintage tulip chairs valued at S5**! Before the doors ereopened to the pu#lic$ the mem#ers ere given a tour of the site of the ne,RA Research (i#rar" at the Teaoga >evelopment #uilding!

>r! >avid )estreicher traveled from %e 0or' it" to present 8The (enapeavidNs presentation ith 8hanging ,t"lesof ,mo'ing .ipes Osed #" ,eneca +ro-uois A!>! 155*&1:**!8 This tal'as ver" interesting to collectors and archeologists$ as ell the rest of ourpac'ed lecture hall$ including grade school children ho sta"ed the holeda"Q The presentation consisted of a slide&illustrated overvie of smo'ingpipes from ,eneca +ro-uois village sites spanning a ?5* "ear period from

the mid&siteenth to the late eighteenth centuries$ and man" could #efound in the ,RA collectionsQ

The event closed ith our dear friends the ,eneca Buffalo ree' >ancers$ ho have on national aards at .o&osacross the countr"! But more importantl"$ >ic' and arci and the gang are li'e famil" to us$ and e all enHo" catching upeach "ear and spending the time together! The event as a great mi of professionals$ students and locals of all ages>rum#eats is an annual event to honor our mem#ership and inspire the communit"$ and it is ala"s totall" freeQ

Than's to all of the #usinesses that donated door pries$ the spea'ers and dancers ho traveled hours to #e a part of this$to our #oard mem#ers ho ma'e ever" da" at ,RA an amaing eperience for our visitors$ the media ho helped us getthe ord out a#out the event$ and to ever"one ho attended the event and supported us throughout the "ear! +t as agood da" for ever"one involved! e thin' it as the #est >rum#eats "et!

NEBIRCHBARKCANOEDISPLAYATSRAC/isitors to the ,us-uehanna River Archaeological enterD,RAE in averl"$ %0no ill #e a#le to enHo" an up close vie of an over 1** "ear old %ative American#irch #ar' canoe! Birch #ar' canoes ere #eing used #" the people ho inha#itedthe Great (a'es region since around 15**A>! ust as the" ere made centuries ago$the canoe at ,RA as created solel" ith hand carved split spruce$ sheets of #irch#ar'$ spruce root strapping and sealed ith a mi of spruce gum and charcoal! ,ur&prisingl"$ the canoe is over 13 feet long #ut onl" eighs onl" a#out 7*l#s! This madeit the perfect a" for the %ative Americans to travel here the" had to cross fromportage to portage$ meaning that the canoe ould #e carried over land to differentstreams that lead to their destination! As a result$ the #irch #ar' canoe as superiorto the dugout canoe and an" #oat that the earl" uropeans #rought to America fortravelling on our streams$ rivers and la'es!

,RA@s >e# Tigg eplained$ The canoe as donated in ?**: #" averl" native(es Rolfe and until no as not a#le to #e safel" displa"ed! Recentl"$ e had#rought the canoe don for a local school field trip$ and e decided that moving itaround for special occasions as Hust not a good idea an"more! At that point econtracted ith Bar#ara Loehn ho is 'non ell for her or' at the >on errill u&seum$ to help us figure out ho to suspend the canoe safel"! The result is a glimpseinto our past that ill sta" ith people long after their visit!C

,RA is located at 345 Broad ,treet in averl"$ %0 and is open from 1&5pm Tues&da"s through 2rida"s and ,aturda"s from 11am&5pm! To learn more$ visit!,RAenter!org!

Barb :oe%, ad SRAC;s om Vallilee stad belo) t%e suspede

caoe

&embers of t%e Seeca Buffalo Creek


16/20



r! ngel#rechthas spent the last to "ears tr"ing to fit adison .oint #ases and tips together and then tr"ing to figure out hat the dis&tri#ution of mends mean! A general admission donation of S6 for adults and S4 for ,RA mem#ers is re-uested! D2reeadmission for all students ever" da" at ,RA!E 2ree admission to the ,RA ehi#it hall is included in this donation! 2ormore information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email infoV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!

(Continued on page 13)

Co0in1 E2'n)s $) SRAC


17/20



W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X W X

Tangle%ood 'a!ure 8en!er and (useum $resen!s?#ma"ng #n"mals?"e:

*a!urday, (ay 2@, 200m > 300m

,RA & 345 Broad ,treet averl"$ %0

This program highlights an animal from each of the 5 animal groups< a mammal$ a #ird$ a reptile$ an amphi#ian and anarthropod! (earn a#out the distinctive features of each group hile "ou get a varied loo' at some of TangleoodNs animalam#assadors! Bring "our famil" to enHo" a live animal sho presented #" Tangleood %ature enter and useum! 2reeadmission for this presentation and to the ,RA ehi#it hall! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email in&foV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!


Emma *edore?)one, Bu! 'o! Forgo!!en, .%egoCs #h%aga o!el

Tuesday, 430m


Tioga ount" historian$ mma ,edore returns to ,RA to tell the histor" of Ahaga Fotel! +t@s the histor" of a grand old

hotel that stood on the corner of 2ront and hurch ,treets in )ego from 1:5? to 1959! mma has authored a #oo' #"the same name that ill #e availa#le at the presentation! A general admission donation of S6 for adults and S4 for ,RAmem#ers is re-uested! D2ree admission for all students ever" da" at ,RA!E 2ree admission to the ,RA ehi#it hall isincluded in this donation! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email infoV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enterat 6*7&565&796*!


ance e"d"g?"ncoln

Tuesday, 300m


averl" native and ornell )utreach and (earning ,ervices (i#rarian (ance Feidig has spent the past "ear creating an

ehi#ition a#out A#raham (incoln for ornell and ill present his program hich gives us little 'non information hilecele#rating the 15*th anniversar" of (incolnNs mancipation .roclamation Danuar" 1:63E and the 15*th anniversar" ofthe Gett"s#urg Address D%ovem#er 1:63E A general admission donation of S6 for adults and S4 for ,RA mem#ers isre-uested! D2ree admission for all students ever" da" at ,RA!E 2ree admission to the ,RA ehi#it hall is included inthis donation! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email infoV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!


Tangle%ood 'a!ure 8en!er and (useum $resen!s?a%ks, .%ls, = 8omany?"e:

*a!urday, 300m


hec' out Tangleood@s local #ird residents ,ophie$ the Great&horned )l$ +carus the Broad&inged Fa'$ (uc" theBarred )l$ Fan' the Red&tailed Fa' or llie our American Lestrel! Get up close and personal ith these high&fl"ingspecies and learn hat ma'es #irds special in the orld of animals! Bring "our famil" to enHo" this special ive animalsho presented #" Tangleood %ature enter and useum! 2ree admission for this presentation and to the ,RA e&hi#it hall! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email infoV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!




Co0in1 E2'n)s $) SRAC


18/20



COMIN!EVENTSATSRAC

8harles ("!chell?'a!ure From o%l"ng &"lderness !o Vaca!"on 7es!"na!"on

Tuesday, *e!ember 3, 30m > 430m


>raing on landscape painting$ photograph"$ traveler@s accounts$ and other sources$ this presentation eplores the evo&

lution of American attitudes toards nature! Beginning ith the perceptions of the American landscape as a holingilderness$ a asteland to #e tamed and transformed$ the lecture traces the social$ cultural and economic forces thatled to the perception of ild nature as something of value to #e eperienced and preserved! Le" topics and figuresalong the a" include the su#lime$ romanticism$ Fenr" >avid Thoreau$ Thomas ole$ and the Fudson River ,chool$ohn uir$ Ansel Adams$ and the (ora! A general admission donation of S6 for adults and S4 for ,RA mem#ers isre-uested! D2ree admission for all students ever" da" at ,RA!E 2ree admission to the ,RA ehi#it hall is included inthis donation! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email infoV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!


Tangle%ood 'a!ure 8en!er and (useum $resen!s?"ards, *nakes, and Tur!les, .h (y: - "e:

*a!urday, *e!ember 1;, 200m > 300m,RA & 345 Broad ,treet averl"$ %0

(earn a#out our fascinating and fun collection of reptiles and amphi#ians! The delightful cast of characters ma" include 430m


ith over 5* "ears of eperience in underater archaeolog" in the 2inger (a'es region$ Ron Feines ill ta'e us #ac' to

a time of the great ships li'e the Falf oonC of Fenr" Fudson to the time of the Forse >ran %av"C otherise 'nonas canal ships! Bothe historical and archaeological in nature$ this presentation ill sho us the remains of these greatships no found covered in leopard mussels at the #ottom of our great la'es! A general admission donation of S6 foradults and S4 for ,RA mem#ers is re-uested! D2ree admission for all students ever" da" at ,RA!E 2ree admission tothe ,RA ehi#it hall is included in this donation! 2or more information$ visit !,RAenter!org$ email in

oV,RAcenter!org$ or call the enter at 6*7&565&796*!



19/20



NYS MUSEUMANDSRAC TEAMUP3A!AIN/ BYDEBTI!!

The %0, useum Research P ollections >epart&ment and ,RA have had a close relationship forseveral "ears! A#out five "ears ago Ted$ ,usanand + ent there to vie and record all of their %a&tive American artifacts from our area! The" havealso facilitated several presentations at ,RA overthe "ears! (ast "ear the" alloed me to go throughall of their collections in m" latest research on thefaces that + ill #e giving a presentation on thiscoming arch 5th! e are all on a first name #a&sis and have #ecome ver" good friends!

hen + called Ralph Rataul a fe ee's ago a#outa huge collection that as donated #" ,RA memer Ron Arnold$ he as happ" to come don andhelp us go through it and figure out a plan of hoto start the cataloging process! Than's to Ralphand erideth 0oung for driving don form Al#an"and spending the da" ith usQ

MUSEUMOFTHEEARTHMAI4EE"HIBITATSRAC

>id "ou hear a#out this amaing ehi#it in A+ DcornE hich covers fromthe ancient uses through current technologies and research of this amainggrain that is used more than an" other grain in the orld= %o it asn@t onehi#it in ,"racuse$ +thaca$ or %0!!!!+t as right here in the /alle"& at,RAQ

aie is the largest production crop in the orld and pla"s a central role in allof Onited ,tates agriculture and food production! plore the science ofmaie$ one of the most significant crops to human'ind for thousands of"ears$ and h" it continues to surprise us toda"!

This ancient grain as among the man" organisms that evolutionar" scientistharles >arin eamined! +n his travels to ,outh America$ >arin recog&nied the tremendous variation in maie and its long histor" of intentional#reeding! +n regards to domestication$ >arin stated$ Although man doesnot cause varia#ilit" and cannot even prevent it$ he can select$ preserve$ andaccumulate the variations given to him #" the hand of nature almost in an"a" hich he chooses and thus he can certainl" produce a great re&sultC Dfrom The /ariation of Animals and .lants Onder >omestication$harles >arin$ 1:6:E!

The ehi#ition eplores ho scientists utilie the process of evolution to en&courage the selection of functionalC and useful mutations for increased dis&ease resistance$ healthier and larger plants$ and maintained diversit"! Thenatural diversit" ithin a species can provide a plant ith a #uffer against changes in its environment$ providing the plantith the flei#ilit" to adapt! ,cientists are using conventional and molecular plant #reeding to com#at orld health issues$such as /itamin A >eficienc"$ a maHor health pro#lem for millions of people in the developing orld! +n etreme situa&tions$ for eample drought or disease epidemics$ diversit" can #e essential for the survival of the population!

(earn a#out fascinating advances in the science of plant genetics$ the histor"$ the process$ and the controversies! >onNtmiss this opportunit" to eplore evolution in action through histor" and science in aie< "steries of an Ancient Grain!2unding for this ehi#ition is from the %ational ,cience 2oundation .lant Genome Research .rogram >B+&*:?*619!

This ehi#ition is developed and managed #" the .aleontological Research +nstitution and its useum of the arth locat&ed in +thaca$ %e 0or' and has traveled the countr"$ landing in averl"$ %0 onl" until anuar" ?6th Although it hasno traveled on to Teas A P $ hile it as here$ it as another reason to see for "ourself h" ever"one continues tosa" & 8ThereEs #l%ays *ome!h"ng )o"ng on a! */#8:8

Ro Arold ad Ralp% Rataul&eridet% ?oug, Ralp% Rataul, ad

Ro Arold


20/20

Page "0 THESRAC JOURNAL Volume 9, Issue 1>%e Sus@ue%aa Ri*er Arc%aeological Ceter of ati*e Idia Studies

P+ Bo 1"

Sayre, PA 1880

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Documents

SRAC Journal Volume9Issue1