Implementation of an innovative forest

management planning considering

economic, ecological

and social aspects in Serbia

Implementacija inovativnog planiranja

gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje

ekonomskih, ekoloških i

društvenih aspekata u Srbiji

Razvoj i uvođenje inovativnog koncepta planiranja gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje ekonomskih, ekoloških (zaštita od poplava, ledoloma i požara) i socijalnih aspekata u Srbiji W –SRB 15-01

MAPIRANJE ŠUMSKIH STANIŠTA Dr Olivera Košanin, docent-koordinator Dr Milan Knežević, red.prof.Dr Rade Cvjetićanin, red.prof.Dr Marko Perović, docent

Osnovna jedinica – TIP STANIŠTA/STANIŠNI TIP

Pristup u podeli prostora:

• Inovativan

• Detaljan

IMPLEMENTACIJA I TESTIRANJE KONCEPTA na području

GJ“Istočna Boranja“

ZADATAK

1. Razvijena metodologija za mapiranje šumskih staništa (radionica 06.10.– 08.10.2016);

2. Izrada smernica za mapiranje:

3. Izrada mapa šumskih staništa;

Princip mapiranja

KONCEPTUALNA ŠEMA

Geology Terrain-Form Exposition Area-Proportion Elevation Elev-Range ForestTypes Plot-Inventory

Pozicija pedološkog profila (unknown at the moment)

Geomorphon

Granodiorit Flat terra in Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Planar 0-200 YES/NOpeak Plateau (0°-5°) 1% Col l ine+Submontanous200-500

ridge Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Lower-Montane 500-1000

pit + va l ley Plateau (0°-5°) 3% Montane 1000-1500

Subalpine >1500 Beechshoulder Sunny-s lope 2% Beech-Firspur + s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

spur + s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

hol low <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

hol low > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

foot s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

foot s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

shoulder Shady-s lope 2%

spur + s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

spur + s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

hol low <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

hol low > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

foot s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

foot s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

DEFINISANJE OBLIKA RELJEFA -

Geomorfon Oznaka

vrh 200

greben 300

rame 400

glavica+padina <= 30° 560

glavica+padina > 30° 564

uvala <= 30° 700

uvala > 30° 704/740

podnožje padine <= 30° 800

podnožje padine > 30° 804/840

jama+dolina 900

Tabela 2. Klasifikacija reljefa prema geomorfonima

Ekpozicije :

• Tople: SE, S, SW, W;

• Perelazne: do 12,5°;

• Hladne: N, E, NE, NW;

Totalna insolacija (15. 05-15.09):

• Osunčano 925 - 2000 kWh/m²;

• Prelazno 825 - 925 kWh/m²;

• Zasenjeno 0 - 825 kWh/m².

Izdvajanje reprezentativnih lokacija za

uzimanje uzoraka

1. ZONE RASTA

Interpolacijom podataka sa 10 meteoroloških stanica u Srbiji korišćenjem programa Climate EU v4.3 (Wang, T. and

Hamann, A. 2012) dobijeni su sledeći podaci :

Zona rasta Nadmorska visina

(m)

Prosečna godišnja

temperatura (°C)

Prosečna temperatura

u vegetacionom

periodu (°C)

Prosečna

temperatura

januara (°C)

Nizijska zona 0 -100 12,24 18,50 1,70

Brdska zona 100 - 600 10,54 16,70 0,09

Niža planinska zona 600 - 1200 7,41 13,40 -0,63

Viša planinska zona 1200 - 1500 4,84 10,80 -2,24

Subalpijska zona 1500 - 1800 3,13 8,97 -6,89

Alpijska zona Iznad 1800 -0,01 5,70 -9,84

Tabela 1. Zone rasta u Srbiji

1. ZAVISE OD : RELJEFA, KLIME I VEGETACIJE;

2. MENJAJU SE NA: lokalnom i regionalnom nivou;

3. OBUHVATAJU: obuhvataju lokalitete sa sličnim toplotnim režimom ;

4. IZDVAJAJU SE U: horizontalnom i vertikalnom pravcu;

5. REGIONALNE ZONE RASTA: GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ I NADMORSKA VISINA;

6. LOKALNE ZONE RASTA: OBLICI RELJEFA, NAGIB TERENA I INSOLACIJA;

Sr. god. temperature

(°C)

Sr. temperatura u

veg. per. (°C)

Sr. temperatura

januara (°C)

Prema zonama rasta

interval interval interval

6,13 8,98 12,1 15,05 -0,27 -1,44

Krupanj (283m) 7,60 9,20 11,30 13,10 0 -1,2

Tabela 2: Uporedni prikaz prosečnih temperatura

1. ZAVISE OD : RELJEFA, KLIME I VEGETACIJE;

2. MENJAJU SE NA: lokalnom i regionalnom nivou;

3. OBUHVATAJU: obuhvataju lokalitete sa sličnim toplotnim režimom ;

4. IZDVAJAJU SE U: horizontalnom i vertikalnom pravcu;

5. REGIONALNE ZONE RASTA: GEOGRAFSKI POLOŽAJ I NADMORSKA VISINA;

6. LOKALNE ZONE RASTA: OBLICI RELJEFA, NAGIB TERENA I INSOLACIJA;

1. ZONE RASTA

2. VODNI REŽIM1. UTIČE: reljef, klima, vegetacija i zemljište (podzemne vode);

2. PREDSTAVLJA: količinu vode kojom raspolaže jedno stanište;

3. ODREĐEN JE: klimatskim vodnim balansom/CWB i AWC zemljišta;

4. AWC predstavlja: količinu vode koju jedno zemljište može da sadrži u

zoni korenovog sistema u poljskim uslovima;

5. AWC zavisi od: osobina zemljišta - dubine, mehaničkog sastava i

sadržaja skeleta;

Klimatski vodni balans (CWB):

1. padavina (mm) – met.stanice;

2. potencijalne evapotranspiracije (mm);

CWB = P - ETpot

Potencijalna evapotranspiracija (ETpot):

• zavisi od velikog broja faktora;

• većina parametara nije dostupna za svako područje;

• nije pogodna standardna Penman-Montheith-formula;

• pogodna je Turc-ova metoda (Turc, 1963) koja koristi:

temperaturu vazduha i insolaciju ;

ETpotTurc= 0,013*(Tave/Tave+15)*(Rs+50)

Izračunavanje AWC

AWChorizont = (AWCtab * sadržaj skeleta [%]/100) * dubina [dm]

AWCprofil = AWChorizont_n1 + AWChorizont_n2 + ... AWChorizont_n

AWC [mm] AWC klase

1 – 10 1

10 - 25 2

25 - 45 3

45 - 65 4

65 - 95 5

95 - 130 6

> 130 7

1. PREDSTAVLJA: količinu vode

koju jedno zemljište može da

sadrži u zoni korenovog sistema

u poljskim uslovima;

2. ZAVISI OD:

• dubine,

• mehaničkog sastava;

• sadržaja skeleta;

3. ODREĐUJE SE: terenskih

proučavanja;Tabela 3. Klase AWC

2. ODREĐIVANJE WBLAWC i korekcije pomoću geoma, insolacije i klase padavina (količina padavina leti)

2. KLASA PADAVINA

300 m 120,60 98,00 78,50 297,10

400 m 126,40 101,20 81,60 309,20

500 m 132,20 104,40 84,70

321,30

600 m 137,90 107,70 87,70 333,30

700 m 143,60 111,00 90,80 345,40

800 m 149,40 114,20 93,90 357,50

850 m 152,30 115,80 95,40 363,50

RRwarm [mm] Klase padavina

<300 1

300 - 450 2

450 - 600 3

600 - 750 4

> 750 5

Tabela 5. Klase padavina korištene za određivanje WBL

Meteorološke stanice:

• Loznica (121m NV);

• Krupanj (280 m NV);

• Planina (560 m NV);

Ineterpolacija podataka:

pros. količina padavina leti na

svakih 100m;

Tabela 4. Količina padavina u letnjim mesecima (jun, jul, avgust) na

100 m NV za Boranju

Određivanje WBL

TI sun Tisr Ti hl

RrWa

rm

geo

m 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 9

viš

e o

d 1

30

mm

200 3 1 1

300 1 1 2

400 5 2 4 1

560 9 1 1 9

564 2 3

700 3 1 3

740 1 1 1

800 3 1 4

900 1 1Total 12 16 1 3 2 1 1 7 22 1

geom TiS Tin Tih

200 6 6 7

300 6 6 7

400 6 7 7

560 7 7 8

564 6 7 8

700 7 7 8

740 6 7 8

800 7 8 8

900 7 8 8

Tabela 6. Transfer tabela za GJ“Istočna Boranja“

Tabela 5. Medijane (polja označena zelenim)/minimizuje uticaj spoljnih činilaca

© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH

Karta WBL 16

Ekstremno vlažno

Vrlo vlažno

Vlažno

Umereno vlažno

© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH

Tabela 7. Klase WBL

WBL Klase Vodni deficit

1 Ekstremno suvo Veoma dugi periodi pojave vodnog deficita

2 Veoma suvo Dugi periodi pojave vodnog deficita

3 Suvo Duži periodi pojave vodnog deficita

4 Srednje suvo Povremeno u dužim periodima vodnog deficita

5 Malo vlažno U kraćim periodima vodnog deficita

6 Umereno vlažno Povremeno u kraćim periodima pojava vodnog deficita

7 Vlažno Retko pojava vodnog deficita

8 Vrlo vlažno Vrlo retko pojava vodnog deficita

9 Ekstremno vlažno Ekstremno retko pojava vodnog deficita

17

3. Određivanje nutritivnog režima(zemljište, vegetacija)

Rich – bogata

Rich – medium – umereno bogata

Medium - umerena/mezotrofna

Medium poor – umereno siromašna

Poor - siromašna

1. pH vrednost;

2. Matični supstrat

3. Trofični nivo-vegetacija

GEOM rich rich-medium medium medium-poor poor

200 3

300 5

400 14

560 16 2

564 2

700 4

800 8

804 6

900 1

Slika 9. Šema za klasifikaciju nutritivnog režima Tabela 15. Frekvencija klasa zasićenosti bazama

KARTA NUTRITIVNOG REŽIMA

Preklopljena karta nutritivnog režima sa kartom vodnog bilansa

1. Umereno vlažno – srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - Planinska šuma bukve

(Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

2. Vlažno - srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović

1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn);

3. Vrlo vlažno – srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B.

Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

4. Vrlo vlažno – siromašno stanište planinske šume bukve - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953;

Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

5. Ekstremno vlažno – siromašno do srednje obezbeđeno stanište planinske šume bukve -

(Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

Orografsko-edafski ulovljene:

1. Šuma bukve sa bekicama (Luzulo-Fagetum Mišić&Popović (54)1978 – kiselost;

1. Planinska bukova šuma sa vijukom (Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum) Mišić 1972 –

skeltnost, lak mehanički sastav, tople ekspoicije;

Tipovi staništa (Tomić, 2004)

Karta tipova staništa

AKTUELNA VEGETACIJA1. Nalazi se u vezi sa aktuelnim stanišnim uslovima;

2. Frekvencija pojavljivanja vrsta je u korelaciji sa padavinama i potencijalnom evapotranspiracijom;

3. Ekološke amplitude vrsta drveća: nije urađena na osnovu analize staništa jer se radi o homogenom

staništu, dominira bukva;

Grafikon 1. Ekološka diferencijacija vrsta Lakušić (1989)

VRSTA NADMORSKE VISINE (m)

Abies alba > 700

Picea abies > 700

Picea omorika > 500

Pseudotsuga menziesi sve nadmorske visine

Pinus sylvestris > 300

Pinus peuce > 700

Pinus strobus > 300

Juniperus virginiana < 500

Betula pendula > 700

Alnus incana > 700

Fagus moesiaca sve nadmorske visine

Quercus petraea < 700

Castanea sativa < 500

Carpinus betulus 300-700

Populus tremula > 300

Tilia platyphyllos > 300

Robinia pseudoacacia sve nadmorske visine

Acer tataricum < 700

Acer campestre < 700

Acer platanoides > 500

Fraxinus excelsior sve nadmorske visine

VRSTA VRSTA

Pinus nigra Quercus frainetto

Pinus heldreichii Populus alba

Pinus mugo Populus nigra

Juniperus communis Salix alba

Juniperus oxycedrus Tilia tomentosa

Alnus glutinosa Tilia cordata

Betula pubescens Acer pseudoplatanus

Carpinus orientalis Acer heldreichii

Ostrya carpinifolia Acer monspessulanum

Quercus pubescens Fraxinus ornus

Quercus robur Fraxinus angustifolia

Quercus cerris

Predviđanja

Analize limita vrsta pod različitim regionalnim, klimatskim, pedološkim i dr. uslovima..

2016 ?

4. ZAKLJUČAKMapiranje šumskih staništa:

1. koncepti za brzo prikupljanje i regionalizaciju osnovnih ekoloških informacija za održivo gazdovanje

prirodnim šumama;

2. Formiranje jedinstvene baze podataka koja omogućava primenu IT metoda i rešenja;

3. Poboljšanje osnova za donošenje odluka za ciljno održivo i prirodi blisko gazdovanje šumama;

4. Nova, fleksibilna metoda kartiranja šumskih staništa, prilagođena dinamičnim promenama stanišnih

faktora;

5. Redovna i brza razmenu informacija između korisnika;

6. Predviđanja u slučaju promene klime, analiza aktuelnih limita vrsta pod različitim regionalnim klimatskim i

pedološkim uslovima;

7. Identifikacija postojećih ekoloških limita vrsta drveća, optimalno u prirodi bliskim uslovima;

8. Kvantifikacija tih limita u formi formula koje opisuju odnos između stanišnih faktora

9. Korišćenje tematskih mapa stanišnih faktora da bi se stavile u odnos sa detektovanim ekološkim limitima

vrsta drveća.

• Otvoren veliki broj pitanja;

• gruba;

• nije dovršena;

• nedostaju uputstva za rad na terenu

Mape šumskih staništa:

• mala površina (2000ha);

• jedna geološka podloga;

• jedna zona rasta;

Ekološke amplitude vrsta drveća: nije urađena na osnovu analize staništa jer se radi o homogenom staništu,

dominira bukva;

Potrebna dalja istraživanja

Implementation of an innovative forest

management planning considering

economic, ecological

and social aspects in Serbia

Implementacija inovativnog planiranja

gazdovanja šumama uz poštovanje

ekonomskih, ekoloških i

društvenih aspekata u Srbiji

Implementation of an innovative forest management planning considering economic, ecological and social aspects in Serbia

(ProjektID W-SRB 15-01)

SITE MAPPINGOlivera Košanin, PhD, assistant proffesorMilan Knežević, PhD, full proffesorRade Cvjetićanin, PhD, full proffesorMarko Perović, PhD, assistant proffesor

Basic unit – Site type

The concept of the division of space:

• Innovative

• Detailed

Implementation and testing of the concept in the

area of MU“East Boranja“

PROJECT ASSIGNMENT:

1. The developed methodology for forest site mapping workshop 06.10.– 08.10.2016);

2. Development of guidelines for forest site mapping;

3. Mapping forest sites;

MAPPING PRINCIPLE

CONCEPTUAL SCHEME

Geology Terrain-Form Exposition Area-Proportion Elevation Elev-Range ForestTypes Plot-Inventory

Pozicija pedološkog profila (unknown at the moment)

Geomorphon

Granodiorit Flat terra in Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Planar 0-200 YES/NOpeak Plateau (0°-5°) 1% Col l ine+Submontanous200-500

ridge Plateau (0°-5°) 2% Lower-Montane 500-1000

pit + va l ley Plateau (0°-5°) 3% Montane 1000-1500

Subalpine >1500 Beechshoulder Sunny-s lope 2% Beech-Firspur + s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

spur + s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

hol low <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

hol low > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

foot s lope <= 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

foot s lope > 30° Sunny-s lope 10%

shoulder Shady-s lope 2%

spur + s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

spur + s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

hol low <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

hol low > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

foot s lope <= 30° Shady-s lope 10%

foot s lope > 30° Shady-s lope 10%

DEFINING RELIEF FORM

Landscape units Code

Peak 200

Ridge 300

Shoulder 400

Spur+Slope <= 30° 560

Spur+Slope > 30° 564

Hollow <= 30° 700

Hollow > 30° 704

Footslope<= 30° 800

Footslope> 30° 804

Valey+Pit 900

Table 2. Aggregation of the lanscape units with different slopes

Exposure :

• Sunny: SE, S, SW, W;

• Middle: do 12,5°;

• Shadowy: N, E, NE, NW;

Total solar insolation (15. 05-15.09):

• Sunny 925 - 2000 kWh/m²;

• Middle 825 - 925 kWh/m²;

• Shadowy 0 - 825 kWh/m².

SAMPLING SCHEME

1. GROWING ZONE

By interpolation of data from 10 meteorological stations in Serbia, for the 1971-2000. period, using programe Climate

EU v4.3 (Wang, T. and Hamann, A. 2012) the following data were obtained :

Growth zone Elevation

(m)

Mean annual temp.

(°C)

Mean temp. in veg.

period (°C)

Mean temp. in

January (°C)

Lowland zone 0 -100 12,24 18,50 1,70

Hilly zone 100 - 600 10,54 16,70 0,09

Lower mountain zone 600 - 1200 7,41 13,40 -0,63

Higher mountain zone 1200 - 1500 4,84 10,80 -2,24

Subalpine zone 1500 - 1800 3,13 8,97 -6,89

Alpine zone above 1800 -0,01 5,70 -9,84

Table 1. Growth zones in Serbia

1. Depends on the: RELIEF, KLIMATE AND VEGETATION;

2. Changes to: local and regional level;

3. Include: sites with similar thermal regime ;

4. Regional growth zones : altitudes and geographical position;

5. Locally growth zones : relief, inclination and insolation;

Mean ann.

temperature (°C)

Mean temp. in

veg. per. (°C)

Mean temp. in

January (°C)

By growth zones

interval interval interval

6,13 8,98 12,1 15,05 -0,27 -1,44

Krupanj (283m) 7,60 9,20 11,30 13,10 0 -1,2

Table 2: Comparative display of mean temperatures

1. Depends on the: RELIEF, KLIMATE AND VEGETATION;

2. Changes to: local and regional level;

3. Include: sites with similar thermal regime ;

4. Regional growth zones : altitudes and geographical position;

5. Locally growth zones : relief, inclination and insolation;

1. GROWING ZONE

2. WATER REGIME1. DEPENDS ON THE : relief, klimate, vegetation and soil (underground water);

2. REPRESENTS: the amount of water that has a habitat ;

3. DETERMINED BY THE : Climate water balance/CWB and available water

capacity/AWC; AWC - the amount of water that one soil can contain in field

conditions in the zone of the root sistem of the plant;

4. AWC - is conditioned by the very properties of the soil: the depth, the mechanical

composition, skeleton content;

Climate water balance(CWB):

1. Precitipation (mm) – weather station;

2. Potential evapotranspiration(mm);

CWB = P - ETpot

Potential evapotranspiration(ETpot):

• Depends on a number of factors;

• Most parameters availčable for esch area;

• can not be accepted for Serbia’s condition Penman-Montheith-formula;

• simplified approach can be used, based on Turc method (Turc, 1963):

ETpotTurc= 0,013*(Tave/Tave+15)*(Rs+50)

DETERMINATION OF AWAILABLE WATER CAPACITY -AWC

AWChorizont = (AWCtab * sadržaj skeleta [%]/100) * dubina [dm]

AWCprofil = AWChorizont_n1 + AWChorizont_n2 + ... AWChorizont_n

AWC [mm] AWC classes

1 – 10 1

10 - 25 2

25 - 45 3

45 - 65 4

65 - 95 5

95 - 130 6

> 130 7

1. REPRESENTS: the amount of

water that one soil can contain

in field conditions in the zone of

the root sistem of the plant;

2. DEPENDS ON THE :

• Depth;

• Mechanical composition;

• Skeleton content;

3. DETERMINED TO: field of

study;

Table 3. AWC classes

2. DETERMINATION OF WBLusing: AWC and several site characteristics (landscape unit, insolation and precipitation class in summer)

2. PRECIPITATION CLASSES

300 m 120,60 98,00 78,50 297,10

400 m 126,40 101,20 81,60 309,20

500 m 132,20 104,40 84,70

321,30

600 m 137,90 107,70 87,70 333,30

700 m 143,60 111,00 90,80 345,40

800 m 149,40 114,20 93,90 357,50

850 m 152,30 115,80 95,40 363,50

RRwarm [mm] Klase padavina

<300 1

300 - 450 2

450 - 600 3

600 - 750 4

> 750 5

Table 5. Precipitation classes based on total sum of precipitation in summer

months

Weather station:

• Loznica (121m altitude);

• Krupanj (280 m altitude);

• Planina (560 m altitude);

By interpolation of data :

Amount of precipitation in summer months

(June, July and August) at 100m for

Boranja;

Table 4. Amount of precipitation in summer months (June, July and

August) at 100m for Boranja

DETERMINATION OF WBL

TI sun Tisr Ti hl

RrWa

rm

geo

m 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 9

mo

reth

an

13

0m

m

200 3 1 1

300 1 1 2

400 5 2 4 1

560 9 1 1 9

564 2 3

700 3 1 3

740 1 1 1

800 3 1 4

900 1 1Total 12 16 1 3 2 1 1 7 22 1

geom TiS Tin Tih

200 6 6 7

300 6 6 7

400 6 7 7

560 7 7 8

564 6 7 8

700 7 7 8

740 6 7 8

800 7 8 8

900 7 8 8

Table 6. WBL transformation table for M.U. “East

Boranja“

Table 5. Frequency of WBL classes on area of M.U. “East Boranja“

© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH

WBL map in M.U. “East Boranja“ 42

Extremely humid

Very humid

HumidModerately humid

© UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH

Table 7. WBL classes

WBL Classes Water deficit

1 Extremely dry Very long periods of water deficit appearance

2 Very dry Long periods of water deficit appearance

3 Dry Longer periods of water deficit appearance

4 Medium dry Periodicaly in longer periods of water deficit appearance

5 A little wet In shorter periods of water deficit appearance

6 Moderately humid Periodicaly in shorter periods of water deficit appearance

7 Humid Rare water deficit appearance

8 Very humid Very rare water deficit appearance

9 Extremely humid Extremely rare water deficit appearance

43

3. DETERMINATION OF NUTRIENT

REGIME(soil, vegetation)

1. Rich;

2. Rich – medium;

3. Medium;

4. Medium poor;

5. Poor;

1. pH valiues;

2. geological build;

3. analysis of vegetation (field

data).

GEOM rich rich-medium medium medium-poor poor

200 3

300 5

400 14

560 16 2

564 2

700 4

800 8

804 6

900 1

Figure 9. Scheme for nutrient regime classificationTable 6. Frequency of base saturation classes

Nutrient regime map in M.U. “East Boranja“

Overlapped nutrient regime map and WBL map

1. Moderately humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - mountanious beech

forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973;

Syn.)

2. Humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović

1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

3. Very humid - medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B.

Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

4. Very humid - poor secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović

1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

5. Extremely humid - poor to medium secured site of mountanious beech forest - (Fagetum

montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973; Syn.);

Orographic-edaphic conditioned/sporadically occurs without spreading to a larger

area:

1. Acidophilic beech forest (Luzulo-Fagetum Mišić&Popović (54)1978 – increased

acidity;

2. Beech forest with Festuco drymeiae (Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum) Mišić 1972 –

skeletal structure, easy particle size distribution, the hot exposure;

Site types (Tomić, 2004)

Site types in MU „East Boranja“

ECOLOGICAL AMPLITUDE OF TREE SPECIES1. Related to current site conditions;

2. Frequency of species appearance stands in correlation with precipitation intensity and level of potential evapotranspiration;

3. ecological amplitudes : has not been done based on site results analysis, because it is very homogeneous site, on which

beech forests are dominant and beech trees have great coverage on every studied records, while there is small number of

other mixed tree species individuals, which are often absent;

Graph 1. Ecological differentiation of species done by graph (Lakušić 1989)

Species Altitude(m)

Abies alba > 700

Picea abies > 700

Picea omorika > 500

Pseudotsuga menziesi All altitudes

Pinus sylvestris > 300

Pinus peuce > 700

Pinus strobus > 300

Juniperus virginiana < 500

Betula pendula > 700

Alnus incana > 700

Fagus moesiaca All altitudes

Quercus petraea < 700

Castanea sativa < 500

Carpinus betulus 300-700

Populus tremula > 300

Tilia platyphyllos > 300

Robinia pseudoacacia All altitudes

Acer tataricum < 700

Acer campestre < 700

Acer platanoides > 500

Fraxinus excelsior All altitudes

Species Species

Pinus nigra Quercus frainetto

Pinus heldreichii Populus alba

Pinus mugo Populus nigra

Juniperus communis Salix alba

Juniperus oxycedrus Tilia tomentosa

Alnus glutinosa Tilia cordata

Betula pubescens Acer pseudoplatanus

Carpinus orientalis Acer heldreichii

Ostrya carpinifolia Acer monspessulanum

Quercus pubescens Fraxinus ornus

Quercus robur Fraxinus angustifolia

Quercus cerris

Forecast:

Analyzes limit species under different regional, climate, soil and others. conditions ..

2016 ?

4. CONCLUSIONSSite mapping:

1.Concepts for the rapid collection and regionalization of basic environmental information for sustainable

management of natural forests;

2. The formation of a single database that provides the implementation of the method of IT and solutions;

3. Improving decision-making basis for target sustainable and nature-friendly forest management;

4. The new, flexible method of mapping of forest habitats, customized dynamic changes of habitat factors;

5. Regular and rapid exchange of information between users;

6. Predictions in the case of changes of climate, the current limit of the analysis of a different region types

under climate and pedological conditions;

7. Identification of existing environmental limits species, optionally in the nature of a close environment;

• Opened a number of questions;

• Method is so rough and it is not completed;

• Missing instructions for field work,

• Ecological amplitude of tree species: it is not done on the basis of an analysis of habitat because it is a

homogeneous habitat, dominated by beech;

• Require further research and development of habitat mapping methodology

Thank you for your attention!