Sri Pankaj Dixit, I.A.S Dated: 2016 - Pradhan Mantri Krishi ... Officer and General Manager Jila Udyog Kendra for their support in all aspects. I am thankful to members of District

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Sri Pankaj Dixit, I.A.S Dated: 2016

District Magistrate

Kishanganj

MESSAGE

It is the matter of immense pleasure that District Irrigation Plan (DIP) for Kishanganj has been prepared

under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana with the theme of Har Khet Ko Pani and with the

clear intention to provide irrigation water to each Agricultural farm by 2020.

Rain water is the main source for all water resources which are stored either in the form of

surface water or ground water and can be available in drains through surface & sub-surface runoff. The

direct benefit of rainfall for crop uses is limited for certain period of time where as its judicious storage

can extend its benefits in future perspective.

Minor irrigation schemes together with water conservation schemes of Agriculture Department &

MGNREGS have been clubbed together in an Integrated approach to achieve the ambitious goal of

Har Khet Ko Pani.

The conjunctive uses of surface & ground rain water is an integrated approach which will enhance

not only the agriculture production in the district but also will rejuvenate the existing fragile ecosystem.

Har Khet Ko Pani scheme under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana will usher a new era of

prosperity in this district.

I express my sincere gratitude to the project director, ATMA Kishanganj officers & staff of

Irrigation Department, Minor Irrigation Department, Water Resources Department, Agriculture

Department and team of MGNREGS for rendering their time-bound Co-operation in the preparation of

District irrigation plan.

District Magistrate

Kishanganj

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I consider it as an opportunity and privilege to express my reverential gratitude to District

Magistrate-cum-Chairman, ATMA, Kishanganj for extending the inspiring guidance and constructive

motivation without which it would have been almost difficult for me to successfully complete the

District Irrigation Plan (DIP) under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).

I express my sincere and profound gratitude to Deputy Development Commissioner for the

valuable suggestions and encouragement for preparing the District Irrigation Plan.

I am also thankful to Mr. Deepak Kumar, Assistant Engineer, minor water resource, and Mr.

Rana Ranjit Singh, Assistant Engineer, Department Of Water Resources for documenting the Vision

Plan for the district.

I am extremely grateful to District Dairy Development Officer, District Fisheries Officer, District

Forest Officer and General Manager Jila Udyog Kendra for their support in all aspects.

I am thankful to members of District Level Implementation Committee of Pradhan Mantri Krishi

Sinchayee Yojana for their continuous help and critical suggestions in preparing District Irrigation Plan.

It is my utmost duty to mention some of the individuals who always carried out this piece of work

to reach its destiny. Notable among them are Dr. Niraj Kumar, Agriculture co-ordinator, Mr. Ashwani

kumar, Agriculture co-ordinator, Mr. Jalandhar Kumar, Agriculture co-ordinator and Mr. Rajesh Kumar

Sah, computer operator. I hope I have lived up to their expectation in bringing the District Irrigation

Plan to its present form.

District Agriculture Officer

-Cum-Project Director, ATMA

Kishanganj

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Table of Content

Message 1

Acknowledgement 2

Background of District 4

List of Table 11-12

List of Figure 13-14

1. Chapter- I General Information of KishanganjDistrict 15-16

1.1 District Profile 21

1.2 Demography 28

1.3 Biomass & Livestock 39

1.4 Agro-Ecology 42

1.5 Climate 42

1.6 Hydrology 42

1.7 Topography and Drainage 44

1.8 Geomorphology and Soils 54

1.9 Land Use pattern 64

2. Chapter II District Water Profile 75

2.1 Area wise, crop wise Irrigation Status 75

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops 86

2.3 Irrigation Based Classification 93

3. Chapter-III Water Availability 98

3.1 Ground Water Scenario 98

3.1.1 Water Bearing Formations 99

3.1.2 Depth to Water Level 99

3.1.5 Status of Ground Water Development 100

3.1.6 Ground Water Development 100

3.2 Status of Water Availability 102

3.3 Status of Command Area 105

4. Chapter-IV Water Requirement/Demand 107

5. Chapter-V Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in District under PMKSY 113

5.1 Action Plan for Kishanganj District 114-150

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Background of the District

Kishanganj is an important district in the north eastern part of Bihar and its headquarter located on the

bank of the river Ramzan. It lies between the longitude 870 70 E to 88

0 19 E and the latitude 25

0 20 N

to 260 30N. Kishanganj district is surrounded by Araria district in the west, Purnia district in the south-

west, Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal on the east, and Darjeeling district of West Bengal

and Nepal on the north. A narrow strip of West Bengal about 20 km wide separates it from our

neighbouring country Bangladesh.

It is also known as the 'Cherapunji of Bihar' because of Maximum Annual Rainfall than any other

districts in Bihar. In 1840 Kishanganj became part of the main land of Indian subcontinent after the local

rulers lost their battle with Mughals. Subsequently it was absorbed in the British Empire. Geographically

its physical location makes it as the Chiken-neck of Indian subcontinent. The evolution of Kishanganj

district having interesting story of the past. During the period of Nawab of Khagda named Mohammed

Fakiruddin, a Hindu saint arrived in the city. The saint was tired and wanted to rest. The Nawab

extended due respect to the saint and announced to give some portion from Kishanganj Gudri to Ramzan

pool. As time passed, the name got converted to Kishanganj.

This district came into existence on 14th

Jan. 1990. It has one sub-division (Kishanganj) and seven blocks

named Kishanganj, Kochadhaman, Pothia, Bahadurganj, Terhagachh, Dighalbank and Thakurganj. As per

2011 census, the population of Kishanganj district is 1690948 with sex ratio of 946 female to 1000 male

and having literacy rate of 57.04%.

It has geographical area of 188683 hectare out of which total cultivable area and irrigated area are

122892.81 hectare and 106173.44 hectare respectively. The agricultural activities of the district primarily

depends upon the rainfall. The average rainfall is 2250 mm. throughout the year out of which 80%

receives during the monsoon season. The irrigation facility available in the district is mainly in the form

of tube-wells . The main rivers of the district are Mahananda, Mechi, Kankai, Western Kankai, Burhi

Kankai, Dock, Nega and Ratwa. The climate of the district is humid with maximum temperature of 410 c

in the month of May and the minimum 50c in the month of January. Soil is light sandy loam with P.H

range of 5.8 to 8.0. The fertility status of soil ranges from low to medium. The forest cover of the district

is primarily spread to two important blocks namely Thakurganj and Terhagachh.

The primary occupation of the district is agriculture, animal husbandry, poultry and fisheries. Major crops

grown here are rice, maize, wheat, moong, mustard, till and jawar. Besides these cash crop like ginger,

turmeric, garlic, tobacco and jute are also grown. Kishanganj is famous for the cultivation of pineapple

which is grown mainly in the blocks namely Thakurganj, Pothia and Bahaduganj . The climatic condition

and maximum precipitation gives favorable conditions for plantation of tea. Kishanganj is the only district

in Bihar known for tea production. Jute, bamboo, timbers and its products having major share in the trade

activities of the district.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araria_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purnia_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Dinajpur_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh

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INTRODUCTION

Government is deeply committed to give high priority for Water Security. It will complete the long

pending irrigation projects on priority and launch the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana with

the motto of Har Khet Ko Paani. There is a need for seriously considering all options including

Linking of Rivers, where feasible; for ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the

recurrence of floods and drought. By harnessing rain water through Jal Sanchay and Jal Sinchan, we

will nurture water conservation and ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will be popularized to ensure

Per drop-More crop. Out of about 141 m.Ha of net area sown in the country, about 65 million hectare

(45%) is presently covered under irrigation. The irrigated area (45%) is contributing 65% of total food

production while rainfed area (55%) is contributing 35% of total food production in our country. Thus

there is urgent need to increase the irrigated area to feed the increasing population. Substantial

dependency on rainfall makes cultivation in unirrigated areas as a high risk as well as less productive

profession. Empirical evidences suggest that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest

more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income.

Vision

The overreaching vision of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana(PMKSY) will be to ensure

access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce per drop

more crop thus bringing much desired rural prosperity.

Objectives

The broad objectives of PMKSY will be:-

a) Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if

required, sub district level water use plans).

b) Enhance the physical access of water to the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation.

(Har Khet Ko Pani),

c) Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make the best use of water through

appropriate technologies and practices.

d) Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and

extent,

e) Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More Crop Per

Drop).

f) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices

g) Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed approach towards soil and

water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood option and

other NRM activities.

h) Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for

farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

i) Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture, and

j) Attract greater private investments in irrigation. This will in turn increase agricultural production and

productivity and enhance farm income.

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Strategy & Focus Areas

To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to-end solution in irrigation

supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level application, extension services

on new technologies & information etc. Broadly, PMKSY will focus on:-

a) Creation of new water sources.

b) Repair, restoration and renovation of defunct water sources.

c) Construction of water harvesting structures, secondary & micro storage, groundwater development.

d) Enhancing potentials (Created and utilized) of traditional water bodies at village level.

e) Development/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both assured and protective)

are available or created.

f) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to improve ground water

recharge so as to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water through shallow tube/dug

wells

g) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the farm viz, underground

piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application devices etc.

h) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user group/farmer producers organizations/

NGOs

i) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure visits, demonstrations, farm

schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management practices practices (crop

alignment) including large scale awareness on more crop per drop of water through mass media

campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short animation films etc.

Programme Components

PMKSY will have following programme components:

A. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)

a) To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects.

B. PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani)

a) Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water)

b) Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies; strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water

sources, construction rain water harvesting structures (Jal Sanchay);

c) Command area development, strengthening and creation of distribution network from source to the

farm;

d) Ground water development in the areas where it is abundant, so that sink is created to store

runoff/flood water during peak rainy season.

e) Improvement in water management and distribution system for water bodies to take advantage of the

available source which is not tapped to its fullest capacity (deriving benefits from low hanging fruits).

At least 10% of the command area is to be covered under micro/precision irrigation.

f) Diversion of water from source of different location where it is surplus to nearby water scarce areas,

lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower elevation to supplement requirements beyond IWMP

and MGNREGS irrespective of irrigation command.

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g) Creating and rejuvenating traditional water storage systems like Ahars, Pynes, Community tanks, dams

etc.

C. PMKSY (Per Drop/More Crop)

a) Programme management, preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of annual action plan,

Monitoring etc.

b) Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers,

pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan);

c) Topping up of input cost particularly under civil construction beyond permissible limit (40%) under

MGNREGS for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps, distribution system etc.

d) Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities including tube wells

and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi critical /critical/over

exploited category of development) which are not supported under AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet Ko

Pani), PMKSY (Watershed) and MGNREGS as per block/district irrigation plan.

e) Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when available in abundance

(rainy season) on form perennial sources like streams for use during dry periods through effective on-

farm water management;

f) Water lifting devices like diesel/electric/ solar pumpsets including water carriage pipes, underground

piping system.

g) Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures

including cropping alignment to maximise use of available water including rainfall and minimize

irrigation requirement (Jal sarankchan);

h) Capacity building, training and awareness campaign including low cost publications, use of video films

for encouraging potential use water source through technological, agronomic and management

practices including community irrigation.

i) The extension workers will be empowered to disseminate relevant technologies under PMKSY only

after requisite training is provided to them especially in the area of promotion of scientific moisture

conservation and agronomic measures, improved/ innovative distribution system like pipe and box

outlet system, etc. Appropriate Domain Experts will act as the Master Trainers.

j) Information Communication Technology (ICT) interventions for use in the field of water use

efficiency, precision irrigation technologies, on farm water management, crop alignment etc. and also

to do intensive monitoring of the Scheme.

D. PMKSY (Watershed Development)

a) Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities such as

ridge area treatment, drainage line treatment, rain water harvesting, in-situ moisture conservation and

other allied activities on watershed basis.

b) Converging with MGNREGS and other schemes for creation of water sources to full potential

including renovation of traditional water bodies.

Convergence

PMKSY will ensure convergence with all rural assets/infrastructure based programmes related to water

conservation and management programmes/schemes like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY), Jawaharlal Nehru National

9

Solar Mission and Rural Electrification programmes, Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF),

Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF), Member of Parliament Local Area Development

(MPLAD) Scheme, Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development (MLALAD) Scheme,

Local body funds, Working Plan of State Forest Department etc. The inputs from the Intensive

Participatory Planning Exercise (IPPE) already conducted under MGNREGA in 2,500 backward Blocks

may be used in preparing the DIP. In most cases the labour intensive work like earth works for source

creation may be taken up under MGNREGA. Emphasis will be given for utilizing MGNREGA fund for

de-silting of ponds, canals, defunct water bodies like old ponds, Jal Mandir, khul, Tanka etc. to improve

storage capacity and creating scopes for water availability for irrigation purposes. PMKSY (Per Drop

More Crop) fund may also be used for topping up of material cost beyond the specified limit, i.e., 40% in

the MGNERAGA for lining, inlet, outlet, silt trap, adjustable gates etc. All stakeholders viz, farmers,

Panchayat and grass root level functionaries be made aware of scientific/technical processes of cleaning

canals, de-siltation, construction of water harvesting structures etc. through extension activities including

use of IEC, short animation films etc. to get maximum benefit of MGNREGA for these works. Other

works can be taken up from PMKSY(Har Khet Ko Pani), PMDSY(Watershed) etc. depending on the type

and nature of works. Where irrigation source is created, the PMKSY (Per drop more crop) component be

potentially made use to improve irrigation efficiency and extend larger coverage from the same source.

Department of Land Resources is in the process of starting the World Bank assisted Neeranchal

project. Neeranchal is proposed to focus on better scientific basin level planning, new technologies for

efficient water management, community level hydrology, enhanced production and yields, linkages with

markets, real time monitoring systems using state of the art technologies and urban watersheds.

Neeranchal will support PMKSY with proper synergy between the two programmes.

Where more than one department has to converge to implement a single scheme, each department may

take up a separate component for implementation. Wherever irrigation potential has been created, but is

lying unutilized for want of field channels, works, for creating such supporting infrastructure shall be

taken up under MGNREGA on priority and such works should also be part of the District Irrigation Plan.

In respect of the irrigation works to be taken up under MGNREGA, technical support of other line

departments would be provided. In fact, such support will enable scientific plans and execution of such

works as part of PMKSY.

Ministry of Panchayati Raj shall also be appropriately consulted for ensuring that local/Panchayat level

requirements are adequately addressed in DIPs and SIP. PMKSY will also accord priorities to villages

identified under Sansad Adarsh Garm yojana (SAGY).

Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India may affect changes

in the PMKSY operational guidelines, other than those affecting the financing pattern as the scheme

evolves, whenever such changes are considered necessary with the approval of NEC.

Strategic Action Plan for Kishanganj District

It has geographical area of 188683 hectare out of which total cultivable area and irrigated area are

122892.81 hectare and 106173.44 hectare respectively. The agricultural activities of the district primarily

depends upon the rainfall. The average rainfall is 2250 mm. throughout the year out of which 80%

receives during the monsoon season. The irrigation facility available in the district is mainly in the form

of tube-wells . The main rivers of the district are Mahananda, Mechi, Kankai, Western Kankai, Burhi

Kankai, Dock, Nega and Ratwa. The climate of the district is humid with maximum temperature of 410 c

10

in the month of May and the minimum 50c in the month of January. Soil is light sandy loam with P.H

range of 5.8 to 8.0. The fertility status of soil ranges from low to medium. The forest cover of the district

is primarily spread to two important blocks namely Thakurganj and Terhagachh.

.

The primary occupation of the district is agriculture, animal husbandry, poultry and fisheries. Major crops

grown here are rice, maize, wheat, moong, mustard, till and jawar. Besides these cash crop like ginger,

turmeric, garlic, tobacco and jute are also grown. Kishanganj is famous for the cultivation of pineapple

which is grown mainly in the blocks namely Thakurganj, Pothia and Bahaduganj . The climatic condition

and maximum precipitation gives favorable conditions for plantation of tea. Kishanganj is the only district

in Bihar known for tea production. Jute, bamboo, timbers and its products having major share in the trade

activities of the district.

Kishanganj is primarily a rainfed agricultural zone with poor assured irrigation facilities. Although eight

rivers flow across the district but some rivers remain dry during most part of the year. There is huge gap

between irrigation potential and its utilization because most of the irrigation system created in the district

is dependent solely on monsoon.

At present total water reserve (surface and ground water) in Kishanganj district is 9.034 MCM while the

water demand is just 4.6192 MCM. Thus, there is abundance of water reserve but it is the need of the

hour to use the water judiciously. Hence, a number of structures including surface minor irrigation, lift

irrigation, micro irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, water harvesting, farm pond, fishery pond,

cattle pond, land development, ground water development, renovation of tube wells, assets creation for

water conservation etc. have been proposed by various co-ordinating departments of the district i.e. Soil

and Water Conservation (IWMP & RKVY water conservation schemes), State Irrigation Department,

Minor Irrigation Department, MGNREGS and other similar schemes of Ministry of Panchayati raj . It has

been planned to create required storage structure as well as recharge the groundwater in order to exploit

the same during the lean period.

Monitoring & Evaluation

A web-based Management Information system for PMKSY (PMKSY-MIS) will be developed to collect

essential information related to each project. States will be responsible for timely submission/updating

project data online in the system (preferably on a fortnight basis), which will provide current and

authenticated data on outputs, outcome and contribution of PMKSY project in the public domain.

Monitorable targets against each component will be fixed by concerned Ministry/department of GOI such

as Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Water Resources, RD & GR, Department of

Land Resources and Ministry of Rural Development for all sub-components (MoRD will enter the

information only for creation of water sources in the identified rainfed and backward blocks for special

focus by MGNREGA funds where DoLR to complete their ongoing watershed programmes). Any

achievements in a given timeframe will be reported for each activity with respect to baseline/historic data.

This may include increase in production area, productivity, use of precision facilities etc. In this process,

the focus should also be on to fix accountability and use technology for not meeting the targets and time

frame of implementation.

PMKSY-MIS reports shall be the basis of on line monitoring and judging Inter-State performance;

States may establish a dedicated PMKSY-MIS cell for this purpose.

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The assets created under Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sinchayee Yojana will be geo-tagged and mapped on

to location maps using Bhuvan application developed by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

This activity will be dovetailed with the new Innovative Technology Dissemination component of hand

held devices under NMAET. The extension workers or other verification authorities will fill in details of

the asset being created or completed under the Scheme by completing online form as an Android

application. Asset details of each irrigation source and distribution channel with digitized satellite

imagery with necessary information on capacity, sources, inlets, outlets etc. to be uploaded using geo

tagging feature of GPS enabled smart phone. In order to fine-tune this activity, village boundaries as per

Survey of India (having latitude/longitude details) will be used in conjunction with District/Block codes

strictly in keeping with the Farmers Portal so as to avoid any duplication or contradiction. Each structure

will have a unique ID number with first two letters of state/abbreviated scheme name/ first three letters

of district/year of operationalization/longitude/latitude. Services of MNCFC will be utilized for such

activities.

Twenty five percent(25%) of the projects sanctioned by the State shall have to be compulsorily taken up

for third party monitoring and evaluation by the implementing States. Besides, the accounts of all this

assets created will have to be put before the Gram Sabha for social audit,

Action plan for monitoring and evaluation will be chosen by SLSC every year in its first meeting based

on project cost, importance of the project etc. preferably covering all sectors. The State Government will

be free to choose any reputed agencies for conducting the monitoring and evaluation work in the state.

Requisite fees/cost towards monitoring & evaluation will be met by the State Government, out of that 5%

allocation will be retained by them for administrative expenses. DAC will evolve suitable mechanism for

concurrent evaluation of implementation of PMKSY. DAC may also engage suitable agency for

conducting State specific/Pan India periodic implementation monitoring and/or mid-term/end term

evaluation of the scheme. NRAA will be involved in the process of mid-term/end term evaluation of the

PMKSY.

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List of Tables

Table 1.1.1: District Profile of Kishanganj. 21

Table 1.1.2: Net Rainfed area in Kishanganj District, Bihar 21

Table 1.1.3: List of Micro-watersheds (MWS) delineated under 24-27

Kishanganj District

Table 1.2.1: Block wise Panchayat and Village, District Kishanganj 28

Table 1.2.2 Details of Population in Kishanganj District 37

Table 1.2.3: Details of Household in Kishanganj District 38

Table 1.3.1: Small animal population in Kishanganj District 40

Table 1.3.2: Large animal population in Kishanganj District 41

Table 1.5.1: Block wise details of temperature in Kishanganj District 42

Table 1.6.1: Average annual rainfall of District Kishanganj 42

Table 1.7.1: Block wise Land Slope, District Kishanganj 45

Table 1.8.1: Soil Type in Kishanganj District 54

Table 1.9.1: Land Use Pattern in Kishanganj District 65

Table 2.1.1: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status of Kishanganj district 76

Table 2.1.2: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Kishanganj 79

Table 2.1.3: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Kodhadhaman 80

Table 2.1.4: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block bahadurganj 81

Table 2.1.5: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Dighalbank 82

Table 2.1.6: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Thakurganj 83

Table 2.1.7: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Pothia 84

Table 2.1.8: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status: Block Tedhagachh 85

Table 2.2.1: Production and Productivity of Major Crops,

District:

Table 2.2.2: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Kishanganj 89

Table 2.2.3: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Kochadhaman 89

Table 2.2.4: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Bahadurganj 90

Table 2.2.5: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Dighalbank 91

Table 2.2.6: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Thakurganj 92

Table 2.2.7: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Pothia 92

Table 2.2.8: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Tedhagachh 93

Table 2.3.1: Irrigation based Classification in Kishanganj district-

Table 2.3.2: Irrigated and Unirrigated Area Kharif season in Kishanganj district 94

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Table 2.3.3: Irrigated and Unirrigated Area Rabi season in Kishanganj district 96

Table 2.3.4: Irrigated and Unirrigated Area Summer season in district 97

Table 3.1.2: Block wise Dynamic Ground Water Resource of 100

Kishanganj District

Table 3.1.3: Status of Ground Water Availability in district 101

Table 3.2.1: Status of Water Availability in Kishanganj Block 102

Table 3.2.2: Status of Water Availability in Kodhadhaman Block 102

Table 3.2.3: Status of Water Availability in Bahadurganj Block 103

Table 3.2.4: Status of Water Availability in Pothia Block 103

Table 3.2.5: Status of Water Availability in Thakurganj Block 104

Table 3.2.6: Status of Water Availability in Dighalbank Block 104

Table 3.2.7: Status of Water Availability in Tedhagachh Block 104

Table 3.3.2 Existing type of Irrigation in Kishanganj district 106

Table: 4.1 Population and Water demand in Kishanganj district 108

Table 4.2: Crop water requirement in Kishanganj district 109

Table 4.3: Livestock Water demand in Kishanganj district 110

Table 4.4: Industrial Water demand in Kishanganj district 110

Table 4.5: Water demand for Power Generation in Kishanganj district 111

Table 4.6: Total Water demand of the district for various sectors (Present) 111

Table 4.7: Water Budget of Kishanganj district 112

Table 5.1: Action Plan for Kishanganj District 114

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List of Figures

FIG 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF BIHAR 15

FIG 1.2: DISTRICT MAP OF BIHAR 16

FIG 1.3: ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF Kishanganj 18

FIG 1.4: LOCATION MAP OF Kishanganj DISTRICT 19

FIG 1.5: BLOCK WISE NET RAINFED AREA IN Kishanganj DISTRICT 22

FIG 1.6: MICRO-WATERSHED BOUNDARY WITH CODE & DRAINAGE NETWORK, 23

Kishanganj DISTRICT29

FIG 1.7: VILLAGE BOUNDARY AN30D DRAINAGE NETWORK, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 29

FIG 1.8: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, KISHANGAN BLOCK 30

FIG 1.9: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK 31

FIG 1.10: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK 32

FIG 1.11: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, DIGHALBANK BLOCK 33

FIG 1.12: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, POTHIA BLOCK 34

FIG 1.13: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK 35

FIG 1.14: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, THAKURGANJ BLOCK 36

FIG 1.15: BLOCK WISE MALE & FEMALE POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 37

FIG 1.16: BLOCK WISE CATEGORY WISW POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 38

FIG 1.17: BLOCK WISE NO. OF HOUSEHOLD DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 39

FIG 1.18: BLOCK WISE SMALL ANIMAL POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 40

FIG 1.19: BLOCK WISE LARGE ANIMAL POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 41

FIG 1.20: YEAR WISE ANNUAL RAINFALL, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 43

FIG 1.21: YEAR WISE AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 43

FIG 1.22: YEAR WISE NO. OF RAINY DAYS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 44

FIG 1.23: LAND SLOPE MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 46

FIG 1.24: LAND SLOPE MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOC 47

FIG 1.25: LAND SLOPE MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOC 48

FIG 1.26: LAND SLOPE MAP, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK 49

FIG 1.27: LAND SLOPE MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK 50

FIG 1.28: LAND SLOPE MAP, POTHIA BLOCK 51

FIG 1.29: LAND SLOPE MAP, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK 52

FIG 1.30: LAND SLOPE MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK 53

FIG 1.31: BLOCK WISE MAJOR SOIL TYPE AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 55

FIG 1.32: SOIL MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 56

FIG 1.33: SOIL MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOCK 57

FIG 1.34: SOIL MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK 58

FIG 1.35: SOIL MAP, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK 59

FIG 1.36: SOIL MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK 60

15

FIG 1.37: SOIL MAP, POTHIA BLOCK 61

FIG 1.38: SOIL MAP, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK 62

FIG 1.39: SOIL MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK 63

FIG 1.40: BLOCK WISE AREA UNDER AGRICULTURE LAND, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 66

FIG 1.41: BLOCK WISE OTHER LAND, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 66

FIG 1.42: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 67

FIG 1.43: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOCK 68

FIG 1.44: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK 69

FIG 1.45: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KODHADHAMAN BLOCK 70

FIG 1.46: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK 71

FIG 1.47: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, POTHIA BLOCK 72

FIG 1.48: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK 73

FIG 1.49: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK 74

FIG 2.1: CROP WISE IRRIGATION STATUS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 75



FIG 2.4: SEASON WISE CROP SOWN AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 88

FIG 2.5: SEASON WISE PRODUCTIVITY, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 88

FIG 2.6: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 93

FIG 2.7: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA OF KHARIF SEASON, 94

KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

FIG 2.8: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA OF RABI SEASON, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 96

FIG 2.9: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA OF SUMMER SEASON, 97

KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

FIG 3.1: HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 99

FIG 4.1: BLOCK WISE PROJECTED POPULATION OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 108

FIG 4.2: BLOCK WISE WATER POTENTIAL OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT 109

16

Chapter-I

General Information of Kishanganj District

1.1 District Profile

Kishanganj is an important district in the north eastern part of Bihar and its headquarter

located on the bank of the river Ramzan. It lies between the longitude 870 70 E to 88

0 19

E and the latitude 250 20 N to 26

0 30N.

17

FIG 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF BIHAR

Kishanganj district is surrounded by Araria district in the west, Purnia district in the south-

west, Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal on the east, and Darjeeling district of West

Bengal and Nepal on the north. A narrow strip of West Bengal about 20 km wide separates

it from our neighbouring country Bangladesh.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araria_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purnia_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Dinajpur_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling_districthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh

18

FIG 1.2: DISTRICT MAP OF BIHAR

19

FIG 1.3: ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF KISHANGANJ.

20

FIG 1.4: LOCATION MAP OF KISHANGANJ.

21

FIG 1.4: LOCATION MAP OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

22

PROFILE OF KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

Table 1.1.1 District Profile of a Kshanganj.

District Code 1008

Geographical Area 188683 ha

Latitude and Longitude 2520'N-2630'N and

8778819'E

Area under Forest 274.48 ha

Area under Agriculture use 147469.9 ha

Net Sown Area 122892.81

Gross Cropped Area 147469.90

Net Irrigated Area(Rabi/kharif) 42817/46495 ha

Net Rainfed Area 10191.39 ha

Gross Irrigated Area 176709.73 ha

Gross Rainfed Area 83003.08 ha

Total Number of block 7

Total Number of Panchayat 126

Total Number of Villages 772

Total Population 2037304

Population Growth Rate(Decadal) 30.40

Total Male Population 866970

Total Female Population 823430

Total Population SC 113118

Total Population ST 64224

Total Population OBC/GEN 1459058

Total livestock 1536394

Stored Surface water 146.76 MCM

Stored Ground water 587.04 MCM

Out of total geographical area of 93558 ha, 35784 ha of land is net rainfed. Block wise details of

rainfed area is given in Table 1.1.2

Table 1.1.2: Net Rainfed area in Kishanganj District, Bihar

Name of Block Net Rainfed Area (ha)

Kishanganj 9259

Kochadhaman 7207

Bahadurganj 6438

Dighalbank 7522

Thakurganj 6044

Pothia 6183

Terhagachh 6438

TOTAL 49091 Source: District Agriculture Office (DAO) Kishanganj.

23

FIG 1.5: BLOCK WISE NET RAINFED AREA IN KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

Micro-watershed delineation of the District

The rainfed agriculture is complex, diverse and risk prone. Sustainable development of rainfed

area on the basis of micro-watershed has been considered as an ideal tool for all planning

processes. The district covers 104 Mico-watersheds which have been delineated by Bihar Remote

Sensing Application Centre with a view to use the same in planning of Integrated Watershed

management Programme (IWMP) and other sustainable development programmes related to

natural resource management. Map of delineated micro-watershed with its codes has been shown

in FIG. 1.6 . The codes of MWS along with their respective geographical area are being shown in

Table 1.1.3

24

FIG 1.6: MICRO-WATERSHED BOUNDARY WITH CODE & DRAINAGE NETWORK, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

25

Table 1.1.3: List of Micro-watersheds (MWS) delineated under Kishanganj District.

Total 104 Micro watershed of Kishanganj District.

26

Table 1.1.3: List of Micro-watersheds (MWS) delineated under Kishanganj District

S.No. Micro-Watershed Code Area (ha)

1 2A5F4Aa1

2 2A5F4Aa10

3 2A5F4Aa11

4 2A5F4Aa2

5 2A5F4Aa3

6 2A5F4Aa4

7 2A5F4Aa5

8 2A5F4Aa6

9 2A5F4Aa7

10 2A5F4Aa8

11 2A5F4Aa9

12 2A5F4Ab1

13 2A5F4Ab10

14 2A5F4Ab11

15 2A5F4Ab12

16 2A5F4Ab2

17 2A5F4Ab3

18 2A5F4Ab4

19 2A5F4Ab5

20 2A5F4Ab6

21 2A5F4Ab7

22 2A5F4Ab8

23 2A5F4Ab9

24 2A5F4Ba1

25 2A5F4Ba2

26 2A5F4Ba3

27 2A5F4Ba4

28 2A5F4Ba5

29 2A5F4Ba6

30 2A5F4Bb1

31 2A5F4Bb2

32 2A5F4Bb3

27

33 2A5F4Bb4

34 2A5F4Bc1

35 2A5F4Bc2

36 2A5F4Bc3

37 2A5F4Ca2

38 2A5F4Ca3

39 2A5F4Ca4

40 2A5F4Caa

41 2A5F4Cb1

42 2A5F4Cb2

43 2A5F4Cb3

44 2A5F4Cb4

45 2A5F5Aa1

46 2A5F5Aa2

47 2A5F5Aa3

48 2A5F5Aa4

49 2A5F5Aa5

50 2A5F5Aa6

51 2A5F5Aa7

52 2A5F5Aa8

53 2A5F5Aa9

54 2A5F5Ab1

55 2A5F5Ab2

56 2A5F5Ab3

57 2A5F5Ab4

58 2A5F5Ab5

59 2A5F5Ab6

60 2A5F5Ab7

61 2A5F5Ac1

62 2A5F5Ac2

63 2A5F5Ac3

64 2A5F5Ac4

65 2A5F5Ac5

66 2A5F5Ad1

67 2A5F5Ad2

68 2A5F5Ad3

69 2A5F5Ba1

28

70 2A5F5Ba2

71 2A5F5Ba3

72 2A5F5Ba4

73 2A5F5Ba5

74 2A5F5Bb1

75 2A5F5Bb2

76 2A5F5Bb3

77 2A5F5Bb4

78 2A5F5Bb5

79 2A5F5Bb6

80 2A5F5Bb7

81 2A5F5Bb8

82 2A5F5Bb9

83 2A5F5Bc1

84 2A5F5Bc2

85 2A5F5Bc3

86 2A5F5Bc4

87 2A5F5Bc5

88 2A5F5Bc6

89 2A5F5Bc7

90 2A5F5Bc8

91 2A5F5Bc9

92 2A5F5Bd1

93 2A5F5Bd10

94 2A5F5Bd11

95 2A5F5Bd12

96 2A5F5Bd13

97 2A5F5Bd2

98 2A5F5Bd3

99 2A5F5Bd4

100 2A5F5Bd5

101 2A5F5Bd6

102 2A5F5Bd7

103 2A5F5Bd8

104 2A5F5Bd9

Source: Bihar Remote Sensing Application Centre (BRSAC)

29

1.2 Demography

Kishanganj district has a total geographical area of 188682.34 ha covering 126 Gram panchayats

and 772 villages. Block wise details of geographical area, no. of Panchayats and no. of Villages

are as under:-

Table 1.2.1: Block wise Panchayat and Village, District Kishanganj.

S.No. Name of Block Total Geographical Area (ha)

No. of

Panchayat No. of village

1 Kishanganj 14981.44 10 72

2 Kochadhaman 28357.83 24 150

3 Bahadurganj 27168.58 20 106

4 Dighalbank 25235.48 16 81

5 Thakurganj 38782.63 22 133

6 Pothia 35033.44 22 148

7 Terhagachh 19122.94 12 82

Total 188682.34 126 772


30

FIG 1.7: VILLAGE BOUNDARY AND DRAINAGE NETWORK, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

31

FIG 1.8: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, KISHANGANJ BLOCK

32

FIG 1.9: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK,BAHADURGANJ BLOCK

33

FIG 1.10: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK

34

FIG 1.11: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, DIGHALBANK BLOCK

35

FIG 1.12: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, POTHIA BLOCK

36

FIG 1.13: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK

37

FIG 1.14: VILLAGE BOUNDARY WITH DRAINAGE NETWORK, THAKURGANJ BLOCK

38

The total population of Kishanganj District is 1690400, out of which the Schedule casts comprise

113178 (6.69%), Schedule Tribes 64224 (3.79%), other backward and general castes 1459058

(86.31%). According to census 2011 of the total population, there are 866970 males and 823430

females with a sex ratio of 1000:950. Kochadhaman block has the highest population while

Terhagachh block has the lowest population. Population details of the district are as under:-

Table 1.2.2 Details of Population in Kishanganj District

S.No Name of Block Population

Male

1

Female

2

SC

3

ST

4

OBC/GN

5

TOTAL

(1+2)

1 Kishanganj 124694 116440 20743 5454 214937 241134

2 Kochadhaman 151357 140767 24922 2549 264653 292124

3 Bahadurganj 125771 127811 14348 6440 332794 253582

4 Dighalbank 106454 101902 12979 13552 181885 208356

5 Thakurganj 150180 141491 15106 15773 206792 291671

6 Pothia 135774 126720 9671 17170 235653 262494

7 Terhagachh 72740 68299 15409 3286 122344 141039

Total 866970 823430 113178 64224 1559058 1690400

Source: Census of India 2011

FIG 1.15: BLOCK WISE MALE & FEMALE POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

39

FIG 1.16: BLOCK WISE CATEGORY WISW POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

There are total 338445 households in the district out of which 24357 (7.19%) are SC, 14225

(4.20%) are ST and remaining 299863 HH (88.60%) are from OBC and General category. The

block wise details of households are as under:-

Table 1.2.3: Details of Household in Kishanganj District S.No Name of Block No. of Household

SC ST OBC/GN TOTAL

1 Kishanganj 4394 1198 41664 47256

2 Kochadhaman 5363 556 51118 57037

3 Bahadurganj 3078 1450 48046 94512

4 Dighalbank 2923 3033 36425 189024

5 Thakurganj 3190 3389 51335 378048

6 Pothia 2120 3904 46678 756096

7 Terhagachh 3289 695 24597 1512192

Total 24357 14225 299863 3024384

Source: Census of India 2011

40

FIG 1.17: BLOCK WISE NO. OF HOUSEHOLD DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

It may be noted from the table that the proportion of schedule caste is much low accounting for

7.19 per cent as compared to state's average (16 per cent). This means that there is sizable

proportion of socially and economically backward people in the district. However, the proportion

of scheduled tribes is negligible in the district (4.20 percent) and the state (1.3 percent) as well.

Another important aspect in regard to demographic indicator is the infant mortality rate which is

high in both Kishanganj district and Bihar. The population density of the district is high (897.2

person per sq. Km) as compared to state average of 1106 persons per sq. km. As such, there is

high pressure of population on land which is one of the causes for poor socio-economic condition

in the rural areas. Being highly ruralised district such high density of population puts a syndrome

of under-development of the district.

1.3 Biomass & Livestock

The term livestock includes cattle Cows, Bulls, Draft Animals, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats and

Pigs. Livestock is very important in a district like Kishanganj with a predominantly agricultural

economy. Cows and Buffaloes are used for milching purpose. The usual fodder for the cattle

consists of scanty grass which grows along the road side and weeds spring up after harvesting of

crops. High breed livestock of animals are still needed here. The government has taken up various

measures to improve the breed of the cattle. For improvement of the quality of breed artificial

insemination centers have been set up. Cattle fairs and shows are held annually at seven block.

41

A number of veterinary hospitals and dispensaries including the artificial insemination

centers are functioning at various places in the district for general welfare of the animals.

Considerable attention has been paid to poultry development in different community development

blocks in the district.

Table 1.3.1: Small animal population in Kishanganj District

s.no Name of

Block

Small Animals Poultry

(No) Ducks

No. Pigs No.

Goats No.

sheeps No.

Total

1 Terhagachh 45253 2915 769 36043 9 84989

2 Bahadurganj 117718 4013 1449 75498 34 198712

3 Thakurganj 86650 1210 2692 70943 11 161506

4 Pothia 156469 1833 2765 70327 0 231394

5 Dighalbank 46306 1262 932 68372 0 116872

6 Kochadhaman 167634 1460 1026 48770 16 218906

7 Kishanganj 62010 864 2377 25394 0 90645

Total 682040 13557 12010 395347 70 1103024

Source: 19th

Animal Census (AHD) District Kishanganj 2012-13

FIG 1.18: BLOCK WISE SMALL ANIMAL POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

42

Table 1.3.2: Large animal population in Kishanganj District

s. no

Name of Block

Large Animals

Total Indigenous cow(No.)

Hybrid cow(No.)

In descriptive Buffalalo

(No.)

Hybrid Buffalalo

(No.)

Draft Animal (Buffalo/Yak/bulls any other (No.)

1 Kishanganj 25872 437 11574 2435 1205 41523

2 Terhagachh 24409 305 16664 4319 1489 47186

3 Bahadurganj 52379 3558 36801 5993 1840 100571

4 Thakurganj 40698 1744 24046 5028 3961 75477

5 Pothia 43461 772 26270 1922 3001 75426

6 Dighalbank 32658 5212 15562 10592 3947 67971

7 Kochadhaman 34851 14 17618 1998 735 55216

Total 254328 12042 148535 32287 16178 463370

Source: 19

th Animal Census (AHD) District Kishanganj 2012-13

FIG 1.19: BLOCK WISE LARGE ANIMAL POPULATION DETAILS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

43

1.4 Agro-Ecology

According to the Planning Commission Classification, the State as demarcated now falls in middle-

Gangetic Plains region. ICAR's agro-ecological division puts it under the hot sub-humid ecosystem.

Based on more desagregated classification, the state is divided into three agro-climatic sub-zones.

These are north-west Gangetic plains (Zone I), north-east Gangetic Plains (Zone II) and the South-

Bihar Plains (Zone-III). Kishanganj district falls under agro-climatic zone II (ICAR notification).

1.5 Climate In summer the climate of the district is hot and dry but winter is quite cool and pleasant. Winter

comes towards the middle of October after the rains are over. The temperature begins falling and

January is the coldest month of the year with mercury falling to about 5C.

Table 1.5.1: Block wise details of temperature in Kishanganj District

Sl. No.

Name of Block

Average Weekly Temperature (*C)

Summer (April-May) Winter (Oct.- Mar) Rainy (June -Sep)

Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Mean

1 2 3 4 5

1 Kishanganj 22.30 40.9 31.6 7.1 27 17.05 28.2 40.1 34.15

2 Kochadhaman 23.20 39.3 31.25 6.9 28.9 17.9 29.4 41.4 35.4

3 Pothia 21.80 36.5 29.15 6.6 27.2 16.9 27.2 36.9 32.05

4 Bahadurganj 22.40 38.8 30.6 7.2 29.1 18.15 29.8 40.2 35

5 Thakurganj 18.40 35.9 27.15 3.8 25.9 14.85 26.4 35.3 30.85

6 Dighalbank 19.60 37.6 28.65 5.5 26.8 16.15 27.5 37.2 32.35

7 Terhagachh 20.70 36.4 28.55 5.3 26.9 16.1 27.9 38.3 33.1

Total 148.40 265.40 206.95 42.40 191.80 117.10 196.40 269.40 232.90

Source: District Statistical Office District Kishanganj.

1.6 Hydrology

Kishanganj district falls in agro-climatic Sub-Zone II. The average annual rainfall in the Kishanganj

district is 2250 mm. This is just sufficient for the type of agriculture practiced traditionally in this

district. Due to changing climate situation, the district faces erratic monsoon behaviour. Frequent

drought due to low rainfall (1300-1900 mm) is witnessed every alternate year. More than 90% of the

total precipitation occurs during Monsoon season (June-September). Approximately 60-70 per cent

of the total precipitation received during the monsoon goes to main streams as runoff due to poor

runoff management practices.

Table 1.6.1: Average annual rainfall of District Kishanganj.

S.No. Years Annual Rainfall (mm) Average Monthly

Rainfall (mm) No. of Rainy days

(No.)

1 2010 1815.86 363.00 96

2 2011 1357.64 271.53 93

3 2012 1923.41 384.68 103

4 2013 1647.01 329.40 90

5 2014 1344.74 268.95 84

6 2015 2066.38 413.28 105

7 2016 1415.30 283.06 88

Source: District Statistical Office District Kishanganj.

44

FIG 1.20: YEAR WISE ANNUAL RAINFALL, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

FIG 1.21: YEAR WISE AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

45

FIG 1.22: YEAR WISE NO. OF RAINY DAYS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

The rivers that flow through the district are Mahananda, Mechi, Kankai, Western Kankai, Budhi

Kankai, Kock, Nega and Ratua. Due to failure of monsoon these rivers remain dry for the major part

of the year. But following the incidence of rainfall in their catchment basins the rivers swell up into

rushing torrents and discharge the rainwater very quickly within hours through their sloping beds.

The irrigation network of canal system is fully dependent on the availability of water in the rivers. In

recent years these rivers remain devoid of water causing canal systems defunct.

1.7 Topography and Drainage

The natural system of drainage of the district is characterised by two oddities against human

settlements. High runoff rate and absence of humus in soil create difficulties in agronomical

practices and second, occurrence of splash floods in some parts of the district. Traditionally runoff

management structures like Ahars (storage), Pynes (waterways) have been constructed to conserve

the surface runoff, but these are very less in numbers. These structures have low storage capacities

due to siltation and lack of proper maintenance.

Land in the district is more or less plane with gentle slope in certain areas. Slope range wise area of

the district is being presented in Table 1.7.1

46

Table 1.7.1: Block wise Land Slope, District Kishanganj.

Sl. No. Name of Block Land Slope

Total (ha)

0-3% (ha) 3-8% (ha) 8-25% (ha) >25% (ha)

1 Kishanganj 14850 131.44 0 0 14981.44

2 Kochadhaman 28100 257.83 0 0 28357.83

3 Bahadurganj 26903 265.54 0 0 27168.54

4 Thakurganj 38465 317.83 0 0 38782.83

5 Pothia 34840 193.44 0 0 35033.44

6 Terhagachh 19010 112.94 0 0 19122.94

7 Dighalbank 25090 145.48 0 0 25235.48


47

FIG 1.23: LAND SLOPE MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

48

FIG 1.24: LAND SLOPE MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOCK

49

FIG 1.25: LAND SLOPE MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK.

50

FIG 1.26: LAND SLOPE MAP, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK.

51

FIG 1.27: LAND SLOPE MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK.

52

FIG 1.28: LAND SLOPE MAP, POTHIA BLOCK.

53

FIG 1.29: LAND SLOPE MAP, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK.

54

FIG 1.30 : LAND SLOPE MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK.

1.8 Geomorphology and Soils

55

Geomorphologically the district consists of a flat alluvial terrain. The soils can be broadly sandy

Loam. The soil consists chiefly of loam with a small proportion of sand and clay (kewal). In general

soil of the area are marked by very thin humus presence which decreases soil moisture regime. The

soils of this tract are rich in nitrogen and calcium and thus are fertile. Area under major soil type in

the district is being presented in Table 1.8.1

1.8.1: Soil Type in Kishanganj District.

Sl.

No. Name of Block

Major Soil Type

Sandy Loam (ha)

1 Kishanganj 14981.44

2 Kochadhaman 28357.83

3 Bahadurganj 27168.54

4 Thakurganj 38782.83

5 Pothia 35033.44

6 Terhagachh 19122.94

7 Dighalbank 25235.48

Total 188682.5

Source: District Agriculture Office (DAO) district Kishanganj.

56

FIG 1.31: BLOCK WISE MAJOR SOIL TYPE AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

57

FIG 1.32: SOIL MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

58

FIG 1.33: SOIL MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOCK

59

FIG 1.34: SOIL MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK

60

FIG 1.35: SOIL MAP, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK

61

FIG 1.36: SOIL MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK

62

FIG 1.3: SOIL MAP, POTHIA BLOCK

63

FIG 1.38: SOIL MAP, TERHAGACHH BLOCK

64

FIG 1.39: SOIL MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK

65

1.9 Land use pattern

High rural population density implies intensive land use. 78 per cent of geographical area put under

cultivation in the district. The area under forest is approximately 0.14 percent which is very low as

compared to about 7 per cent in the state. Permanent pastures and grazing land have lost area and so

have current and permanent fallows. Marginal lands (cultivable and uncultivable waste lands under

village commons) is about 0.96 per cent which can be brought under cultivation with proper land

improvement programme. To cater the demand of food and fuel for overgrowing population the

cultivable land and vegetative cover of the area are constantly over exploited without giving any

proper soil management practices. It has created a frazile eco system in the district which needs to

be given priority for rejuvenation. The area is marked by lack of humus in the soil, lack of

vegetative cover and lack of soil moisture regime. The land use pattern of the district is being

presented in Table 1.9.1

66

Table 1.9.1 Land Use Pattern in Kishanganj District

S.no Name of the

Block

No. Of Gram

Panchayat

No. Of Villages Covered

Total Geographical

Area

Area under Aguriculture

Area under Forest

Area under Wasteland

Area under other uses

Gross cropped Area (1)

Net Sown

Area (2)

Area Sown more than once (1-2)

Cropping Intensity (%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Kishanganj 10 72 14981.4 17665.9 10188.4 7477.42 173.4 2 340.54 4450.47

Bahadurganj 20 106 27168.5 29360.5 21963.4 7397.08 133.7 0 164.49 5040.67

Dighalbank 16 81 25235.5 22420.2 17419.3 5000.89 128.7 0 468.5 7348.21

kochadhaman 24 150 28357.8 16957.1 16906.4 50.76 100.3 187.42 116.87 11147.2

Thakurganj 22 133 38782.8 23671.8 21071.9 2599.85 112.3 43.84 274.06 17393

Pothia 22 148 35033.4 24744.9 24639.9 104.94 100.4 0 150.84 10242.7

Terhagachh 12 82 19122.9 12649.7 10703.5 1946.15 118.2 41.22 304.62 8374.73

Total 126 772 188683 147470 122893 24577.1 123.857 274.48 1819.92 63996.9


67

S

FIG 1.40: BLOCK WISE AREA UNDER AGRICULTURE LAND, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

FIG 1.41: BLOCK WISE OTHER LAND, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

68

FIG 1.42: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

69

FIG 1.43: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KISHANGANJ BLOCK

70

FIG 1.44: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, BAHADURGANJ BLOCK.

71

S

FIG 1.45: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, KOCHADHAMAN BLOCK

72

FIG 1.46: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, DIGHALBANK BLOCK

73

FIG 1.47: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, POTHIA BLOCK.

74

FIG 1.48: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, TEDHAGACHH BLOCK

75

FIG 1.49: LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP, THAKURGANJ BLOCK

76

Chapter-II

District Water Profile

Soil and water are the two basic needs for crop production. The cruciality of irrigation as a basic

input to agricultural production can hardly be denied. Its significance has been evidenced after the

advent of green revolution, the basis of agricultural break-through in the 20th Century. Controlled

and regular supply of irrigation water is the most essential factor for rejuvenating agricultural

production.

Nature has been very generous towards Bihar endowing it with abundance of both surface and

ground water. However, the potential of this endowment has not been fully utilized particularly for

irrigation purposes. This calls for irrigation or water management in the state. So far as irrigation is

concerned it has better situation in the south Bihar than north Bihar. The proportion of net irrigated

area in South Bihar region is about 61 per cent whereas in the sub-zones of North Bihar namely,

North-West and North-East alluvial plains its proportion is 29.7 and 8.8 per cent respectively.

2.1 Area Wise, Crop wise Irrigation Status

The district comes under rainfed area under of South Bihar. Agriculture practices in large area of the

district are still fully dependent on rainfall. The canal system and other irrigation sources are

dependent on rainfall. Erratic and low rainfall behaviour affects the groundwater recharge to a great

extent and thus reduces the discharge of tube wells which are major source of irrigation in the

district. Vast gap between irrigation potential created and utilized is being observed in the district.

As per the available statistics, 46.82 per cent of the gross cropped area of Kishanganj district is

irrigated as shown in table 2.1.1. This means there is still high scope to increase the irrigation level

in the district from agricultural development point of view. One of the most disquieting features of

agricultural development in the district can be noted from its low productivity. This is a matter of

serious concern which should be looked into.

77

Table 2.1.1: Area-Wise Crop-Wise Irrigation Status of Kishanganj district

Sl N.

Crop Type

Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Horticulture & Platation Crops

(ha)

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated (3+6+9)

Rainfed (4+7+10)

Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 Cereals

46495 0 46495 48828 0 48828 0 0 0 95323 0 95323 0 0 0

2

Coarse Cereals

0 3500 3500 16049 0 16049 677 0 677 16726 3500 20226 0 0 0

3 Pulses 0 1250 1250 0 2684 2684 13724 0 13724 13724 3934 17658 0 0 0

4 Oil Seeds

0 700 700 5803 0 5803 878 0 878 6681 700 7381 0 0 0

5 Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33000 33000 0 33000 33000 0 0 0

6 Any other Crops

0 811 811 943 0 943 0 0 0 943 811 1754 10252 0 10252

Total 46495 6261 52756 71623 2684 74307 15279 33000 48279 133397 41945 175342 10252 0 10252

Source: District Agriculture office (DAO) , Kishanganj

78

FIG 2.1: CROP WISE IRRIGATION STATUS, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT


79


80

District- KISHANGANJ Table 2.1.2 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Kishanganj

S.no Copy Type

Kharif (Area in ha) Rabi (Area in ha) Summer Crop (Area in ha) Total (Area in ha) Horticulture & Plantation

Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 10078 0 10078 5112 0 5112 0 0 0 15190 0 15190 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals

0 170 170 3195 0 3195 81 0 81 3276 170 3446 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 120 120 0 345 345 1881 0 1881 1881 465 2346 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds

0 76 76 645 0 645 95 0 95 740 76 816 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4700 4700 0 4700 4700 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops

0 58 58 91 0 91 0 0 0 91 58 149 961 0 961

Total 10078 424 10502 9043 345 9388 2057 4700 6757 21178 5469 26647 961 0 961

Source: District Agriculture office (DAO), Kishanganj

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81

Table 2.1.3 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Kochadhaman

S.no Copy Type


Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 13047 0 13047 8726 0 8726 0 0 0 21773 0 21773 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals 0 795 795 2166 0 2166 105 0 105 2271 795 3066 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 261 261 0 498 498 2245 0 2245 2245 759 3004 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds 0 145 145 1263 0 1263 195 0 195 1458 145 1603 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5400 5400 0 5400 5400 0 0 0

6 F) Any

otherCrops 0 178 178 198 0 198 0 0 0 198 178 376 1268 0 1268

13047 1379 14426 12353 498 12851 2545 5400 7945 27945 7277 35222 1268 0 1268


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82

Table 2.1.4 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Bahadurganj

S.no Copy Type


Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 11724 0 11724 7511 0 7511 0 0 0 19235 0 ##### 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals 0 525 525 1998 0 1998 98 0 98 2096 525 2621 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 177 177 0 445 445 1815 0 1815 1815 622 2437 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds 0 106 106 891 0 891 118 0 118 1009 106 1115 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5050 5050 0 5050 5050 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops 0 135 135 148 0 148 0 0 0 148 135 283 1058 0 1058

11724 943 12667 10548 445 ##### 2031 5050 7081 24303 6438 ##### 1058 0 1058


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83

Table 2.1.5 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Dighalbank

S.no Copy Type

Kharif (Area in ha) Rabi (Area in ha) Summer Crop (Area in

ha) Total (Area in ha)

Horticulture & Plantation Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 11646 0 11646 6235 0 6235 0 0 0 17881 0 17881 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals

0 1050 1050 3845 0 3845 135 0 135 3980 1050 5030 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 152 152 0 366 366 2098 0 2098 2098 518 2616 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds

0 91 91 667 0 667 112 0 112 779 91 870 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5150 5150 0 5150 5150 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops

0 113 113 126 0 126 0 0 0 126 113 239 798 0 798

Total 11646 1406 13052 10873 366 11239 2345 5150 7495 24864 6922 31786 798 0 798


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84

Table 2.1.6 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Thakurganj

S.no Copy Type


Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 11610 0 11610 7901 0 7901 0 0 0 19511 0 19511 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals

0 350 350 1545 0 1545 76 0 76 1621 350 1971 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 157 157 0 366 366 1988 0 1988 1988 523 2511 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds

0 94 94 815 0 815 132 0 132 947 94 1041 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4950 4950 0 4950 4950 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops

0 127 127 134 0 134 0 0 0 134 127 261 3046 0 3046

Total 11610 728 12338 10395 366 10761 2196 4950 7146 24201 6044 30245 3046 0 3046


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85

Table 2.1.7 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Pothia

S.no Copy Type

Kharif (Area in ha) Rabi (Area in ha) Summer Crop (Area in

ha) Total (Area in ha)

Horticulture & Plantation Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 12895 0 12895 7883 0 7883 0 0 0 20778 0 20778 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals

0 385 385 1112 0 1112 79 0 79 1191 385 1576 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 192 192 0 361 361 1921 0 1921 1921 553 2474 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds

0 100 100 846 0 846 128 0 128 974 100 1074 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5050 5050 0 5050 5050 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops

0 95 95 121 0 121 0 0 0 121 95 216 2627 0 2627

Total 12895 772 13667 9962 361 10323 2128 5050 7178 24985 6183 31168 2627 0 2627


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86

Table 2.1.8 Area- Wise Crop- Wise Irrigation Status : Block- Terhagachh

S.no Copy Type


Crops (Area in ha)


Rainfed (5+8+11)


1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 A) Cereals 12000 0 12000 5460 0 5460 0 0 0 17460 0 17460 0 0 0

2 B) Coarse Cereals

0 225 225 2188 0 2188 103 0 103 2291 225 2516 0 0 0

3 C) Pulses 0 191 191 0 303 303 1776 0 1776 1776 494 2270 0 0 0

4 D) Oil seeds

0 88 88 676 0 676 98 0 98 774 88 862 0 0 0

5 E) Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2700 2700 0 2700 2700 0 0 0

6 F) Any otherCrops

0 105 105 125 0 125 0 0 0 125 105 230 494 0 494

Total 12000 609 12609 8449 303 8752 1977 2700 4677 22426 3612 26038 494 0 494


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87

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops

Rice and wheat together claim nearly 80 per cent of the gross cropped area of the district. The five

cereals (rice, wheat, maize, barley and other cereals) occupied 71.16 per cent and have little area for

pulses (21.14 per cent) an important group of food grains crops. Oilseeds (3.11 per cent) have a

minor presence and so as non-food crops. As such, the crops which can generate higher value for

crops have little presence in the district meaning thereby very less crop diversification may be seen.

These data and comparison with national figures suggest that small farm size and high subsistence

pressure has forced low-value subsistence crops in the district lands even though these have high

potential. This is marked by low productivity and limited diversification to higher value crops due to

a number of technical and socio-economic constraints. The result of the cropping pattern further

reveals the rigidity over time and continued dominance of subsistence crop. However, taking into

account the state as a whole, there are variations in preferences of crop due to soil suitability and

other location-specific factors. In nutshell, it can be said that Bihar's agricultural economy is

predominantly food grains economy and Kishanganj district is not exception to it. The production

and productivity of major crops in the district are being presented in Table 2.2.1

88

Table 2.2.1: Production and Productivity of Major Crops, District: Kishanganj S.

No Seasons Crop Sown (ha) Rainfed Irrigated Total

Cereals Coarse Cereals

Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area

Production

(qtl/yr)

Productivity or yield

(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 83000 3500 1250 700 0 811 89595 108841 1588 17539.4 6595 2647168 3200 32550 83000 5658009 89595

2 Rabi 49523 16147 2714 6033 0 1330 75961 13780 500 14500 2756 2061420 2800 32125 66712 2075290 75961

3 Summer/ Garma

0 1622 11995 878 36004 0 50499 471075 1500 38670 35950 947555.5 633 7769 14551 634036 50499

4 Horticulture & Platation

Crops

0 0 0 0 0 10762 10762 0 0 0 0 2152400 20000 80000 10762 2152400 10762

Total 132523 21269 15959 7611 36004 12903 226817 593696 45301 7808544 175025 10519735 226817

Source: District Agriculture office (DAO), Kishanganj.

89

FIG 2.4: SEASON WISE CROP SOWN AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT FIG 2.5: SEASON WISE PRODUCTIVITY, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT.

90

Table 2.2.2: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Kishanganj, District : Kishanganj S.

No Seasons Crop Sown (ha) Rainfed Irrigated Total


Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Productivity or yield (Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivation

(Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 10078 170 120 76 0 58 10502 5694 1342 15288 424 322496 3200 32550 10078 3230190 10502

2 Rabi 5112 3195 345 645 0 91 9297 1725 500 14500 345 272525 3044 33215 8952 274250 9297

3 Summer/Garma

0 81 1881 95 4700 0 6757 70500 1500 38670 4700 11262.5 548 7885 2059 81763 6757

4 Horticulture &

Plantation Crops (ha)

0 0 0 0 0 961 961 0 0 0 0 192200 20000 80000 961 192200 961

Total 15190 3446 2346 816 4700 1110 27517 77919 5469 798483.5 22050 3778403 27517


Table 2.2.3: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Kochadhaman, District : Kishanganj. S.

No.

Seasons Crop Sown Rainfed Irrigated Total


Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production

(qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivation

(Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 130477 795 261 145 0 178 14426 22807 1654 18026 1379 417504 3200 32550 13047 4403111 14426

2 Rabi 8726 2166 428 1263 0 198 12781 2140 500 14500 428 346115 2801 30799 12353 348255 12781

3 Summer/ Garma

0 1050 2245 195 5400 0 8890 8100 1500 38670 5400 32713 936 7860 3490 113713 8890

4 Horticulture &


0 0 0 0 0 1266 1266 0 0 0 0 253200 20000 80000 1266 253200 1266

Total 139203 4011 2934 1603 5400 1642 37363 33047 7207 1049532 30156 5118279 37363


91

Table 2.2.4: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Bahadurganj.

District : Kishanganj S.

No Seasons Crop Sown Rainfed Irrigated Total


Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production

(qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production

(qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production

(qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 11724 525 177 106 0 135 12667 15266 1619 17666 943 375168 3200 32550 11724 390434 12667

2 Rabi 6206 1998 445 891 0 135 10980 2225 500 14500 445 289675 2750 32120 10535 291900 10980

3 Summer/Garma

0 98 1815 118 5050 0 7081 75750 1500 38670 5050 11330 558 7855 2031 87080 7081

4 Horticulture &


0 0 0 0 0 1058 1058 0 0 0 0 211600 20000 80000 1058 211600 1058

Total 17930 2621 2437 1115 5050 1328 31786 93241 6438 887773 25348 981014 31786


Table 2.2.5: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Dighalbank District : Kishanganj S.

No. Seasons Crop Sown Rainfed Irrigated Total


Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production

(qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivation (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 11646 1050 152 91 0 113 13052 28265 2010 20816 1406 372672 3200 32550 11646 400937 13052

2 Rabi 6235 3845 366 667 0 126 11239 1830 500 14500 366 355295 3268 33636 10813 357125 11239

3 Summer/ Garma

0 135 2098 112 5750 0 8095 86250 1500 38670 5750 13470 574 7881 2345 99720 8095

4 Horticulture & Plantation

Crops (ha)

0 0 0 0 0 746 746 0 0 0 0 149200 20000 80000 746 149200 746

Total 17881 5030 2616 870 5750 985 33132 116345 7522 890637 25550 1006982 33132


92

Table 2.2.6: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Thakurganj




Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivation

(Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 11610 350 157 94 0 127 12338 10082 1385 16385 728 371520 3200 32550 11610 381602 12338

2 Rabi 7901 1545 366 815 0 134 10761 1830 500 14500 366 270685 2604 31825 10395 272515 10761

3 Summer/Garma 0 76 1988 132 4950 0 7146 74250 1500 38760 4950 11790 537 7850 2196 86040 7146

4 Horticulture & Plantation Crops (ha)

0 0 0 0 0 3046 3046 0 0 0 0 609200 20000 80000 3046 609200 3046

Total 19511 1971 2511 1041 4950 3307 33291 86162 6044 1263195 27247 1349357 33291


93

Table 2.2.7: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Pothia




Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


(Kgs/ha)

Cost of Cultivati

on (Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 12895 385 192 100 0 95 13667 11461 1485 16859 772 412640 3200 32550 12895 424101 13667

2 Rabi 8883 1112 361 846 0 121 10323 1805 500 14500 361 237450 2384 31156 9962 239255 10323

3 Summer/ Garma

0 79 192 128 5050 0 5449 75750 1500 38670 5050 2860 717 7198 399 78610 5449

4 Horticulture & Plantation

Crops (ha)

0 0 0 0 0 2627 2627 0 0 0 0 525400 20000 80000 2627 525400 2627

Total 21778 1576 745 1074 5050 2843 32066 89016 6183 1178350 25883 1267366 32066


Table 2.2.8: Production and Productivity of major crops, Block Tedhagachh.




Pulses Oil Seeds

Fibre Crops

Any other Crops

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivation

(Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)


Cost of Cultivation

(Rs./ha)

Total Area (ha)

Production (qtl/yr)

Total Area (ha)

1 Kharif 12000 225 191 88 0 105 12943 15266 1619 175168 943 375168 3200 32550 12000 390434 12943

2 Rabi 6460 2286 403 906 0 525 10580 2225 500 14500 445 289675 2750 32120 10535 291990 10580

3 Summer/Garma 0 103 1776 98 5104 0 7081 7575 1500 38670 5050 11330 558 7855 2031 87080 7081

4 Horticulture & Plantation Crops (ha)

0 0 0 0 0 1058 1058 0 0 0 0 211600 20000 80000 1058 211600 1058

Total 18460 2614 2370 1092 5104 1688 31662 25066 6438 887773 25624 981104 31662


94

2.3 Irrigation Based Classification

Agricultural activity in the district is by and large confined to the traditional kharif

cultivation depending primarily on monsoon rainfall and rabi cultivation in localized

patches where irrigation facilities are available. The major kharif crops grown are

paddy, maize while among the rabi crops wheat, pulses and mustard are important. As

per available statistics, out of the gross cropped area of 188682.5 hectares, 179858

hectares are irrigated by different sources of irrigation e.g. tubewells, dugwells, canals

and tanks.

Table 2.3.1: Irrigation based Classification in Kishanganj district.

S.No. Name of Block

Irrigated area (ha) Gross Rainfed Area (ha)

Gross Irrigated

Area

Net Irrigated

Area

Partially Irrigated / Protective Irrigation

Un-Irrigated or Totally Rainfed

Total

1 Kishanganj 22876.38 19616.99 1569.28 10078.56 11647.84

2 Kochadhaman 27500.86 13773.75 929.29 13047.38 13976.67

3 Pothia 25790.58 18619.08 1945.26 12895.27 14840.53

4 Bahadurganj 25300.66 14944.49 1619.26 11724.56 13343.82

5 Thakurganj 25309.79 13507.68 1893.3 11610.39 13503.69

6 dighalbank 24645.68 13105.66 784.8 11646.23 12431.03

7 Terhagachh 25285.78 12605.79 1450.2 12000.69 13450.89

Total 176709.73 106173.44 10191.39 83003.08 93194.47


FIG 2.6: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

95

Table 2.3.2: Irrigated and Unirrigated Area Kharif season in Kishanganj district S.No. Name of Block Total Sown

Area (ha) Irrigated Area (ha) %

1 Kishanganj 10502 10078 95.96% 424 4.03%

2 Kochadhaman 14426 13047 90.44% 1379 9.55%

3 Bahadurganj 12667 11724 92.55% 943 7.44%

4 Dighalbank 13052 11646 89.22% 1406 10.77%

5 Thakurganj 12338 11610 94.09% 728 5.90%

6 Pothia 13667 12895 94.35% 772 5.65%

7 Tedhagachh 12943 12000 92.71% 943 7.28%

Total 89595 83000 6595


FIG 2.7: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA OF KHARIF SEASON, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

96

FIG 2.7: BLOCK WISE IRRIGATED & RAINFED AREA OF KHARIF SEASON, KISHANGANJ DISTRICT

97

Table 2.3.3: Irrigated and Unirrigated Area Rabi season in Kishanganj district

S.No. Name of Block Total Sown Area

Documents

Sri Pankaj Dixit, I.A.S Dated: 2016 - Pradhan Mantri Krishi ... Officer and General Manager Jila Udyog Kendra for their support in all aspects. I am thankful to members of District