SSB and Community Resilience - National Oceanic and ... · SSB and Community Resilience Social Sciences ... Graying of the Fleet: A Bi -coastal ... The role of oral histories in the

SSB and Community Resilience

Social Sciences Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543

Pictured above: Stonington, ME http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2012/05/images/2011-09-27RHawk0957NOAATripNE.jpg

NEFSC Economics and Human Dimensions Science Program Review May 1-4, 2017

NOAA’s Vision for Communities

Healthy and resilient ecosystems, communities, and economies

NOAA Next Generation Strategic Plan NOAA Annual Guidance Memorandum (2016-2020) NMFS National Climate Science Strategy Northeast Regional Climate Action Plan GARFO Strategic Plan

NMFS & Fishing Communities

PLACE-BASED: National Standard 8 “…provide for the sustained participation of such communities [fishing communities as defined in the MSA], and to the extent practicable, minimize adverse economic impacts on such communities.”

INTEREST-BASED: SEC. 303. CONTENTS OF FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLANS (also includes PLACE-BASED) • 303(a)(9) - “participants in the fisheries” • 303(b)(6) – incl. participation in the fishery (current and historical) [can be

grouped by e.g., day vs. trip boats, gear type, target species], cultural and social framework, fair and equitable distribution of access privileges in the fishery

SSB Contributions to Understanding Community Resilience

• National • Ongoing projects begun in Northeast that spread nationally • Other national projects

• Northeast region

• Ongoing Northeast projects • One-off Northeast projects

Ongoing projects begun in the Northeast that spread nationally

• Fisheries Performance Measures* • Voices from the Fisheries oral history archive • Community Social Vulnerability Indicators

* Addressed in later session

Fishery Performance Indicators

• Financial viability • Distributional outcomes • Stewardship • Governance • Well-being

U.S. Department of Commerce | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAA Fisheries | Page 6


Voices from the Fisheries

University of Chicago intern Kelly Peyton interviews 11th generation Martha’s Vineyarder Jonathan

Mayhew at his home in Chilmark Phot credit: Joshua Wrigley

• Sharing platform for oral histories • 53 online collections • 848 interviews available • Local Fisheries Knowledge (LFK) Project • Student Participation

Voices from the Fisheries Website

http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/humandimensions/voices-from-the-fisheries/

Community Social Vulnerability Indicators (CSVIs)


3,800 communities

24 states

75 variables

7 secondary sources

13 indices (PCA)

commercial and/or recreational fishing

http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/humandimensions/social-indicators/index

CSVI Mapping Tool Website


High

Medium High

Medium

Low

Vulnerability Level

http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/humandimensions/social-indicators/index

CSVIs: Commercial vs Recreational Reliance


Other National Projects


• Community Profiles • Community Snapshots

Community Profiles

• Created in 2007 • 177 communities • Each profile covers:

• People and Places, • Infrastructure, • Involvement in Northeast

Fisheries, and • The Future.


Community Snapshots


• Created in 2013 • Fishery data to be

updated annually. Census data as available.

• Each snapshot covers: • Involvement in fishing, • Demographic

attributes

Ongoing Northeast Projects

• Oral history collections • Crew-Owner Surveys • Economic geography • Seafood Networks*

*Addressed in later session

Oral History Collections


• Began with a focus on women • Impact of groundfish sectors (catch shares) • Long Island, NY fishermen and climate change • Ethnographic Interviews with managers of

groundfish sectors • Rising age of fishermen “Graying of the Fleet” --

highlighted

Graying of the Fleet Bi-coastal examination of the “graying of the

fleet” and the relationship to catch shares management

New England, North Pacific and Pacific fisheries

Oral Histories from fishermen, businesses and

families

Crew and Owner Surveys

• Focus on performance measures: • Financial viability • Distributional outcomes • Stewardship; • Governance; • Well-being


Crew Owner Who? Hired captains,

deckhands, cooks, mechanics

Vessel owners

When 2012-2013

2013-2014

Surveys 401 intercept 160 mail, online

• Key results: • High reliance on fishing for HH income • Believe involvement with management is important, but only owners actually involved • Strong commitment to fishing and fellow fishermen • Low levels of trust in management

Economic Geography of Scallops

Questions: • How has geographic concentration of the industry changed over

the past twenty years? • How do changes in biomass and available fishing locations

impact ports, infrastructure, and communities? Methods: • Descriptive indices; Local Indicators of Spatial Association • Time-series and panel econometrics.



Overview of the Study Area

Economic Geography of Scallops


One-off Northeast Projects

• Surveys • Conceptual models

Surveys


• Hurricane Sandy impacts to fishing industry in NY & NJ • Immediate rapid assessment and one year later

• Social capital and groundfish Sectors

• Pre and post implementation

• Job satisfaction and well-being

• Recreational fishing as fishing for food

Hurricane Sandy Survey One year follow-up to rapid assessment • Focus:

• Socioeconomic impacts • Damages/losses & revenue • Impediments & aids to recovery • Well-being & climate change


Who? NY & NJ commercial and recreational for-hire fishermen & fishing-related businesses

When Early 2014 Surveys 958 mail, phone, in-person

• Key results: • Economic impacts much larger than allotted recovery funds • Comm. & rec. fishermen differed on whether recovery required staying in fishing • Social bonds were important to recovery

Social Capital and Groundfish Sectors Survey

One year follow-up to initial survey • Focus:

• General bonding, bridging, and linking social capital

• Sector-specific bonding index • Information sharing • Trust


Who? Groundfish permit holders

When 2010 and 2013

Surveys 247 phone • Key results:

• General bonding, bridging and linking indices and sector-specific bonding index positively correlated with net revenue per active vessel

• Within-sector trust increased, particularly for more geographically dispersed sectors.

Conceptual Models: Understanding Human Resilience to Regulations,

Climate Change, and Other Impacts

• Individual • Community • NE Continental Shelf

Large Marine Ecosystem

What is missing? • Continuous updates for time series data on our website (e.g.,

snapshots) • Additional ongoing surveys to gather basic data, implemented at

some regular interval (e.g., social capital, full demographics, measures of cultural identity and sense of place)

• Targeted oral history collections (e.g., perceptions of and adaptations to climate change, graying of the fleet, community and individual resilience and well-being)

• N.B. All of our ongoing projects depend on funding from HQ, mostly via competitive internal grants


Questions?


Pictured above: Gloucester, MA. Credit: Gretchen Ertl for The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/us/debate-over-how-to-help-massachusetts-fishing-towns.html

References Clay, P.M., Colburn, L.L. and Seara, T. 2016. Social bonds and recovery: An analysis of hurricane Sandy in the first year after landfall. Marine Policy, 74, pp.334-340. Clay, Patricia M., Lisa L. Colburn, and Lauren Downs. 2013. Understanding Impacts on Fishermen and their Families from New England Catch Shares. National Working

Waterfronts and Waterways Symposium. Seattle, March 26, 2013. Clay, Patricia M., Silva, Angela and Pitts, Alyson,Van Oostenburg, Max and Morris, Jolvan. Graying of the Fleet: A Bi-coastal Comparison. Presented by Clay at Society

for Applied Anthropology meeting in Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 27-April 2, 2017. Colburn, Lisa L., Patricia M. Clay, Tarsila Seara, Changhua Weng, and Angela Silva. 2015. Social and Economic Impacts of Hurricane/Post Tropical Cyclone Sandy on

the Commercial and Recreational Fishing Industries: New York and New Jersey One Year Later. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-157. Colburn, L.L. and Jepson, M., 2012. Social indicators of gentrification pressure in fishing communities: A context for social impact assessment. Coastal Management

40(3):289-300. Colburn, L.L. and Clay, P.M. 2011. The role of oral histories in the conduct of fisheries Social impact Assessments in Northeast US. Journal of Ecological Anthropology

15(1):74-80. Colburn, Lisa L., Michael Jepson, Amber Himes-Cornell, Karma Norman, Stepehen Kasperski, Changhua Weng and Patricia M. Clay. In Press. Community Participation

in U.S. Catch Share Programs. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum. Colburn LL et al. 2016. Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the U.S. Marine

Policy 74: 323–333. Cutler, Matthew. An Overview of the Survey on the Socio-economic Aspects of Commercial Fishing Vessel Owners in the Northeast. NOAA Technical Memorandum (In

Press). DePiper, G.S. et. al. 2017. Operationalizing Integrated Ecosystem Assessments within a multidisciplinary team: lessons learned from a worked example. ICES Journal of

Marine Science March 2017 (Advance Access): DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx038. Henry, Anna and Julia Olson. 2014. An Overview of the Survey on the Socio-economic Aspects of Commercial Fishing Crew in the Northeast. NOAA Technical

Memorandum NMFS-NE-230. Holland, D.S., Kitts, A.W., Da Silva, P.P. and Wiersma, J., 2013. Social capital and the success of harvest cooperatives in the New England groundfish fishery. Marine

Resource Economics 28(2):133-153. Jepson, M. and Colburn, L.L., 2013. Development of social indicators of fishing community vulnerability and resilience in the US southeast and northeast regions. NOAA

Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-129. Lee, M.Y., Speir, C., Carr-Harris, A. and Benjamin, S., 2017. Geographic Concentration of the Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery. Review of Regional Studies 47(1):25-46. Olson, J. 2011. Producing nature and enacting difference in ecosystem-based fisheries management: An example from the Northeastern US. Mar Pol. 35(4): 528-35. Pollnac, Richard B., Tarsila Seara, and Lisa L. Colburn. 2014. Aspects of Fishery Management, Job Satisfaction and Well-being among Commercial Fishermen in the

Northeast Region of the United States, Society and Natural Resources, 0:1-18. Seara, T., Clay, P.M. and Colburn, L.L., 2016. Perceived adaptive capacity and natural disasters: A fisheries case study. Global Environmental Change 38:49-57.


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SSB and Community Resilience - National Oceanic and ... · SSB and Community Resilience Social Sciences ... Graying of the Fleet: A Bi -coastal ... The role of oral histories in the