THE WATER CHALLENGE: CHANGING THE WAY WE DRINK By: Emily Apitz & Jen Scahill

CHILDHOOD OBESITY :CAUSES

⅓ of United States pediatric population is overweight Obesity reflects a wide range of issues

o Geneticso Cultureo Socioeconomic statuso Behavioral factors*

Shang et al, 2011; Kosava et al, 2013

SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES (SSBs)

Forms

Empty calories no nutritional value

Lack of satiety

Shang et al, 2012; Kosava er al, 2013; Bleich et al, 2012; DeBoer et al, 2013

IMPLICATIONS Poor overall nutritional choices Metabolic Syndrome

Alterations in lipoprotein levels Higher waist circumference Visceral adiposity hypertension

High glycemic load Inflammation Insulin resistance Problems stemming from childhood will follow into

adulthood

Shang et al, 2011; Kosava et al, 2013; Chan et al, 2014

POPULATION

Chicago Public Schools

Male & female students

6-14 years old

Parent Education Levels

http://cps.edu/About_CPS/At-a-glance/Pages/Stats_and_facts.aspx; Ruyter et al, 2012

WATER CHALLENGE

Water bottles

Competition between grades

Class dinner and giveaways

SCHOOL- BASED INTERVENTION

School aged children

Time spent at school

School breakfast & lunch programs

Children from all different backgrounds

http://cps.edu/About_CPS/At-a-glance/Pages/Stats_and_facts.aspx

INTERVENTION

Nutrition education once a week-Exposure to calorie information

Added into daily lesson planning of teacher once a week 15- 20 minutes of education on SSBs and calories Handouts & materials to bring home and share with

family members Weekly interactive nutrition homework assignment

Bleich et al, 2012

CHANGE IN SCHOOL POLICY

Restriction of amount of SSBs sold in schools

Changes in guidelines foods allowed to be sold in schools

Watts et al, 2014

CONCLUSION

School based interventions are generally successful

Support must come from the home too

Nutrition education is necessary to bridge the knowledge gap

Instilling good health habits in young children will carry on into adulthood

REFERENCES● Van de Gaar V, Jansen W, Grieken A, et al. Effects of an intervention aimed at reducing the intake of

sugar-sweetened beverages in primary school children: a control trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11:98.

● Shang X, Liu A, Zhang Q, et al. Report on childhood obesity in China (9): Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and obesity. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012; 25(2): 125-132.

● Kosava E, Auinger P, Bremer A. The relationships between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardio metabolic markers in young children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113(2)219-227.

● Mậsse L, Niet-Fitzgerald E, Watts A, et al. Associations between the food school environment, student consumption and body mass index of Canadian adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11:29.

● Ruyter J, Olthof M, Seidell J, et al. A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1397-1406.

● Chan T, Lin W, Huang H, et al. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Nutrients. 2014; 6:2088-2103.

● Bleich S, Herring B, Flagg D, et al. Reduction in purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages among low-income black adolescents after exposure to caloric information. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:329-335.

● DeBoer M, Scharf R, Demmer R. Sugar sweetened beverages and weight gain in 2- to 5-year-old children. Pediatrics. 2013; 132:3.

● Folta S, Kuder J, Goldberg J, et al. Changes in diet and physical activity resulting from the Shape Up Somerville community intervention. BMC Pediatrics. 2013; 13:157.

● Watts A, Masse L, Naylor P. Changes to the school food and physical activity environment after guideline implementation in British Columbia, Canada. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11:50.

● http://cps.edu/About_CPS/At-a-glance/Pages/Stats_and_facts.aspx