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CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Founded 1956 in Oakland, California, U.S.A.
Home Office U.S.ASimpson Strong-Tie5956 W Las Positas BlvdPleasanton, CA 94588 U.S.A.
Asia3/F Cambridge House, #301Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
Middle EastWarehouse No.35, LIU 15Street 710, Round About No. 7Jebel Ali Free ZoneDubai, UAE
AustraliaUnit 1/ 16 Kenoma PlaceArndell Park. NSW 2148Australia
New Zealand28 Arrenway DriveAlbany 0632New Zealand
South AfricaUnit 5, Fairway Business ParkStibitz StreetWestlake Business Park 7945Cape TownSouth Africa
Company Overview For more than 50 years, Simpson Strong-Tie has been helping people build safer, stronger structures economically. The company is the leader in structural systems technology and has earned a reputation for providing customers with innovative, high-quality products, technical and field support, testing and training. Simpson Strong-Tie designs, engineers and manufactures steel connectors, lateral systems, anchor and fastening systems. These products are used to secure the frame of structures and buildings. We have laboratory facilities that are dedicated to finding solutions to improve the way structures are designed and built. The company’s research is being used to help advance the industry and develop products that help structures resist earthquakes, typhoons and high-wind storms.
Customers Simpson Strong-Tie serves the new construction, retrofitting and do-it-yourself (DIY) markets. Customers include builders, contractors, engineers, architects, building officials, dealers, distributors and owners.
Employees Approximately 2,500 employees world-wide
World-wideLocations
Web sites www.strongtie.com; www.strongtie.asia
Stock Symbol SSD, New York Stock Exchange
COMPANY OVERVIEW
®
Every day we work hard to earn your business, blending the talents of our people with the quality of our products and services to exceed your expectations.
SIMPSON STRONG-TIE QUALITY POLICY
We help people build safer structures economically. We do this by designing, engineering and manufacturing “No Equal” structural connectors and other related products that meet or exceed our customers’ needs and expectations. Everyone is responsible for product quality and is committed to ensuring the effectiveness of the Quality Management System.
WE ARE ISO 9001-2000 REGISTERED
Factories, offices, and warehouses in Asia, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, New Zealand, Poland, Scotland, South Africa, Switzerland, UK, UAE and U.S.A
Distribution in Australia, Canada, Chile, Western Europe and part of Eastern Europe, Middle East, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, UK, U.S.A and other Asian countries
3
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COMPANY OVERVIEW 2
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 4-5
PRODUCT OVERVIEW 6
FRP SHEET 7-9
CARBON LAMINATE 10-11
EPOXIES FOR APPLICATION 12
MODEL NUMBERS AND SIZES AVAILABLE 13
TECHNICAL DATA 14-16
PROJECT REFERRALS 17-22
OTHER REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS 23
SOFTWARE Back Cover
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
BRIDGES
INFRASTRUCTURE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSSEISMIC REFROFITTING
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
5
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Window Reinforcement
Pre-stressed FRP
Slab Reinforcemnt(Positive moment)
Column Reinforcement (Stiffness/Ductility/ Earthquake/ Impact)
Slab Reinforcement(Negative moment) Wall Reinforcement
(Masonry)
Beam Reinforcement(Bending)
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Beam Reinforcement (Shear)
Wall Reinforcement (Shear)
DoorReinforcement
Water Vapor-PermeabilityReinforcement
6
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Type Product Epoxy & Accessories
Fiber systemsSST C-Sheet (Carbon)
SST Resin Epoxy 55SST A-Sheet (Aramid)
Non-prestressed Laminate SST Laminates SST Resin 220
Type Product Epoxy & Accessories
Fiber systemsWater vapor-permeability
SST C-Sheet (Carbon) SST Resicem (for moisture vapor transmission), SST Repcem Repair MortarSST A-Sheet (Aramid)
Pre-stressed Laminate SST Laminates
SST Resin 220
SST Pre-stressed Anchorage System
1、CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTS:
2、INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS:
SST reinforcing products are designed and sold as a turnkey system that include the carbon fi ber material and epoxy. This assures the fi nal concrete restoration installation will perform as designed. SST products include FRP sheet, carbon laminate, pre-stressing kits and compatible epoxies.
SST offers an innovative FRP sheet system that offers water vapor permeability of the enclosed concrete, allowing the moisture in the concrete to escape; preventing destruction of the repaired concrete due to moisture buildup.
SST's patented pre-stressed carbon laminate system allows for greater utilization of the carbon laminate strength resulting in a stronger repair of the concrete member.
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
7
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
FIBER REINFORCING SHEET SYSTEMS
Material properties
Type of Fiber Modulus of elasticity GPa Tensile strength MPa
C (Carbon) 240-640 2,500-4,000
A (Aramid) 120 3,000-4,000
SST manufactures custom made sheets of either a single fi ber type or a combination of fi ber types (hybrids).
SST C-Sheet
Aramid Fiber
FRP SHEET
Woven Sheets
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 5 10 15
Steel
N/m
m2
Types of SST Reinforcement Fiberand Performance Strength
Elongation Strength Comparison
%
8
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
FRP CARBON SHEET WATER VAPOR PERMEABILITY SYSTEMWhen applying FRP sheets in a fully covered reinforcement application, the moisture permeability of the system should be considered to assure that the moisture within the concrete element can properly escape while also preventing moisture from entering from the outside. SST's vapor permeable system allows the installed FRP system to breathe, ensuring the durability of the reinforced concrete. This protects the repaired internal concrete from moisture caused spalling and related damage.
ACI Building Code for Structural Concrete- ACI FRP Guide 440 (Chapter 8.3.3 Durability Considerations)
Any FRP system that completely encases or covers a concrete section should be investigated for vapor pressures and moisture vapor transmission.
Vitruvius (Roman Architect and Engineer, 50 B.C.)
A structure must be permeable to water vapor from the inside to the outside.
FRP SHEET
9
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
FRP SHEET
Determination of the water vapor-permeability of a coating
Sd =μH2O×layer thickness (m) < 4m
Sd:Water vapor diffusion resistance of the layer
μH2O:Water vapor diffusion coeffi cient of the coating
SST Resicem μH2O ≈ 3,000~5,000 (FRP thickness 1 mm)
S&P Resin 50/55 (epoxy resin) μH2O = 1,000,000 (FRP thickness 1 mm)
It follows that:of a two-layer FRP coating using SST Resicem, with a total thickness of 0.8 mm (matrix + fi bers),
Sd = 4,000×0.0008 = 3.2m < 4m
• SST Resicem the water vapor-permeability of the FRP system is assured.
Concrete moisture can escape from inside
Outside water vapor cannot enter
SST Fiber Sheets
SST Resicem
SST Repcem/ Mortar
Concrete
10
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
NON-PRESTRESSED (SLACK-APPLIED) LAMINATESST's carbon fiber laminates are made of 12k small tow carbon fiber thread and epoxy adhesive in a highly advanced continuous pultrusion production process. The carbon laminate strip is adhered to the concrete surface with our specially formulated epoxy paste assuring a high strength installation. The carbon fiber content of the laminate is greater than 70%. The resulting installation results in substantially increased bending capacity of the reinforced concrete member.
1. Removal of concrete up to the rebar 2. The base plate is grouted in with SST Resin 220
Finished Installation Diagram
3. The laminate is epoxied onto the bottom surface and the top plate epoxied and anchored over the end of the laminate
SST END PLATE ANCHORING SYSTEM(Optional end plates required when laminate end distance to edge is not great enough to handle end forces)
CARBON LAMINATE
ATE
enououghhghg tttt toooo hahahahandndndndlelelele eee e endndndnd ff fffororccecess)
Composite Type Fiber Direction Fiber Arrangement Typical Application
SST Carbon Fiber systems (CFS) Uni-directional Straight Increase in fl exural andshear capacity, confi nement
SST Aramid Fiber Sheet (AFS) Uni-directional Straight Impact or explosion enhancement
SST Carbon Fiber Laminate Uni-directional Straight (partiallypretensioned) Increase in fl exural capacity
The following table sets out typical uses for the various products
11
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
CARBON LAMINATE
A standard non-pre-stressed laminate system does not fully utilize the additional potential strength in the carbon laminate material. The pre-stressed system is installed by anchoring one end of the laminate strip, prestressing the other end with SST's patented installation system, then allowing the epoxy adhesive that is applied to the underside of the carbon laminate to cure. Internal testing has shown up to a 40% increase in the ultimate capacity when using a pre-stressed system versus a slack application system.
SST's pre-stressed laminate system unique designed anchorage plates and hydraulic tensioning equipment allow for efficient installation on the jobsite, resulting in a maximum increase in the bending strength of the concrete member.
Pre-stressed System Installation Features:
Safe and Reliable: 1. This system has been successfully installed in thousands of jobsites around the world.
Easy to Install:2. With the unique patented anchorage plate system, job site installation can be accomplished in minimal time. It can be used in small work spaces and causes minimal damage to the existing concrete surfaces.
Reliable Anchorage System:3. This system has been laboratory and job site tested for reliability and safety.
A Complete System:4. SST provides everything to complete the job- the installation kit, carbon laminate and specially formulated epoxy; assuring a comprehensive solution for even the most demanding reinforcement challenges.
Versatile:5. Is especially useful on long-span RC elements due to higher defl ection and fl exural resistance.
PRE-STRESSED LAMINATE
12
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Primer and Resin for adhesion of FRP Sheet Systems
Primer
When the substrate is porous SST Resin 50 can be used as a primer under the FRP system.Primer may be applied with brush, roller or airless spray.Available by special order only, contact Simpson.Under the vapor open SST Resicem System primer should not be used!
Repair mortars FRP Systems
Vapor permeable Non-vapor permeable
SST Repcem (Repair Mortar) SST Resin 230 (leveling mortar)
Saturant
Vapor permeable Non-vapor permeable
SST Resicem(world-wide patent pending) SST Resin Epoxy 55
Application on dry substrate(Humidity ≤ 12%)
Application on dry substrate(Humidity ≤ 4%)
Resin for laminates CFK
SST Resin 220 Application on dry substrate(Humidity ≤ 4%)
EPOXIES FOR APPLICATION
Figure: CFRP Installation
1st level Saturant(SST Resicem/SST Resin Epoxy 55)
SST C-Sheet 240
Repair mortars(SST Repcem/SST Resin 230)
Concrete Base Material
2nd level Saturant(SST Resicem/SST Resin Epoxy 55 )
Coating
1
2
34
5
6
13
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
*Available by special order- 400g/m2 and 600g/m2 of SST C-Sheet 240 and SST C-Sheet 640. Other sizes available, contact Simpson
Product Model No.
Specifi cation
PackageCarbon Content Width
(mm)Thickness
(mm)
SST C-Sheet 240 CS240300200 300 g/m2 200 0.176 200 mm x 100 M
SST C-Sheet 240 CS240200300 200 g/m2 300 0.117 300 mm x 100 M
SST C-Sheet 240 CS240300300 300 g/m2 300 0.176 300 mm x 100 M
MODEL NUMBERS AND SIZES AVAILABLE
SST C-SHEET
*Other models available, contact Simpson
Product Model No.
Specifi cation
PackageCarbon Content Width
(mm)Thickness
(mm)
SST A-Sheet 120 AS120290300 —— 300 0.20 300 mm x 100 M
SST A-SHEET
Product Model No.Type
PackageWidth(mm)
Thickness(mm)
SST Laminates 150/2000 LA15005012 80 1.2 50 mm x 150 M
SST Laminates 150/2000 LA15005014 80 1.4 50 mm x 150 M
SST Laminates 150/2000 LA15010012 100 1.2 100 mm x 150 M
SST Laminates 150/2000 LA15010014 100 1.4 100 mm x 150 M
SST Laminates 200/2000 LA20010014 100 1.4 100 mm x 150 M
*Other widths - 50, 80, 120, 150, etc - available by special order, contact Simpson.
SST LAMINATES CFK
Product Model No. Package Ratio
SST Resin Epoxy 55 SHRESEPO55 6kg (pail) 2:1, A+B
SST Resin 220 LARESI22006 6kg (pail) 2:1, A+B
SST Resin 230 SHRESI230030 30kg (pails&bag) 4:1:5 (by weight), A+B+F
SST Resicem SHRESICE004 4kg (bag) -
SST Repcem SHREPCEM025 25kg (bag) -
SST RESIN EPOXY
14
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
SST C-Sheet Technical Data
Technical dataSST C-Sheet
CS240200 CS240300
Elastic modulus [MPa] ≥2.4x105 ≥2.4x105
Tensile strength [MPa] ≥3800 ≥3800
Elongation at rupture [%] ≥1.7 ≥1.7
Tensile force of 1000mm width (ultimate) [kN] ≥370 ≥557
Interlaminar shear strength[MPa] ≥45 ≥45
Bond Strength[MPa](C-Sheet overhead installation on concrete )
≥2.5 (Concrete failure)
Design thickness (Fiber weight/ density)[mm] 0.117 0.176
Weight of fiber (unidirectional) [g/m2] 200 300
TECHNICAL DATA
SST C-SHEET
SST LAMINATES SST Laminates Technical Data
Technical DataSST Laminates CFK
Test CodeLA150 LA200
Elastic modulus [MPa] >1.64x105 >2.05x105
EN2561and
ISO 527-5
Tensile strength[MPa] >2800 >2500
Elongation at rupture [%] ≥1.7 ≥1.7
Fiber volume content [%] 70 70
Interlaminar shear strength[MPa] ≥50 ≥50
Bond Strength[MPa](C-Sheet overhead installation on concrete )
≥2.5 (Concrete failure)
≥2.5 (Concrete failure)
Design thickness (Fiber weight/ density)[mm] 0.190 0.190
Sheet of Aramid Fiber SST A-Sheet 120 Technical Data
Technical data AS120
Elastic modulus [MPa] 1.2x105
Tensile strength [MPa] 2900
Elongation at rupture [%] 2.5
Tensile force[MPa] ≥400
Interlaminar shear strength[MPa] ≥45
Bond Strength[MPa](C-Sheet overhead installation on concrete )
≥2.5 (Concrete failure)
Weight of fiber (unidirectional) [g/m2] 290
Design thickness (Fiber weight/ density)[mm] 0.20
SST A-SHEET
15
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Density 1.11kg/Liter
Mixing ratio by weight 2:1 (resin to hardener)Glass transition temperatureEMPA 461.427/2
44℃
Tensile strength afterISO 527-2;1993(E) EMPA 461'427
14 days 35.8MPa
Elongation at breakISO 527-2;1993(E) EMPA 461'427
14 days 2.3%
Modulus of elasticity staticISO 7500-1;2004-11 EMPA 461.427
14 days 2,581MPa
Modulus of elasticity dynamicEMPA 461.427/2
14 days +20℃ 2,515MPa14 days -20℃ 2,989MPa
Pull off strength on concretejob-site tests
Failure in concrete
Pull off strength on steelIn-house tests
>15 N/mm2
Density 1.36kg/Liter
Mixing ratio by weight4kg resin + 2kg hardener + 4kg Resicem powder = 10kg
Glass transition temperatureEMPA 461.427/2
45℃
Tensile strength afterISO 527-2;1993(E) EMPA 461'427
14 days 22.0MPa
Elongation at breakISO 527-2;1993(E) EMPA 461'427
14 days 0.5%
Modulus of elasticity staticISO 7500-1;2004-11 (EMPA 461.427)
14 days 5,462MPa
Modulus of elasticity dynamicEMPA 461.427/2
14 days +20℃ 4,820MPa14 days -20℃ 5,424MPa
Freeze/thaw resistance BE IILPM Beinwil A-23'211-2E
high
Pull off strength on concretejob-site tests
>4 N/mm2 failure in concrete
Pull off strength on steelLPM Beinwil A-23'211-2E
7 days >10.6 N/mm2
Water vapour diffusion resistanceµ H2O (1.11 mm coating) 10 days 16,000
21 days 6,40035 days approx. 5,200
LPM Beinwil A-23'211-2E Water vapour permeability is reached after longer testing times
Physical parameters:
Physical parameters:
Application temperature +8℃ to +35℃
Application time at + 10℃ 180 min
+ 20℃ ≤45 min
+ 30℃ ≤30 min
Dust-dry after 4 h
Storage ﹢5℃ to﹢25℃ 12 months
Full cure time 7 days
Application temperature +8℃ to 35℃
Application time at +10℃ 180 min
+20℃ ≤50 min
+30℃ ≤35 min
Dust-dry after 4 hr
Full cure time 7 day
Storage ﹢10℃ to﹢25℃ 24 month
Approvals: Certifi ed in accordance with EN1504-4
Technical Data: The standard values below indicated are based on +20℃ and 50% relative humidity of air.
Technical Data: The standard values below indicated are based on +20℃ and 50% relative humidity of air.
TECHNICAL DATA
SST RESIN EPOXY 55 SST RESICEMSheet Resin Saturant for SST FRP Systems (Water vapor permeable)
16
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
TECHNICAL DATA
Technical Data
SST RESIN 220 Laminating Resin SST REPCEM
SST RESIN 230
Repair Mortar (Water Vapor Permeable)
Leveling Mortar
Form Paste Comp. A and B
ColorLight grey Comp. ABlack Comp. B
Density (at 23℃) 1.70 - 1.80 g/cm3
Mixing ratio A:B4:14:1
by weightby volume
Pot lifeEN ISO 9514:2005 at 23℃
~ 25 minutes
Compression strengthEN 1504-4 (EN 12190)
>70 N/mm2
E-modulusDIN EN ISO 178
>7100 N/mm2
Shear strengthDIN EN 12615
>26 N/mm2
Shore-D-hardnessDIN EN 53505-D/EN ISO 868
87-93
Adhesive tensile strengthDIN EN 13982-8
>3 N/mm2 on concrete; 3days; 20℃>3 N/mm2 on SST laminate
>2 N/mm2 on SST Resin 230 levelling mortar
>14 N/mm2 steel on steel (without Primer)
Form PowderColor GreyGrain size 0 - 0.6 mmApplication temperature +5℃ to +35℃
Working time approx. 45min
Strengths, 28 dayscompressive strength tensile strength44.7 N/mm2 11.3 N/mm2
Bond to substrate >1.5 N/mm2
Yield 15L/25kg bag
Minimum addition of water 3.75L/25kg bag
Maximum addition of water 4.50L/25kg bagLayer thickness 2 - 10mm
FormPaste Comp. A and BQuartz sand Comp. F
ColorLight grey Comp. ABlack Comp. BGrey Comp. F
Density
ca. 1.75g/cm3 Comp. Aca. 1.75g/cm3 Comp. Bca. 2.05g/cm3 Comp. Fca. 1.9g/cm3 A+B+F mixed
Application temperature +10℃ to +35℃
Mixing ratio A:B:F4:1:54:1:6
by weightby volume
Pot life at +20℃ < 60 minutes A+B+F mixed
Bending tensile strength~ 22 N/mm2 1 day at +20℃~ 19 N/mm2 2 days at +10℃
Compression strength
~ 34 N/mm2 1 day at +20℃
~ 73 N/mm2 7 days at +20℃
~ 19 N/mm2 1 day at +10℃~ 32 N/mm2 3 days at +10℃~ 56 N/mm2 7 days at +10℃
Adhesive strength ~ 2 N/mm2 on concrete; 3 days; 20℃
Physical parameters:Application temperature +10℃ to +30℃
Application time at + 10℃ ≤180 min
+ 23℃ ≤50 min
+ 30℃ ≤40 min
Storage ﹢5℃ to﹢25℃ 12 months
Consumption: approx. 1.8kg/m2 per mm of layer thickness
Note: Mixes that have already undergone hydration may not be reused or diluted with water. After use, the equipment must be immediately cleaned with water.
Technical Data: The approximate values are based on +20℃ and 50% relative humidity of air
Consumption: approx. 1.9kg/m2 per mm of layer thickness
Technical Data:
Storage: In original containers, at ﹢5℃ to﹢25℃, 12 months
Availability: 30 kg (A+B+F) units
Storage: - Components A+B: may be stored for 1 year between﹢5℃ and﹢30℃
- Component F (Quartz sand): store dry
17
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
DIFC (Dubai International Financial Centre), Dubai, UAE
Axial reinforcement
17
PROJECT REFERRALS
18
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Barnes, India Deuna Cement Plant, Poland
Bridge in Moscow, Russia
DIFC (Dubai International Financial Centre), Dubai, UAE
Flexural strengthening
Shear strengthening
PROJECT REFERRALS
19
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Seismic reinforcement
Apartment Buildings Kleinweid, Cham, Switzerland DIFC (Dubai International Financial Centre), Dubai, UAE
Shimla, India
Historical Buildings reinforcement
Russian Orthodox Church, Darmstadt, Germany
PROJECT REFERRALS
20
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
M6 Cumbria Bridges Project, United Kingdom
Shock / Explosion-proof reinforcement
Sewage Plant, Zumikon, SwitzerlandQafco Prill Tower, Qatar
Harbor tank facilities / Silo reinforcement
PROJECT REFERRALS
21
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Pre-stressed CFK reinforcement
Bank Building, Arlesheim, Switzerland
Residences, Alcochete, Portugal
Bridge Bakar, Rijeka, Coratia Apartment Building, Ebikon, Switzerland
PROJECT REFERRALS
22
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal
Afatlar Bridge, Turkey
Bridge reinforcement
Corkerhill Road Bridge, United Kingdom
Viadoto Belo Horizonte, Sao Paulo, Brazil
PROJECT REFERRALS
23
CARBON REINFORCING SYSTEMS
OTHER REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
OTHER REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
SST offers other innovative systems for reinforcement. Contact Simpson Strong-Tie for further details.
FX70 Marine Column Reinforcement System
Restores degraded columns (concrete, timber or steel) in marine environments to their original strength.
Slope and Rock Stabilization System
For strengthening and stabilization of steep rock or soil slopes.
ARMO Tunnel Reinforcement System
Ideal for strengthening and restoration of damaged or degraded tunnels.
Construction Chemicals for Restoration
Full range of products for repair/restoration of concrete, timber, steel or asphalt surfaces.
www.strongtie.asia
Printed in Asia C-FRP-APACME 5/1/13. Expires 12/31/14© 2013 All Rights Reserved by Simpson Strong-Tie Asia Ltd.
Simpson Strong-Tie Asia Ltd.
3/F Cambridge House, #301Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road Quarry Bay, Hong KongTel: (852) 3511 1888Fax:(852) 3511 1889
Australia
Unit 1/ 16 Kenoma PlaceArndell Park. NSW 2148AustraliaTel: (61) 2 9831 7700
ME Warehouse & Offi ce
Warehouse No.35, LIU 15Street 710, Round About No. 7Jebel Ali Free ZoneP.O.Box 262983 Jebel AliDubai, UAETel: (971) 4 8702 100Fax: (971) 4 8870 727
New Zealand
28 Arrenway DriveAlbany 0632New ZealandTel: (64) 9477 4440
Simpson Strong-Tie (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
351/1 Soi Ram Intra 65 Yak 19Taraeng Bangkhen Bangkok 10230 ThailandTel: (662) 945 9043 - 44Fax: (662) 945 9033
South Africa
Unit 5, Fairway Business ParkStibitz StreetWestlake Business Park 7945Cape TownSouth AfricaTel: (27) 8 7354 0629
Simpson Strong-Tie (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
Suite 2609, Golden TowerNo. 1 Xibahe Rd. (S) Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, ChinaTel:(8610) 6440 3840Fax:(8610) 6440 3931
SOFTWARE
Calculation software for column
Calculation software for fl exural strengthening
*For software information, please contact Simpson Strong-Tie for details