SSWH17: DEMONSTRATE AN

UNDERSTANDING OF LONG-TERM

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I AND

ITS GLOBAL IMPACT.

A. IDENTIFY CAUSES OF THE WAR, INCLUDE:

• NATIONALISM• BALKAN NATIONALISM – PEOPLE WANTED

THEIR OWN COUNTRIES

• ENTANGLING ALLIANCES• TRIPLE ALLIANCE – GERMANY,

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ITALY( LATER OTTOMANS)

• TRIPLE ENTENTE – FRANCE, BRITAIN, RUSSIA

(LATER UNITED STATES)

• MILITARISM• BUILD UP OF MILITARY CAPABILITY

• IMPERIALISM• The desire to take land in other places

“POWDER KEG OF EUROPE”

“THE SPARK”

•AFTER THE ASSASINATION• Austria asks for the people in charge

of the assassination

• Serbia says no

• Austria declares war on Serbia

• Russia declares war on Austria

• Germany declares war on Russia

• Germany declares war on France

• France declares war Germany

• Brittan declares war on Germany

• Germany declares war on Britain

WHO’S ON WHICH SIDE

Triple Alliance

Germany

Austria-Hungary

“Italy”

Later, Ottoman Empire

Triple Entente

France

Russia

Great Britain

Later, “US”

B. DESCRIBE CONDITIONS ON THE WAR FRONT

FOR SOLDIERS, INCLUDE: NEW TECHNOLOGY AND

WAR TACTICS.

PROPAGANDA - ONE-SIDED INFORMATION

TO BUILD MORALE, SUPPORT FOR WAR.

TOTAL WAR - THE CHANNELING OF A NATION'S

ENTIRE RESOURCES INTO A WAR EFFORT.

• Nations ration: limiting purchases of war-related goods (example of total war)

• 1000’s of women fill jobs held by men; women experience war as nurses

TRENCH WARFARE - COMBAT IN WHICH OPPOSING

TROOPS FIGHT FROM TRENCHES (A LONG,

NARROW DITCH) FACING EACH OTHER.

Over the top No man's land

Machine guns

• Lack of water drainage

and sanitation

• Trench Foot (Don’t google)

WESTERN FRONT- LINE OF TRENCHES STRETCHED FROM

THE ENGLISH CHANNEL ACROSS FRANCE AND BELGIUM.

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN –A RAPID GERMAN

INVASION/VICTORY OVER FRANCE TO

AVOID 2 FRONT WAR.

BATTLE OF VERDUN - LARGEST AND LONGEST

BATTLE OF WWI ON THE WESTERN FRONT

Massive losses in 1916:

(gained 4 miles, each lost 300,000)

C. EXPLAIN THE MAJOR DECISIONS MADE IN THE

VERSAILLES TREATY, INCLUDE: GERMAN

REPARATIONS AND THE MANDATE SYSTEM THAT

REPLACED OTTOMAN CONTROL.

VERSAILLES TREATY

• Armistice (ceasefire)-

A temporary peace

agreement to end

fighting.

• Written by GB, FR, US,

RUS, ITALY (who is

missing?) Said the WAR

WAS OVER.

VERSAILLES TREATYOutcomes from treaty

• War (German) reparations

(most negative)

• Freedom of the seas

• Germany accept blame

for the war

• Creation of the League

of Nations (L.O.N).

Hyperinflation- inflation

occurring at a very high rate

Legacy of Versailles Treaty

• bitterness and hatred

by the German people

14 POINTS - WOODROW WILSON’S PLAN TO

CREATE LASTING PEACE IN THE WORLD.

•US President

WOODROW

WILSON proposes

the 14 Points for

Lasting Peace but

NO ONE LISTENS

MANDATE SYSTEM - TERRITORIES

ADMINISTERED BY WESTERN POWERS.

• Territories

temporarily

assigned to an

Allied powers,

mostly Britain

and France.

D. ANALYZE THE DESTABILIZATION OF

EUROPE IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE GREAT

EMPIRES.

• Treaty bitterness on both

sides

• Collapse of Romanov

(Russia), Hapsburg

(Austria-Hungary)

• New nations created (like

Czechoslovakia and

Hungary, etc).

• Ottoman Empire- replaced

by the Turkish Republic.

SSWH18 EXAMINE THE MAJOR POLITICAL AND

ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT SHAPED WORLD

SOCIETIES BETWEEN WORLD WAR I AND WORLD

WAR II.

A. DETERMINE THE CAUSES AND RESULTS OF

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FROM THE RISE OF

THE BOLSHEVIKS UNDER LENIN TO STALIN’S

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN.

NICHOLAS II – CZAR OF RUSSIA, ABSOLUTE

RULER

Behind Europe in

• Technology

• Industrialization

• Not prepared for

WWII

Russian Life

• Nation was poor

• Peasants

Starving

MARCH REVOLUTION – RUSSIAN PEOPLE

OVERTHROW THE TSAR (WANT CHANGE).

Provisional government- Govern Russia for a short time

until elections could be held.

NOVEMBER REVOLUTION- BOLSHEVIKS DISSOLVED

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT, PROCLAIMED THE

SOVIETS AS NEW GOVERNMENT.

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION- THE BOLSHEVIKS (RED

ARMY) VS (WHITE ARMY); THE BOLSHEVIKS

WON.

THE BOLSHEVIKS - RADICAL GROUP OF

MARXISTS IN RUSSIA

Vladimir Lenin - led this groupPromises

• land and food to the poor

• power to the people

,

Outcomes

• Russia's exit from WW I –

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-

Between Russia and the

Central Powers.

• control of the Russian

Government

JOSEPH STALIN- EMERGED AS THE NATION’S

DICTATOR.

STALIN’S FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN - A PLAN FOR

ECONOMIC AND MILITARY DEVELOPMENT

SSWH18 EXAMINE THE MAJOR POLITICAL AND

ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT SHAPED WORLD

SOCIETIES BETWEEN WORLD WAR I AND WORLD

WAR II.

FASCISM- CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT HEADED

BY A DICTATOR WITH STRICT SOCIAL AND

ECONOMIC CONTROL.

Totalitarianism- Dictator rules without

regard for individual rights and liberties.

• Totalitarianism

• Glorification of the state.

• Single-party system with

a strong ruler.

Fascism Totalitarianism

• Police Terror/Police State

BENITO MUSSOLINI- LEADER OF THE

FASCIST PARTY IN ITALY.

• Established himself as dictator of Italy

• National Glory: restore Italy

to ancient Roman Empire

ADOLF HITLER - TOTALITARIAN LEADER OF

GERMANY

• Became chancellor

of Germany in 1933

• Abolish Treaty of

Versailles and

conquer Europe

HIROHITO- LEADER OF THE JAPANESE

EMPIRE.

• Charismatic Leader and bring

Japan to national glory.

• Return to traditional values.

SOVIET UNION - TOTALITARIAN STATE

CONTROLLED BY A POWERFUL AND COMPLEX

BUREAUCRACY

AUTHORITARIAN GOVERNMENTS- POLITICAL

SYSTEM THAT CONCENTRATES POWER IN THE

HANDS OF A LEADER OR A SMALL ELITE

SSWH18 D. THE AGGRESSION AND

CONFLICT LEADING TO WORLD WAR II IN

EUROPE AND ASIA

ITALIAN INVASION OF ETHIOPIA

• Weakness of

League of Nations

• Ethiopia and Italy

members (oops)

• Italian Victory

(decisive)

• Sets up future

conflict in Africa

SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936 - 1939

• Fascist uprising

discontent with

government

• Supported by Italy

and Germany

• Non-intervention

from Britain and

France

• Franco becomes

dictator

RAPE OF NANJING

• Japan invades China

• Extract resources

• Military strength

• Massacred civilians

• The League of

Nations disapproves

GERMAN ANNEXATION OF THE

SUDETENLAND

• Munich Conference

• Agreed annexation (Appeasement)

• Czechoslovakia

WORLD WAR II – 1933-1945SSWH19 Demonstrate an understanding of the global

political, economic, and social impact of World War II.

CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II

• Political instability and

economic devastation in

Europe resulting from

WWI.

Worldwide depression

High war debt owed by

Germany

High Inflation

Massive unemployment

LEND-LEASE ACT- U.S. MILITARY PROVIDING AID TO

FOREIGN NATIONS DURING WW II.

NORTH AFRICAN, PACIFIC, AND EUROPEAN

THEATRES

BLITZKRIEG- “LIGHTNING WAR” ALL OUT ATTACK,

POLAND AND FRANCE ARE SHOOK!

BATTLE OF BRITAIN

• Britain bombed by

the Luftwaffe

(German Air

Force)

• First "Air Force"

battle

• RADAR- Warned

citizens of

incoming attacks

PEARL HARBOR

• Pearl Harbor – “a

date that will live in

infamy”

• December 7, 1941

• Japanese sneak

attack on the US

fleet

• Draws the US into

WWII

BATTLE OF MIDWAY

• Battle

between US

and Japan

Navy

• Results in

Allied

Victory

• Turing point

in the Pacific

Theater of

war

ISLAND HOPPING- US STRATEGY CAPTURE

JAPANESE-HELD ISLANDS TO INVADE JAPAN.

KAMIKAZES- SUICIDE MISSION FLY INTO ENEMY

WARSHIPS, BOUGHT GREAT HONOR TO JAPAN.

EL-ALAMEIN

• North African

Battle

• Britain won a

decisive

victory over

Germany

• Securing the

Suez Canal.

STALINGRAD

• Germans advance

into RUSSIA

• German LOSS

• Begins the

eastern advance

west toward

Berlin

D-DAY

• Unified Allied

invasion of

Northern France

• Beaches of France

• High casualties on

both sides

• British, US,

“French,” and

others

• Allied victory

BATTLE OF THE BULGE

• Last German offensive

during WWII

• Bloodiest campaign

in Europe

• Marked the last

obstacle as

Allied troops

moved towards

Berlin

V-E DAY - MAY 8TH OF 1945

Left: Trafalgar Square, London

Right: NY Times shows Times Square, NYC

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

• Hiroshima: dropped, 8/6/45

• Plane – Enola Gay

• Bomb – “Little Boy”

• Nagasaki: dropped, 8/9/45

• “Fat Man”

• V-J Day

• August 15, 1945

• Brought the end of

WWII in the Pacific

END OF WWII: THE RISE OF

SUPERPOWERS

At the end of the war, there will be two clear Superpowers: The United States of America and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.).

A superpower is a country that has the highest level of influence on world politics and has a very strong military.

Although the USA and Soviet Union were “friends” during WWII, after the war they are enemies.