S&T and Innovation Policy for Russia

S&T and Innovation Policy for Russia

Prof. Leonid Gokhberg

National Research University – Higher School of Economics

Russian-Dutch University Partnerships: Shaping Innovative Academic and Research AgendaMoscow, November 15–16, 2012

Contents

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Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012

• Challenges for STI policy in Russia

• Strategy 2020: a new STI policy for Russia

• Key STI policy targets: 2013-2020

• Recent STI policy agenda

2

Global challenges for S&T and innovation policy: moving to a new agenda

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Challenges for science policy• Selectivity

Which fields to support and how much focus to give priorities?Shift from thematic priorities to socioeconomic objectives

• Concentration

Which institutions or research teams to support and how concentrated should funding be?

• Sustainability

Are the basic resources of people, money, infrastructure and institutions renewing themselves?

Challenges for innovation policy• Framework conditionsIP framework, human resources, competition, health & safety, consumer regulation• Mobility ofknowledge, people, money, services, business• GovernanceOpen innovation modelCoordination versus integrationMoving towards a more horizontal and cross-cutting innovation policy approachA need for less conventional innovation policy

Source: L. Georghiou

3

Challenges for STI policy in Russia


4

Challenges

• Consumption level depends on the income from raw resources and does not depend on labour effectiveness

• Enhanced paternalistic approach of public policy, « ignoration » of creative class

Constraints

• Sectoral disbalance (focus on raw materials export, import of equipment, “traditional high-tech“)

• Domination of vertical organisation of manufacturing and technologic linkages

• Development of global cooperation, decrease of its costs, barriers and risks

• Increased speed of knowledge generation, new technologic fields and markets development

• Development of network model of interaction at global and national level

• Low competitiveness in the global arena• Unfavorable climate for entrepreneurship

and innovations• Contre-innovative institutions

• Crisis of traditional models of social policy, stimulation of initiative and entrepreneurship

Unsustainable model of integration into global economy

Russia is a developed economy with educated population and high GDP per capita level on global scale

5

Current STI policy in Russia: an overview


Innovative activity of enterprises

6

9.69.39.49.69.4

10.59.8 10.3

9.3 9.4

17.316.3

19.5

5.5 5.24.7 5.0

6.2

10.69.6

6.14.94.65.15.55.5

55.44.74.34.24.4

3.73.84.73.3

4.7

1.51.51.91.41.21.41.21.51.61.8

1.41.41.11.10.80.90.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Enterprises engaged in technological innovation as per cent of all enterprises

Innovative goods and services as a per cent of total sales

Ratio of expenditure on technological innovation to total sales of enterprises

Per cent

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D

7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

TJ

MY

JP

CNFI

DE

ID

AR

CHIL

EU-27

IE

FRAU

CY

PLBR

MXHR

NZ

RU

SG

LV

LT

BY

IN

KGIR

AZ

SK

GR

UA MTRO

KRTW

SIISCA

UKTR

CL

BE

SE DK

US LUOECD

NLCZ

NO

AT

BG

ESZA EE HU

Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D financed by industry, %

GERD (million $ PPP)

USA 401576.0

China 178980.7

Japan 140832.8

Germany 86299.4

Korea 53184.9

France 49990.8

United Kingdom 39137.8

Russia 33725.2

Brazil 26016.5

Canada 24345.9

India 24324.7

Italy 24269.2

Netherlands 12968.7

8

Education

Business Science

Institutional

Cross-regional polarization by innovation activity

Cross-sectoral differentiation of technological level and innovation activity

Discrimination of certain social groups in terms of access to innovations

Social

Regional

“Innovationсleavages”

Sectoral

Strategy 2020: imperatives

Strategy 2020: key trade-offs & options for innovation policy


Model• Project-based support of

innovative activities in earmarked priority areas

• Redistribution of state functions to regions, development institutions, business associations

• Promoting cooperation at all levels• Rigid hierarchy-based policy

• Priority support of the new economy(«novel» high-tech, services, «green industries», etc.)

• Stimulating innovation in low-tech sectors• Supporting non-technological innovations

Markets

• Continuous support of high-tech sectors related to the former technology paradigm (aircraft, nuclear power generation, etc.)

• Differenciated policy instruments for specific economy sectors and types of innovators• Universal instruments

• Focus on political arguments in decision-making

Priorities/Criteria

• Thematic priorities

Socio-economic objectives•Technological and non-technological innovations to increase economic efficiency and to benefit from the Schumpeterian (innovation) rent – “innovation for business” •Social priorities – inclusive innovations• Functional priorities (design, engineering, technology

transfer, networking, training, etc.)

• Stimulating mass innovation across all economy sectors • Creating favourable environment for innovative companies

and unfavourable one for non-innovative companies

Strategy 2020: proposed policy mix

Higher School of Economics, Moscow 2012 10

MASS INNOVATIONS ACROSS ALL

SECTORS

Regulation of

technology imports

Enhancement of

innovative focus of public

procurement

Incentives for

innovatingenterprises

Support to small

innovative enterprises

ENHANCED EFFICIENCY OF

INNOVATIVE POLICIES

INNOVATION-BASED

DEVELOPMENT OF

TRADITIONAL SECTORS

AND GENERATION

OF NEW ONES

Functional priorities: compensation of failures in the innovation cycle

Decentralization of STI policies

Enhancement of efficiency in resource utilization

IMPROVED QUALITY OF INNOVATION

SUPPLY

Increasing efficiency of public R&D funding

Improving R&D sector efficiency

Incentives for business investment in STI

Priority support to new economy sectors and to entry of innovative goods and services to growing markets

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS

OF INNOVATION

Human capital development

Support to creative classIntegrating vulnerable population groups into innovative processes (inclusive innovations)

Improving public perception of innovation

Need for a long-term vision

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Share of Russian publications in Web of Science journals: 3% (2011 – 2.06%)

GERD-to-GDP-ratio: 1.77%(2011 – 1.12%)

Share of Russian publications in the Web of Science journals: 2.44%(2011 – 2.06%)

Budget of science funds: 25 bln roubles(2011 – 11 bln roubles)

Share of universities in GERD: 15% (2011 – 8.4%)

GERD-to-GDP-ratio: 3% (2011 – 1.12%)

Share of non-budget expenditure in GERD: 57%(2011 – 32.9%)

Patent applications per 10,000 population: 2.8(2011 – 1.85)

Russian universities in the Top-100 world leading universities: >5(2011 – n/a)

Salaries of researchers (200% of regional averages)

Share of universities in GERD: 11.4%(2011 – 8.4%)

Key STI policy targets for 2013-2020

11

Total investment increase by 25% over the 2011 level

Total investment increase by 27% over the 2011 level

Promoting Russia in the World Bank Doing Business Index: 20th (2011 – 120th)

President’s Decrees, May 2012 Innovation Strategy, December 2011

Share of innovation sales in manufacturing exports: 15%(2011 – 5.5%)

Share of innovation sales in manufacturing exports: 12%(2011 – 5.5%)

Share of high-tech and knowledge intensive sectors in exports: 130% of 2011 levelPromoting Russia in the

World Bank Doing Business Index: 50th (2011 – 120th)

Innovation

S&T

Share of innovative enterprises in manufacturing: 15%(2011 – 11%)

Labor productivity increase by 150% over the 2011 level

Creation and modernisation of 25 mln jobs with high labor productivity

Share of innovative enterprises in manufacturing: 60%(2011 – 11%)


Recent STI policy agenda: an itinerary action plan

12

• Priority development of globally competitive basic & applied research

• Mega-science (e.g. co-financing of 6 large research installations)

• Integration of Russian leading universities into global networks (e.g. Programme 5/100)

• International academic mobility: inward (leading international scientists) & outward (government-supported traineeships)


• RF Basic Research Programme• State Programme for S&T–2020• Reform of the HE sector

―Federal universities―National research universities―Closures & mergers―Cooperation with companies

• Mapping national S&T/research evaluation transformation of the government R&D sector: focus on centres of excellence

Thank [email protected]

Documents

S&T and Innovation Policy for Russia