Stages of Child Development and Related Developmental Theories

8/2/2019 Stages of Child Development and Related Developmental Theories

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Stages Of Child Development And

Related Developmental Theories

Socio-emotional (spiritual, social,

emotional)

Prenatal

Infant


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Developmental Theories (prenatal)

Pregnant womans emotional state affects thefetus. (Federenko & Wadhwa,2004)

- When a pregnant woman experiences intensefears, anxieties, and other emotions,physiological changes occur that may affecther fetus.

e.g. producing adrenaline in response to fear,maternal stress.


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Developmental Theories (prenatal)

The mothers emotional state during

pregnancy can influence the birth process.

Positive emotional states also appear to makedifference to the fetus. (Lobel & other,2002)


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Socio-emotional (prenatal)

The ears of the fetus are developed enough by

16 weeks of pregnancy to hear the mother's

voice and outside noise. By week 24 the fetus

will recognize the mother's voice enough to be

calmed by it.

Socio-emotional can be trigger through the

music and even sense of touch by the mother.


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SOCIO-

EMOTIONAL

INFANT

(SPIRITUAL, SOCIAL,

EMOTIONAL & MORAL)


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Ages & Stages Infants

Two infants born at the same time may be very

different. Some infants are very quiet and sleep a

lot. Other infants are very active. Accepting these

differences will make it easier to take care ofinfants and help them grow and develop.


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spiritual development

Undifferentiated (Primal) Faith (Infancy)

The earliest faith is the fund of basic trust and hope

in the care of others.

Undifferentiated faith experience of infancy is built

upon secure attachments.

A caregivers nurturance, protection, and

availability provide the basis for the earliest graspof divine care.


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Social and Emotional Development

Birth to Six Months

They begin to develop trust as their parents meet their needs such as

changing their diapers when needed, feeding them when they are hungry,

and holding them when they cry.

When frightened, infants cry and look surprised and afraid. They cry to express anger, pain and hunger.

It is their way of communicating.

They are easily excited or upset.

They need to be cradled and comforted.

Infants smile in response to a pleasant sound or a full stomach.

By four months, they smile broadly, laugh when pleased, and learn to

recognize faces and voices of parents.


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Six to Twelve Months

respond when you say their name.

They begin to fear strangers.

They begin to fear being left by their parents. They

get angry and frustrated when their needs are not

met in a reasonable amount of time. Infants will talk to themselves in front of a mirror.

They begin to learn what is and is not allowed.

Eye contact begins to replace some of the physicalcontact that younger infants seek.


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Moral Development

Egocentric Reasoning The first stage of moral development in children,

according to Dr. Lawrence Kohlberg, is referred to asegocentric reasoning.

From birth to the age of 4, children see the entire worldin terms of self.

The justification for why something is right is because thechild is getting his way.

The only things that enforce a child's way of thinking atthis stage is that acting one way will earn him rewards,and acting another way will earn him punishments.


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Empathy

The idea of empathy--or of experiencing anotherperson's pain and emotions as their own--is somethingthat manifests in children of this age group.

Young children who can barely vocalize, have beenobserved trying to comfort other people, such as ayoung boy offering his security blanket to an upset

mother.


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Learned Behavior

Infant morality, like most other forms of behavior that young childrenshow, is a learned behavior.

While young children are learning speech and grammar from their

parents, they're also learning about body language.

Once a child begins to comprehend behavior, he begins to learn what's

right and wrong by example.

If a child is punished for an act, then he learns that it must be wrong in

the eyes of his parents.

It's only later, once children begin to interact with people other than their

parents, and in situations outside their own home, do they begin todevelop a higher and more complicated sense of morality than what

they've been taught by example.


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Thank you.

Documents

Stages of Child Development and Related Developmental Theories