Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Stakeholder: Any person or group that affect or are affected by an organization’s decisions,
policies, or operations.
Firm
Regulators
Customers
Employees
Lenders
InvestorsCommunity
Stakeholder MapStakeholder Map: The Classic Wheel
Market (or Primary) Stakeholders:Engage in market transactions with the firm as it carries out its primary purpose of providing society with goods and services. For example:
• Employees• Stockholders• Creditors• Suppliers• Customers• Distributors, wholesalers, retailers
Nonmarket Stakeholders:No direct economic exchange, but affect or are affected by the firm.
• Communities• Governments• Activist groups (e.g., public interest groups)• Media• Business support groups• General public
Stakeholder Interests
! • Material! • Political! • Affiliative! • Informational! • Symbolic! • Spiritual
! • Power
! ! • Voting (formal governance)! ! • Economic! ! • Political! ! • Legal
! • Legitimacy
! • Urgency
Bases for Stakeholder Demands
Source: Wartick and Wood 1998; Mitchell, Agle, Wood 1997.
Stances of Stakeholder Engagement:
• Inactive • Reactive • Proactive • Interactive
Stakeholder Analysis:1. Who are the relevant stakeholders?2. What are the interests of each stakeholder?3. What is the power of each stakeholder?4. What is the legitmacy of each stakeholder and/or their claims?
6. How are coalitions likely to form: What are the structures or networks of stakeholder influence?
5. What is the urgency of each stakeholder?
6. How should each stakeholder be managed, given their particular interests, power, legitimacy, urgency, and allies? How should the constellation of stakeholders be managed as a set?