5 Year Plans

Planned economy •State to control all resources•State to decide on production

Fear of attack from capitalist countries•industrial production still low•Russia still behind Britain & France in development

Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx•peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks •NEP based on profit making

Industrialisation

develop heavy industries eg iron & steelproduce energy - coal, oil & electricity production

built communication lines - railways, canals

•Set up new industrial cities •built canals to link to ports•increased railway lines•develop mines•dams & power stations•massive building projects

Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan

Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan

Civilized life - productive workGustav Klutsis 1931

The message of this poster is directed to members of Komsomol, the communist youth organization. They have to set an example of civilized living and productive working.

Volunteers from youth organisations

1st Five Year Plans

35.4

7564

11.721.7 21.4

3.210 6.2

0

20

40

60

80

1927-8 target actual 1932

milli

ons o

f ton

s coal

oil

pig iron

How to support cost of industrialisation?Where to get labour for industrialisation?

How did Stalin increase production?

Punishment

loss of housinglabour camp

Reward

Better housingmore pay model workers - Stakhnovites

Targets were setall production had to meet targets

propaganda messages

Lebeshev, 1936We do like Stachanov!

Stachanov, a miner achieving incredibly high production figures, is held up as shining example for workers throughout the Soviet Union. Many years later, Soviet authorities admitted that Stachanov was assisted by a team of miners when he performed his heroic feats.

Lyubimov, 1931With shock labour we will ensure prompt delivery of the giants of the Five Year Plan

Workers have to speed up production in order to finish the large factories above in time.

What does the source tell you about the 5 Year plan?

Magnitogorsk - built during the 5 year Plan

Metropolitan Nikolav Dolggorukov 1931

In 1931, the Communist Party decides to the building a subway system in Moscow. The first line is opened for the public in 1935. On the poster, the chaos of traffic in the old center of Moscow in the photomontage left is contrasted with the spaciousness and efficiency in the large drawing.

Underground train station in Moscowas it is now

built during Stalin’s era

Sverdlosk in Urals

1933

1928

Collectivisation

•State to take over all farms•Pool small farms together•mechanize farming•decide what crops•all produce will be taken by State

•Sell farm produce abroad get capital for industrialisation

•with machines - less farm workers, more industrial workers

Effects of Collectivisation

Kulaks refusal to hand over farmsmass deportation of Kulaksdestruction of Kulaks

Farms mechanized less farm workers

Initially food production fell famine in 1932-33improved in late 1930s

Farm workers given health careeducation opportunities

No freedom of action

Crops sold abroadpeople get less

a collective farm in Ukrainepicture issued by government

Peasants admiring the first tractors

5 Year Plans : Success or Failure

Short Term effects

•few consumer goods•workers harshly treated•standard of living worsened

•Kulaks destroyed•famine 1932-33

Long Term effects

•Russia modernised•industrialised country•more powerful •communications improved•jobs for everyoneEconomy transformedState controlled all resources & people

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

By 1940, produced more iron & steel than Britain

3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts

increased energy production - dams & electrical plants

massive communications lines - roads, canals, railways

farming was mechanised - more efficient

Russia - modernised, strengthened

Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy industries, shortage of consumer goods

shortage of housing

high demands on workers - severe control & punishment

famine in 1932-33

agricultural production still low

elimination of kulaks

greater control - peasants not given internal passports

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

How Stalin controlled Russia

USE OF TERROR •purges•secret police •Court & police under Stalin’s control•press control •elimination of religion

PROPAGANDA•cult of Stalin•media reports•posters, banners•education•arts, theatre, films