Stanford hci group / cs147 Intro to HCI Design Midterm Review Session November 2/3 2006

stanford hci group / cs147

Intro to HCI Design http://cs147.stanford.edu

Midterm Review Session

November 2/3 2006

07 October 2004 2Ubicomp

Norman: “Design of Everyday Things”

Key Terms: Affordances Constraints Conceptual Models Mappings Visibility Feedback Consistency


ID 6.1 – ID 6.3: Interaction Design

Identifying Needs Prototyping (Developing alternative

designs) Implementation (Building interactive

versions of the design) Evaluating designs


IDEO

Understand steps of iterative design Process (also covered in lecture)

Needs -> Design -> Implement -> Test

HiFi / LoFi Prototype differences When to use particular methods

(lecture, not really reading)


ID 7.4: Data Gathering

Questionnaires Interviews Focus Groups and Workshops Naturalistic observation Studying documentation


ID 9.1 – ID 9.3: User-Centered Approaches to Interaction Design

Know your users Iterate a lot Measure


ID 12.1 – ID 12.5: Observing Users

Observation types: Quick and Dirty, Usability testing (video and logs), Field studies

How to observe: In controlled environments, In the field, Ethnography (this just means you are accepted by the group, as opposedto being an outsider)

Data collection: Notes+Camera, Audio+Camera, Video (and tradeoffs)

Indirect observation: Diaries, Interaction logging (in the program)


Hutchins What direct manipulation means (definition,

properties) Virtues of direct manipulation according to

Shneiderman Aspects of directness: "distance" and

"engagement“ Distance gulfs: "Gulf of Evaluation" vs. "Gulf of

Execution“ Forms of distance: semantic and articulatory --

what this distinction means and how the distance can be reduced

“Direct engagement": what it means and how it is produced

Problems with direct manipulation, and reassessment of Shneiderman's claims


Cooper: The Myth of Metaphor

Understand Cooper's 3 paradigms of software interfaces.

What do you get/lose by using a metaphor?

What makes a good idiom?


Liddle: "Design of the Conceptual Model"

Understand the different between recognition and recall

Be familiar with progressive disclosure

Why did the Star system fail? Be familiar with the 3 phases of

technology development (also covered in lecture)


Winograd: The Alto and the Star

Useful to know the main contributions of Alto/Star, such as: direct manipulation WYSIWIG consistent commands


Doyle: “What Goes Wrong at Meetings"

Practical tips for making your group meetings more effective common meeting problems advice for group member roles at

meetings “Interaction Method" for keeping

meetings on track by splitting up roles


Norman: BDS

Design as practiced is different from design as taught

In the actual situation, cultural, social, and organizational issues can dominate the user-oriented aspects of design.

Understand the story of the Mac power switch and how it applies


Mullet: Chapter 2

Be familiar with the benefits of simplicity in visual design

Be familiar with common visual design pitfalls

Understand what it means to reduce, regularize and combine visual elements.


Mullet: Chapter 4 What does a good visual structure

provide? Be familiar with the relevant/described

gestalt principles of grouping Understand what a visual hierarchy is

and the utility of balance, symmetry and negative space in creating it

Be aware of common visual design problems errors in software interfaces


Waern Understand the overall Cognition system

Yerkes-Dodson Law – Performance vs Arousal Selective Attention – Concept of needing to choose what to pay attention to Understand relationship between Effort and Attention

Implications of above for HCI Quantitative aspects of vision/audition Understand the:

similarity law proximity law continuity law law of closure gestalt shifts impossible objects and how those principles apply to HCI design

Understand Motor characteristics, especially Fitts law Understand how short term memory works (from

lecture, but similar topic)


Van Duyne Stages of the iterative design process Design principles Types of rapid prototyping Stages of prototyping: paper prototypes,

medium and hi-fi prototypes Evaluation techniques: think-aloud

protocol, heuristic evaluation, expert reviews, formal usability studies: understand what each technique is and to which situations it best applies


Rettig

Problems with Hifi prototyping and advantages of doing Lofi first

Tips for creating a paper prototype (useful for group project assignment)

How to run user tests with a paper prototype (also useful)


Nielsen: History Generations of user interfaces: batch

processing, command line, full screen, graphical, etc.

Understand the hardware technology, operating mode, and UI paradigm of each

Impact and contributions of various historical systems (e.g. Sketchpad, Augment, Alto/Star)

Advantages of the GUI and direct manipulation

History of interaction styles and evolutionary trends


Krug: "How We Really Use the Web"

People don't generally use your website the way you design it because They scan instead of reading details They “satisfice" instead of making

optimal choices They "muddle through" instead of

figuring out how things really work


Hinckley:"Input Technologies and Techniques" Be familiar with the various

properties of input devices Why has the mouse stayed around

so long? Why are keyboards hard to replace?

Be familiar with Buxton's 3 state model for devices

Understand Fitt's law and its implications


Dourish: "Getting in Touch" Ever-lower cost of computation

opens new uses Ubiquitous computing – Use /

Importance of context in software Virtual vs Physical interaction --

Tangible interfaces Virtual vs Augmented reality Ambient Interfaces

Documents

Stanford hci group / cs147 Intro to HCI Design Midterm Review Session November 2/3 2006