Start of the Cold WarStart of the Cold War

1946-19501946-1950

Differences Between US & USSRDifferences Between US & USSR

1. 1. communismcommunism 2. 2. totalitarian dictatortotalitarian dictator 3. 3. government government

ownership of all ownership of all propertyproperty

4. 4. wanted satellite wanted satellite nations in Eastern nations in Eastern Europe as a bufferEurope as a buffer

5. 5. largest army in largest army in worldworld

1. 1. democracydemocracy 2. 2. capitalismcapitalism 3. 3. private ownership private ownership

of propertyof property 4. 4. has nuclear has nuclear

weaponsweapons 5. 5. wants free elections wants free elections

in Eastern Europein Eastern Europe

Characteristics of LeadersCharacteristics of Leaders 1. dictator1. dictator 2. doesn’t allow 2. doesn’t allow

oppositionopposition 3. paranoid= purges 3. paranoid= purges

of own peopleof own people 4. doesn’t honor WWII 4. doesn’t honor WWII

conference conference commitmentscommitments

1. seen as average 1. seen as average manman

2. no college 2. no college educationeducation

3. stubborn3. stubborn 4. decisive 4. decisive

Satellite NationsSatellite Nations

Communist Eastern European Communist Eastern European countries that are controlled by the countries that are controlled by the USSR in order to be a buffer between USSR in order to be a buffer between Germany and the democratic west.Germany and the democratic west.

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

Churchill was the Churchill was the former former Prime Prime Minister Minister of Britain.of Britain.

He described the He described the tension between tension between democratic and democratic and communist nations communist nations in Europe as the in Europe as the ““Iron CurtainIron Curtain””

ContainmentContainment

US foreign policy in US foreign policy in which the USA which the USA promised to block promised to block the spread of the spread of communism communism worldwide by worldwide by creating alliances creating alliances with with democraticdemocratic & & capitalist capitalist countriescountries

Cold WarCold War

The state of hostility & distrust The state of hostility & distrust between the USA & USSR after WWII between the USA & USSR after WWII without any direct military action without any direct military action between its start & the fall of the between its start & the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989.Soviet Union in 1989.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Statement by Truman Statement by Truman in 1946 saying the US in 1946 saying the US would support would support democraciesdemocracies & oppose & oppose the spread of the spread of communism communism anywhere.anywhere.

Opponents in the Opponents in the Senate worried the US Senate worried the US militarymilitary would be would be spread too thin, spread too thin, allowing the USSR to allowing the USSR to attack us.attack us.

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Plan to give money Plan to give money to European to European nations to nations to rebuild rebuild after WWII in order after WWII in order to prevent the to prevent the USSR from USSR from helping/containing helping/containing communism from communism from spreading into spreading into western western Europe by Europe by making nations making nations owe us their owe us their loyaltyloyalty..

GermanyGermany At the end of WWII At the end of WWII Germany was split into Germany was split into 22 parts for reconstruction:parts for reconstruction:• EasternEastern Germany= Germany=

rebuilt by USSR so it rebuilt by USSR so it became communistbecame communist

• WesternWestern Germany= Germany= rebuilt by the US, Britain rebuilt by the US, Britain & France= democratic & & France= democratic & capitalistcapitalist

• PunishPunish Germany Germany severely & severely & dividedivide it so it so Germany could never Germany could never attack the USSR againattack the USSR again

• RebuildRebuild Germany & Germany & ensure it becomes a ensure it becomes a democracydemocracy

Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade

The USA wanted to The USA wanted to reunifyreunify Germany & Germany & Russia wanted to keep it Russia wanted to keep it weak & divided.weak & divided.

USSR decided it did not USSR decided it did not want Berlin to have want Berlin to have democracy so it democracy so it blockadedblockaded the city & the city & tried to tried to starvestarve the the people into surrendering people into surrendering & becoming & becoming communistscommunists

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

To break the Berlin To break the Berlin Blockade, the US Blockade, the US flew in flew in food & food & suppliessupplies to west to west Berlin for Berlin for 327 327 days days until the USSR until the USSR lifted the blockade.lifted the blockade.

NATONATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization:North Atlantic Treaty Organization:

10 western democratic/capitalist 10 western democratic/capitalist European countries joined with the European countries joined with the US & Canada US & Canada for a defensive military for a defensive military alliance– promised an attack on alliance– promised an attack on oneone is an attack on is an attack on allall– to prevent the – to prevent the spread of communism into Europespread of communism into Europe

FearFear

1. 1. Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution 2. 2. Spreading Spreading

communism in Europecommunism in Europe 3. 3. Spies trying to Spies trying to

overthrow gov’toverthrow gov’t 4. 4. Communists Communists

stealing plans for the stealing plans for the a-bomba-bomb

5. 5. Fear of invasion by Fear of invasion by communistscommunists

HUACHUAC House Un-American House Un-American

Activities Committee– Activities Committee– Congressional Congressional commission led by commission led by Joseph McCarthy Joseph McCarthy charged with charged with investigating potential investigating potential communists communists working working for the US gov’tfor the US gov’t

““BlacklistedBlacklisted” ” suspected suspected communists who then communists who then could not get a jobcould not get a job

McCarthyMcCarthy

Joseph McCarthy= Joseph McCarthy= Senator from Senator from WisconsinWisconsin who led who led the HUAC meetings the HUAC meetings & accused people & accused people of being of being communistscommunists

““McCarthyismMcCarthyism”= ”= accusing someone accusing someone of something with of something with no evidenceno evidence

Alger HissAlger Hiss

StateState Department Department employee who was employee who was accused of giving accused of giving plans for the plans for the atomic bomb atomic bomb to the to the Soviets.Soviets.

Convicted of Convicted of perjuryperjury (lying (lying under oath) under oath)

RosenbergsRosenbergs

American citizens American citizens convictedconvicted & & executedexecuted for being for being communist spiescommunist spies

Stole plans for the Stole plans for the atomic bomb atomic bomb & & passed them on to passed them on to HissHiss

Arms RaceArms Race

Started in 1949 Started in 1949 when the when the USSRUSSR exploded its first exploded its first atomic bomb.atomic bomb.

It escalated when It escalated when the USSR exploded the USSR exploded the first the first hydrogen hydrogen bombbomb

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

USSR created the USSR created the Warsaw Pact in Warsaw Pact in response to response to NATONATO= = alliance of all alliance of all communist communist satellite satellite nations in Eastern nations in Eastern Europe.Europe.

Also said an Also said an attack attack on one = attack on on one = attack on all.all.

KhrushchevKhrushchev

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Khrushchev took command of took command of the USSR after the USSR after StalinStalin died. died.

He was He was lessless harsh harsh on Russians & tried on Russians & tried to to easeease tensions tensions until the Hungarian until the Hungarian Rebellion. Rebellion.

He then He then crushedcrushed any rebellions.any rebellions.

SputnikSputnik

Sputnik was the 1Sputnik was the 1stst Soviet Soviet satellitesatellite in in space. space.

It started the “It started the “space racespace race” because it ” because it scared people that if the USSR scared people that if the USSR controlled space, they could controlled space, they could bombbomb us. They also felt the Soviets were us. They also felt the Soviets were smartersmarter than us & had than us & had betterbetter schools schools

It led to the creation of It led to the creation of NASANASA & & increased funding of increased funding of math & science math & science programs in schoolsprograms in schools