35th International Battery Seminar & Exhibit

Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, March 28, 2018

12V Start-Stop and 48V Mild Hybrid LMO-LTO Batteries

Veselin Manev Ph.D., Kevin Dahlberg Ph.D., Susmitha Gopu, Steve Cochran

XALT - Building on Eighteen Years of Proven Experience

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Kokam

technology

brought to US

$305 M in grants

($161M DOE and

$144 MEGA grants)

Official formation of

Dow Kokam LLC

50/50 JV between Dow

Chemical and

Townsend Ventures

Commercial production

of large format cells at

Midland Battery Park

Kokam Companies, Ltd.

Began producing large

format lithium polymer

batteries

Townsend acquires Dow

Chemical’s interest

Dow Kokam LLC renamed

XALT Energy, LLC

2005 2008 2009 201320121998 2014 2015 2016

R&D 100 Finalist

for new LTO

chemistry

Townsend Capital

purchases

controlling interest in

Kokam Co., Ltd

XALT is exclusive

supplier of Li-on

batteries for

Formula E

XALT Delivers 1st

commercial XPAND

subpacks and BMS

1990’s 2000’s 2010’sDevelopment of large format cells in Korea

Manufacturing brought to United States

Re-emerging with new products, capabilities, and strategic partnerships

2017

XALT receives

GB/T Certification

for LTO cell

PBES partnership

for marine market

XALT Technology Park

opens in Pontiac

XALT begins

production of new

NMC ceramic

separator cell

XALT & ONRL

partnership

Townsend

invests in

ALD Coating

Technology

2Ah R&D line

Established in

Midland

Launching Gen II

cell

Commences XALT

cell and pack sales

World-Class Manufacturing Capabilities

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Highly Sophisticated Manufacturing ProcessSuperior Quality Control

Coating and Drying Electrode Punching Cell Assembly Stacking

Electrolyte Filling Formation Grading and Packaging

Extensive raw material acceptance testing

Extensive process automation with Advanced robotic

stacking and vision systems for enhanced quality

control, reliability and consistency

No human handling of electrodes

All manufacturing in clean/dry rooms

Full product traceability

Quality checks throughout the operation

Complete separation of anode and cathode lines to

eliminate risk of cross contamination

XALT utilizes a proven manufacturing process with state-of-the-art automated equipment to efficiently produce superior and consistent

cells that can be relied upon.

XALT Energy, LLC: from Cells to Systems

XALT design and manufacture:

Large format, long-life NMC and LTO Li-ion cells

263 mm x 266 mm and 225 mm x 225 mm

Compact, Safe, Reliable Battery Packs

XMP and XMOD

State-of-the-art Battery Management Systems

System peripherals, including service tools

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XALT Battery Products Applications

HK Electric Bus - 70kWh LTO

Gillig Electric Bus - 100kWh NMC

New Flyer Electric Bus - 200kWh NMC

Etta Ferd Supply Vessel - 260kWh NMC

Prinsesse Benedikte Hybrid Ferry – 2.7MWh NMC

Ampere All-Electric Ferry – 1.4MWh NMC

Community Energy Storage 250kWh NMC

40 Ft Grid Energy Storage Container 2.4MWh NMC

Formula e 53 Ah HE NMC

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NMC/Graphite 65 Ah Ultra High Energy

XALT’s NMC/Graphite Gen I vs Gen II Cells – Same Cell Format

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NMC/Graphite 40 Ah High Power

Both cells have the same format and are available as cells or modules XMP71P (40 HP) and XMOD114E (65 UHE)

Gen I Gen II

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For LMO-LTO start-stop battery

development, XALT successfully

utilized its extensive expertise in

stabilization of electrode interfaces

created during development of the

60Ah NCM-LTO cell.

The basic parameters of the 60 Ah HP

NCM-LTO cell is shown on the right

and its unique and unmatched cycle

life performance is illustrated on the

next two slides.

XALT Start-Stop started from

its NCM-LTO battery expertise

The graphs in this slide show the 25oC cycle life production

validation test of the current baseline cell. The test is

performing at 100% DOD, 2C/2C charge & discharge rate. As

displayed, after 18,000 of 100% DOD cycles at 25oC there is

1% capacity fade and no significant change in the cell’s

impedance.

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60 HP NMC-LTO cell cycling performance

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The group of graphs in this slide shows the 55oC cycle life

validation test of a new cell production process. The test is

performing at 55oC, 100% DOD, and 2C/2C charge &

discharge rate. As displayed, after 5,000 cycles at 55oC the

cells display about 1% capacity fade and no significant

change in the cell’s impedance.

60 HP NMC-LTO cell cycling performance

Effect of surface area of LMO on EIS at different temperatures (a) 25°C, (b) 0°C, (c) -30°C

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XALT LMO-LTO Cell Design & Performance Strategy As shown below the increase in specific surface areas of electrode materials greatly decreases the

cell’s impedance at -30oC and respectively increases its cold cranking power. In order to assure

good cold cranking performance the XALT start-stop battery strategy includes increase in BET of

electrode materials and respectively stabilizing their interface by use of a combination of interface

protective layers.

During discharge the LTO material loses three Li. During the first two Li there is no change in

electronic conductivity. During the extraction of the last Li the LTO changes its electronic

conductivity by 11 orders of magnitude from a good electronic conductor to an insulator. So the XALT

start-stop strategy includes the use of a high energy cell design rather than a high power one, to get a

75 Wh/kg LMO-LTO cell, and to decrease the energy fade in the end of the life to about 10% in order to

avoid the operation in last 30% SOC.

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XALT LMO-LTO Cell Design & Performance Strategy

XALT’s LMO-LTO Start-Stop Battery under development

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The basic parameters and performance of XALT’s 12 V start stop battery under development are

outlined in the table below. Based on the 1 Ah lab cells’ data the pack will consist of 5 of 48 Ah cell

with 75Wh/kg specific energy, which will deliver 600 Wh pack energy. The total cells weight will be 8

kg and the pack weigh is expected to be 10 kg.

Nominal votage 12 V

Cells & Pack capacity 48 Ah

Cells number 5

Pack Energy 600 Wh

Cells weight 8 kg

Cells Sp energy 75 Wh/kg

Max voltage 14.5 V

Min voltage 10.5 V

Max power 16 kW

Expected pack weight 10 kg

12 V Start Stop Pack Configuration

2C/2C & 100% DOD Cycle Life @ 30oC for Start/Stop LMO-LTO Cells

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Single layer LMO-LTO lab cells performed about 4,000 cycles at 100% DOD and 30oC with

97% capacity retention (blue curves), suggesting more then 20,000 of 100% DOD cycles at

30oC. The current 1 Ah LTO-LMO cells (red curve) so far are performing much better - no

change in capacity the first 1000 cycles and impedance leveling off after 10% increase

2C/2C & 100% DOD Cycle Life @ 30oC, 45oC and 55oC 1 Ah LMO-LTO Cells

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In addition to the good 30oC cycling performance the current baseline 1 Ah LMO-LTO cells

display also good elevated temperature performance. As illustrated below the 1 Ah LMO-LTO

cells are keeping 96% of their capacity after more than 1100 cycles at 55oC. The Models

predict at least 5,000 cycles at 55oC with 80% capacity retention.

Cold Crank Data from 1Ah LMO-LTO Cells Scaled Up to 8 kg Cells Pack

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Cold Crank procedure:

3 cycles of:

• 0.5 sec pulse

power of 6kW

• 4 sec pulse power

of 4kW

• 10sec rest

1Ah lab cell performance

scaled up to 8 kg cells in

10 kg start-stop 12 V

battery pack

100% SOC50% SOC

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We used the same cell design as reported in previous slides for start-stop application, and scaled

up the 1 Ah lab cell performance to 48 V & 16 kW and 48V & 24 kW batteries packs. The 16 kW

power is considered to be in the highest range of mild hybrid applications, while the 24 kW power is

in the lower range of full hybrid batteries. The calculated parameters and performance of both

packs are listed below:

48 V & 16 kW Mild Hybrid vs. Gen 2 48 V & 24 kW Battery Configuration

Nominal votage 48 V

Cell capacity 12 Ah

Cells number 18

Max power (operational) 16 kW

Max power at 70% SOC 23 kW

Energy 540 Wh

Cells weight 7.2 kg

Max voltage 52 V

Min voltage 36 V

Cells Sp energy 75 Wh/kg

Expected pack weight 9 kg

48 V & 16 kW Mild Hybrid Pack ConfigurationNominal votage 48 V

Cell capacity 18 Ah

Cells number 18

Max power (operational) 24 kW

Max power at 70% SOC 33 kW

Energy 810 Wh

Cells weight 10.8kg

Max voltage 52 V

Min voltage 36 V

Cells Sp energy 75 Wh/kg

Expected pack weight 14 kg

Gen 2 48V & 24 kW Pack Configuration

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HPPC results from 1Ah LMO-LTO cells scaled up to 7.2 kg cells weight in a 48 V mild hybrid battery

pack suggests 10 sec charge & discharge pulse power much higher than 16 kW in the 40%-95% SOC

operating window. The graph on the right shows the current during the max 16 kW power as a function

of state of charge. As displayed the expected max 10 sec pulse current is in the range of 400 A which

is acceptable.

48 V & 16 kW Mild Hybrid

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HPPC results from 1Ah LMO-LTO cells scaled up to 10.8 kg cells weight in a 48 V full hybrid battery

pack suggests charge & discharge power higher than 24 kW in the 40%-95% SOC operating

window. The expected current at the max 24 kW & 10 sec pulse power shown on the right graph

suggests max current exceeding 600 A and this may create an issue that needs to be addressed.

Gen 2 48 V & 24 kW Pack Configuration

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As displayed XALT production NCM-LTO cells show unmatched cycle life performance at both

room (18,000 cycles with 1% capacity fade) and elevated temperature (5,000 at 55oC with 1%

capacity fade)

The LMO-LTO cells, which are currently under development for start-stop battery application,

also show very good cycle life – data suggest at least 20,000 of 100% DOD cycles at 30oC and

5,000 cycles at 55oC with 80% capacity retention.

The HPPC test of the LMO-LTO cells with the same design as the current 1 Ah lab cells for the

start-stop program shows that LMO-LTO chemistry can support 16 kW 48 V mild hybrid battery

with about 0.5 kWh energy and 9 kg weight.

The HPPC data also show that the LMO-LTO chemistry can support 24 kW 48 V hybrid battery

with 0.8 kW energy and 14-15 kg weight.

As the HPPC power data are obtained from cells with relatively high specific energy for LMO-

LTO chemistry cells it is imperative that we can trade energy for power by decreasing electrode

thickness and increase the 48 V battery power for a lower available energy.

Summary: