State control was enforced in two ways

Secret Police• The secret police

arrested people who spoke out against the government or were otherwise considered a threat.

Spies• Soviet spies

infiltrated western countries to learn their secrets as well as learn if anyone from their communist countries had switched sides.

This was not just in the U.S.S.R• While there are some differences between

communist countries, for the most part they were and still are very restrictive about Human Rights and stick to the main economic principles of communism.

Cold War Alignments: 1953

Cold War Alignments: 1980Cold War Alignments: 1980

Berlin Wall: 1961• In a masterfully-planned operation, spanning just 24 hours,

the streets of Berlin were torn up, barricades of paving stones were erected, tanks were gathered at crucial places and subways and local railway services were interrupted, so that within a day the West of Berlin was completely sealed off from the East.

• As of that same day inhabitants of East Berlin and East Germany were no longer allowed to enter the West of the city (including the 60,000 who had been commuters).

Berlin Wall built to stop East Germans from fleeing to the west!

• The wall was built to split East and West Berlin in 1961 and stood until 1989.

• About 100-200 people were killed trying to cross over, under, or through this wall to join their families and friends on the other side.

• It eventually extended for over 100 miles.

Berlin Wall in the 1980’s

Political Cartoons

The Cold War

Look at this political cartoon:

What makes a good political cartoon?

• A recognizable issue• Symbols• Exaggeration• Humor & Irony• Captions• Point of View• Caricatures (funny portraits)

Recognizable Issue Key figures of the Cold War: Stalin, Truman, etc.

Churchill’s “iron curtain”

Truman Doctrine

Containment

The Marshall Plan

Divisions in Germany

Berlin Airlift

Military Alliances: NATO, Warsaw Pact

The Arms Race

The Propaganda War

Symbols

Exaggeration

Humor and Irony

Captions

Point of View

Caricature