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2010. M.2

Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit

State Examinations Commission

LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2010 ___________

ANCIENT GREEK — HIGHER LEVEL

(400 marks) ___________

TIME: 3 Hours ___________

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1. Answer Section A or Section B:- [50]

A. Translate into Greek:-

Epaminondas was a good man, who so loved the truth that he never told a lie. Under his leadership the

Thebans defeated the Spartans. However, when the army finally returned home, he was seized as a

traitor — for according to the law a citizen could hold the supreme power for only one month.

Epaminondas did not try to escape. “If I must die,” he said, “write on my tombstone that I died on

behalf of my country.” Hearing this, the judges made him their leader again.

Epaminondas: o( 0Epameinw&ndaj –ou. traitor: o( prodo/thj –ou. supreme power: h( a)rxh/ –h=j. month: o( mh&n -mhno/j. tombstone: h( sth&lh –hj.

OR

B. Read the following passage and answer, in English, all the questions which follow:-

(On the opposite side of a river, a fierce tribe, the Macrones, are drawn up for battle against the Greeks.

Xenophon and the other Greek generals negotiate a truce.)

h]n de\ o9 potamo\j dasu\j de/ndresi: tau=t’ e0pei\ prosh=lqon oi9 3Ellhnej e1kopton, speu/dontej e0k tou= xwri/ou w(j ta&xista e0celqei=n. oi9 de\ Ma/krwnej a)llh&loij diekeleu/onto kai\ li/qouj ei0j to\n potamo\n e1rripton. e1nqa dh\ prose/rxetai Cenofw~nti tw~n peltastw~n a)nh\r fa/skwn 0Aqh/nh|si dedouleuke/nai, le/gwn o3ti gignw&skoi th\n fwnh\n tw~n a)nqrw&pwn. “ kai\ oi]mai,” e1fh, “e0mh\n tau/thn patri/da ei]nai: kai\ ei0 mh/ ti kwlu/ei, e0qe/lw au0toi=j diale/gesqai.” “ a)ll' ou0de\n kwlu/ei,” e1fh o( Cenofw~n. “ e0rw&ta au0tou\j ti/ xrh|/zousin h(mi=n pole/mioi ei]nai.” oi9 d' a0pekri/nanto, “ u(mei=j e0pi\ th\n h(mete/ran xw&ran e1rxesqe.” le/gein de\ e0ke/leuon oi9 strathgoi/, “ ou0 kakw~j ge poih/sontej, a)lla\ basilei= polemh/santej a)perxo/meqa ei0j th\n 9Ella/da, kai\ e0pi\ qa/lattan boulo/meqa a)fike/sqai.” h)rw&twn e0kei=noi ei0 doi=en a@n tou/twn ta\ pista/. oi9 d' e1fasan kai\ dou=nai kai\ labei=n e0qe/lein. e0nteu=qen dido/asin oi9 Ma/krwnej barbarikh\n lo/gxhn toi=j 3Ellhsin, oi9 de\ 3Ellhnej e0kei/noij 9Ellhnikh/n.

dasu/j: rough, thick. peltasth&j: peltast (lightly-armed soldier). oi]mai: I think. xrh|/zw: I desire. basileu/j: the Persian king. pisto/n: pledge, security. lo/gxh: spear.

(a) What do the Greeks do when they reach the river? (6) (b) What are the Macrones doing on the other side of the river? (7) (c ) One of the peltasts approaches Xenophon. What was he at Athens, according to himself, and what

does he recognise now? (8)

(d) What does the peltast realise concerning the land of the Macrones? What does he want to do? (7) (e) What is Xenophon’s question to the Macrones, and what is their reply? (7) (f) What explanation do the generals give for their presence in this land? (8) (g) Explain how the Greeks and the Macrones conclude a truce. (7)

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2. Translate into English one passage from Section A and one passage from Section B:- [180]

A. (i) (Xenophon tells the soldiers it was their decision to join Seuthes, although earlier he himself was against

this move.) e0k de\ tou/tou, Cenofw~n e!lecen w{de: “ 0Epei\ e0nqa/de h}lqon, Seu/qou pollou\j a)gge/louj pro\j e0me

pe/mpontoj kai\ polla\ u9pisxnoume/nou moi ei0 pei/saimi u9ma~j pro\j au)to\n e0lqei=n, tou=to me\n ou0k e0pexei/rhsa

poiei=n, w(j au0toi\ u9mei=j e0pi/stasqe. h]gon de\ pro\j to/pon o3qen w)|o/mhn ta/xist’ a2n u9ma~j ei0j th\n )Asi/an

diabh=nai. tau=ta ga\r kai\ be/ltista e0no/mizon u9mi=n ei]nai kai\ u9ma~j h2|dein boulome/nouj. e0pei\ d’

0Ari/starxoj e2lqwn su\n trih/resin e0kw/lue diaplei=n h9ma~j, e0k tou/tou sune/leca u9ma~j o3pwj bouleusai/meqa

o3 ti xrh\ poiei=n. ou0kou=n u9mei=j a0kou/ontej me\n 0Arista/rxou e0pita/ttontoj u9mi=n ei0j Xerro/nhson

poreu/esqai. a0kou/ontej de\ Seu/qou pei/qontoj e9autw~| sustrateu/esqai, pa/ntej me\n e0le/gete su\n Seu/qh|

i0e/nai, pa/ntej d’ e0yhfi/sasqe tau=ta.

XENOPHON (90) e0pixeire/w: I attempt. oi1mai: I think. h1|dein: “I knew”. sulle/gw: I gather together. ou0kou~n: therefore. yhfi/zomai: I vote.

OR

(ii) (Despite regarding pigs as unclean and swineherds as socially inferior, the Egyptians celebrate one festival at which they sacrifice pigs and eat the meat. However Herodotus does not tell all he knows.)

u{n de\ Ai0gu/ptioi miaro\n h3ghntai qhri/on ei]nai: kai\ h!n tij| au)tw~n pariw_n yau/sh u(o/j, au0toi=si toi=si

i9mati/oisi a)pe/baye e9wuto\n ba_j e0j to\n potamo/n. oi9 de\ subw~tai, kai/per e0o/ntej Ai0gu/ptioi e0ggene/ej, e0j

i9ro\n ou0de\n tw~n e0n Ai0gu/ptw| e0se/rxontai, ou0de/ sfi e0kdi/dosqai ou0dei\j qugate/ra e0qe/lei ou0d' a!gesqai e0c

au0tw~n, a)ll' e0kdi/dontai/ te oi9 subw~tai kai\ a!gontai e0c a)llh/lwn.

toi=si me/n nun a!lloisi qeoi=si qu/ein u9a\j ou0 dikaieu=si Ai0gu/ptioi, Selh&nh| de\ kai\ Dionu/sw| mou/noisi

tou= au0tou= xro/nou, th=| au)th=| panselh&nw|, tou\j u9a\j qu/santej pate/ontai tw~n krew~n. dio/ti de\ tou\j u9a\j e0n

me\n th=|si a!llh|si o(rth=|si a)pestugh&kasi, e0n de\ tau/th| qu/ousi, e1sti me\n lo/goj peri\ au0tou= u(p' Ai0gupti/wn

lego/menoj, e0moi\ me/ntoi e0pistame/nw| ou0k eu0prepe/stero/j e0sti le/gesqai.

HERODOTUS (90)

u{j: pig. miaro/j: unclean. h!n = e0a&n. yau/w (+ Genitive Case): I touch. i9ma&tion: clothing. a)poba&ptw: I plunge. subw&thj: swineherd e0ggenh&j: native. e0kdi/domai: I give away in marriage. dikaio/w: I think it right. panse/lhnoj: the time of the full moon. pate/omai (+ Genitive Case): I eat. o(rth& = e9orth&. a)postuge/w: I hate. eu0preph&j: appropriate.

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B.

(i) (A Theban herald urges the Athenian King to do what he is told to avoid the storm of war. Hope is untrustworthy. Often those voting for war do not see the risk to themselves.)

ka2n me\n pi/qh| moi, kuma&twn a!ter po/lin

sh\n naustolh/seij: ei0 de\ mh/, polu\j klu/dwn

h(mi=n te kai\ soi\ summa&xoij t' e1stai doro/j.

ske/yai de/, kai\ mh\, toi=j e0moi=j qumou/menoj

lo/goisin, w(j dh\ po/lin e0leuqe/ran e1xwn,

sfrigw~nt' a)mei/yh| mu=qon e0k braxio/nwn:

e0lpi\j ga&r e0st' a!piston, h4 polla\j po/leij

sunh=y', a!gousa qumo\n ei0j u(perbola&j.

o3tan ga\r e1lqh| po/lemoj e0j yh=fon lew&,

ou0dei\j e0f' au(tou= qa&naton e0klogi/zetai,

to\ dustuxe\j de\ tou=t' e0j a!llon e0ktre/pei.

EURIPIDES (90)

ka2n = kai\ e0a&n. a!ter (+ Genitive Case): without. naustole/w: I steer. klu/dwn: storm. doro/j- Genitive Case of doru/ : warfare. mh/....a)mei/yh|: “Do not answer”. qumo/w: I anger. sfriga&w: I am swollen, puffed up. e0k braxio/nwn: “from your weaker position”. suna&ptw: I bring into conflict. u(perbolh/: excess. yh=foj: vote. lew& - Genitive Case of lew&j : the people. e0klogi/zomai: I reckon on.

OR

(ii) (Odysseus orders Telemachus to move the weapons from the walls of the great hall and tells him what to say if the Suitors notice that the weapons are missing.)

To\n d’ a)pameibo/menoj prose/fh polumh/tij 0Odusseu/j:

“Thle/maxoj, xrh\ teu/xe' a)rh/i+a katqe/men ei1sw

pa&nta ma&l': au0ta\r mnhsth=raj malakoi=j e0pe/essi

parfa&sqai, o3te ke/n se metallw~sin poqe/ontej:

“e0k kapnou= kate/qhk', e0pei\ ou0ke/ti toi=sin e0w&|kei

oi[a& pote Troi/hnde kiw_n kate/leipen 0Odusseu/j,

a)lla\ kath/|kistai, o3sson puro\j i3ket' a)u+tmh/.

pro\j d' e1ti kai\ to/de mei=zon e0ni\ fresi\n e1bale dai/mwn,

mh/ pwj oi0nwqe/ntej, e1rin sth/santej e0n u(mi=n,

a)llh/louj trw&shte kataisxu/nhte/ te dai=ta.”

HOMER (90)

a)pamei/bomai: I answer. a)rh/i+oj: warlike. katqe/men: Infinitive from katati/qhmi. mnhsth/r: suitor. malako/j: gentle. para&fhmi: I persuade. metalla&w: I question. poqe/w: I miss. kapno/j: smoke. e1oika (+ Dative Case): I am like. ki/w: I go. kataiki/zw: I befoul, dirty. a)u+tmh/: blaze . e1rij: quarrel. trw&w: I wound. kataisxu/nw: I bring shame on. dai/j: feast.

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3. Answer either Section A or Section B in this question:- [80]

A. (i) Translate into English: (50)

tau=ta ei1paj kai\ 0Arta&banon a)postei/laj e0j Sou=sa deu/tera metepe/myato Ce/rchj Perse/wn tou\j dokimwta&touj: e0pei\ de/ oi9 parh=san, e1lege/ sfi ta&de: ‘w} Pe/rsai, tw~nd' e0gw_ u(me/wn xrhi/zwn sune/leca, a!ndraj te gi/nesqai a)gaqou\j kai\ mh\ kataisxu/nein ta_ pro/sqe e0rgasme/na Pe/rsh|si, e0o/nta mega&la te kai\ pollou= a!cia, a)ll' ei[j te e3kastoj kai\ oi9 su/mpantej proqumi/hn e1xwmen: cuno\n ga_r pa~si tou=to a)gaqo\n speu/detai. tw~nde de\ ei3neka proagoreu/w a)nte/xesqai tou= pole/mou e0ntetame/nwj: w(j ga_r e0gw_ punqa&nomai, e0p' a!ndraj strateuo/meqa a)gaqou/j, tw~n h2n krath/swmen, ou0 mh/ tij h(mi=n a!lloj strato\j a)ntisth=| kote a)nqrw&pwn. nu=n de\ diabai/nwmen e0peuca&menoi toi=si qeoi=si oi4 Persi/da gh=n lelo/gxasi.’

A WORLD OF HEROES

(ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each:- (30)

(a) Give a brief outline of Persian customs as described by Herodotus.

(b) Comment on Herodotus’ portrayal of the Spartans.

(c) Based on your reading of Herodotus, do you think he is a good historian? Justify your answer.

(d) Write a short note on any two of the following:- Artabanos; Demaratos; Ephialtes.

(e) Explain the case of h(mi=n and the mood of diabai/nwmen underlined in the passage above.

B.

(i) Translate into English:- (50)

MH. a)ll' w{nper ou3nek' ei0j e0mou\j h3keij lo/gouj, ta\ me\n le/lektai, tw~n d' e0gw_ mnhsqh/somai. e0pei\ tura&nnoij gh=j m' a)postei=lai dokei= — ka)moi\ ta&d' e0sti\ lw~|sta, gignw&skw kalw~j, mh/t' e0mpodw_n soi\ mh/te koira&noij xqono\j nai/ein: dokw~ ga\r dusmenh\j ei]nai do/moij — h(mei=j me\n e0k gh=j th=sd' a)pai/romen fugh=|, pai=dej d' o3pwj a@n e0ktrafw~si sh=| xeri/, ai0tou= Kre/onta th/nde mh\ feu/gein xqo/na. IA. ou0k oi]d' a@n ei0 pei/saimi, peira~sqai de\ xrh/. MH. su\ d' a)lla\ sh\n ke/leuson ai0tei=sqai patro\j gunai=ka pai=daj th/nde mh\ feu/gein xqo/na. IA. ma&lista, kai\ pei/sein ge doca&zw sf' e0gw&. MH. ei1per gunaikw~n e0sti tw~n a!llwn mi/a. sullh/yomai de\ tou=de/ soi ka)gw_ po/nou. THE INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

(ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each:- (30)

(a) Outline the events in Medea’s life prior to her arrival in Corinth with Jason.

(b) Examine whether Jason is justified in abandoning Medea to marry another woman.

(c) What can we learn about Medea’s character from the way Princess Glauke dies?

(d) Write a short note on any two of the following:- the Nurse; Kreon; Aigeus.

(e) Scan the first line in the passage above. Mark the quantities and name the metre.

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4. Answer three of the following questions. At least one question must be chosen from Section A and one question from Section B. The third question may be chosen from either Section A or Section B. (Each question carries thirty marks):- [90]

A.

(i) You are Nicias being led to your execution. Review the events that have occurred since your departure

from Athens for Sicily, and reflect on the decisions that have brought you to your present situation.

(ii) Write notes on any two of the following:-

battle of Arginusae; the Thirty Tyrants; Pelopidas; battle of the Granicus River.

(iii) Give an account of the career of Philip II of Macedon up to and including the battle of Chaeronea.

(iv) Cleisthenes is the true founder of the Athenian democracy. Comment on this statement, making reference

in your answer to the reforms that Cleisthenes made in the Athenian political system.

B.

(i) In what ways was Sophocles significant in the development of Athenian drama? Briefly tell the plot of

one of his plays.

(ii) Give a short account of the life and work of Thucydides, and assess his importance as an historian.

(iii) Identify the main differences between Greek sculptures from the Archaic period and those from the

Classical period. Choose any sculpture from either period, describe it briefly and explain why you like it.

(iv) Having looked at photographs A, B and C below, answer any two of the following questions:-

(a) To what period does the vase in Photograph A belong? Identify the features that make it typical of its period.

(b) Photograph B shows a drawing of the Parthenon. Name and comment on the features numbered 1, 2 and 3.

(c) Name the statue shown in Photograph C. Comment briefly on the artistic merits of this statue.

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A

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B

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1

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C

Photograph A is taken from http: googleimages.com Photograph B is taken from Woodford: An Introduction to Greek Art, Duckworth. Photograph C is taken from http: googleimages.com

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