STATE PERSPECTIVE AND STRATEGIC PLAN (SPSP) OF NAGALAND · Nagaland, being one of the “eight Sisters” commonly called as the North-Eastern Region including Sikkim*, is a land

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INTEGRATED WATERSHED

MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (IWMP)

STATE PERSPECTIVE AND

STRATEGIC PLAN (SPSP) OF

NAGALAND

STATE LEVEL NODAL AGENCY FOR IWMP DEPARTMENT OF LAND RESOURCES

GOVERNMENT OF NAGALAND

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C O N T E N T

Chapter PARTICULAR

1

Introduction Drainage system & river basins Table 1: Overview of State profile Economic development Role of watershed management in the state

2

Agro-climatic zones Table 2: Details of Agro-climatic zones in the state Rainfall Table 3: Details of average rainfall and altitude recorded at the district headquarters Drought and flood in the state Table 4: Details of drought and flood affected districts, blocks and villages in the state during last 10 years

3

Demography & Land Distribution Land reform measures and operational land holdings Table 5: Details of district-wise land holding pattern in the state Table 6: Share of Agriculture sector to state income/National income at current prices and total workforce in the state and India Table 7: Sectoral composition of Net State Domestic Product in state

4

Land Use Pattern Table 8: Land use status in the state Irrigated areas Table 9: Irrigation status Table 10: Source-wise area irrigated Common Property Resource Table 11: Details of common property resources in the state

5

Trends in Agriculture & Food productivity Table 12: Crop production and productivity as per Agriculture Statistics, 2008 Table 13: Comparative average yield of major crops of the state and India during triennia 1972-73 to 1974-75 and 1992-93 to 1994-95

6

Implementation of Watershed Programmes in the state at present Table 14: Status of District-wise area covered under the watershed programme Table 15: Details regarding the watershed projects sanctioned by DoLR in the state Table 16: Details of watershed projects implemented in the state with the financial assistance other than DoLR Table 17: Details of pending UCs Table 18: Details of unspent balance

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7

Strategy for implementation of IWMP Table 19: Plan-wise phasing of physical and financial target of IWMP for next 18 years Table 20: Year-wise phasing of physical and financial targets of IWMP for remaining period of XI plan Table 21: Details of district-wise and category-wise are proposed to be taken up under IWMP during next 3 Years Table 22: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other schemes Public-private partnership Table 23: Summary of Public-private partnership in the IWMP projects Planning process- Details of scientific criteria/inputs used in planning

8 Livelihood Concerns Table 24: Details of livelihoods created for landless people Table 25: Details of other livelihoods created for farmers

9

Institutional Arrangements Table 26: Details of SLNA Table 27: Details of SLNA (Contd..) Table 28: Details of functionaries in the SLNA Table 29: Details of State Level Data Cell functionaries State level monitoring/Evaluation Table 30: Details of functionaries in DWDU

10 Capacity Building Table 31: List of training Institutes identified for capacity building at state level Table 32: Details of IEC activities

11 Monitoring and Evaluation Table 33: List of Institutes identified for M & E at state level

12 Expected Outcomes Table 34: Expected/Estimated outcomes

13

Enclosed: 1. GIS based Map of Nagaland 2. GIS based Rivers and Drainage Map of Nagaland 3. Land Use/Land Cover Map of Nagaland 4. Soil Map of Nagaland 5. Physiography Map of Nagaland 6. Micro Watershed Area Map of Nagaland depicting the area to be treated for the next 18 years

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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Nagaland, the 16th. State of the Indian Union, came into being on 1st. December, 1963.

Nagaland with a geographical area of about 16,579 Sq. Km. lies between 25°60‟ and 27°40‟

North latitude and 93°20‟ and 95°15‟ East longitude. The state is bounded by Assam in the

North and West, by Myanmar and Arunachal Pradesh in the East and by Manipur in the South.

Nagaland, being one of the “eight Sisters” commonly called as the North-Eastern

Region including Sikkim*, is a land of lush green forests, rolling mountains, enchanting

valleys, swift flowing streams and of beautiful landscape.

The inhabitants of Nagaland are almost entirely tribal with distinctive dialects and

cultural features. The state is predominantly rural with 82.26% of population living in villages.

The state comprises of 11 administrative headquarters with 52 blocks and 1278 inhabited

villages. Each district has generally predominance/concentration of one of the major/minor

tribe of the state, thereby making districts distinct in their linguistic, cultural, traditional and

socio-political characteristics.

The topography of Nagaland is much dissected, full of hill ranges, which break into a

wide chaos of spurs and ridges. The terrain is mountainous covered by rich and varied

biodiversity of flora and fauna. It is one of the 25 hot spots of the world with respect to its

biological diversity, and hence can be termed as the state of true Mega bio-diversity. The state

houses the confluence of flora and fauna of the neighboring regions. Geographically, the state

largely has vast undulating terrain and hilly landscape and some low lying areas giving rise to

a very conducive climate with presence of perennial water and moisture for truly rich variety

of flora and fauna. The state also has abundant resources of mineral wealth in the form of

vast deposits of Oil, Coal, Peat, Limestone, Iron ores and various other minerals. The potential

of this state in terms of the sheer variety of Agro and Horticultural produce including Fiber,

Tea, Coffee, Pineapple, Orange etc. is also immense.

In spite of this inherent potential, the state has not developed. The current practice of

agriculture is largely unsustainable owing to the traditional Jhum (Shifting cultivation) cycle

mode of operation. Though some dynamic initiatives (e.g., by various Govt. Depts. NGOs etc.)

are in action to mitigate the detrimental effects of Jhum, a lot still needs to be done on

various fronts including efforts on checking deforestation, control of wild fire, conservation of

biodiversity, proper water harvesting, use of non-conventional energy sources etc. The state

also lacks infrastructure development in terms of networking with the rest of the country, lack

of proper communication in terms of roads and information technology.

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DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND RIVER BASINS

Nagaland is dissected by a number of seasonal and perennial rivers and rivulets.

The major rivers of Nagaland are Doyang, Dikhu, Dhansiri, Tizu, Tsurong, Nanung,

Tsurang or Disai, Tsumok, Menung, Dzu, Langlong, Zunki,, Likimro, Lanye, Dzuza and

Manglu. All these rivers are dendritic in nature. Of the rivers, Dhansiri, Doyang and Dikhu

flows westward into the Brahmaputra. The Tizu river, on the other hand, flows towards

east and joins the Chindwin River in Burma.

Doyang: It is the longest river in the state originating from the Japfü Hill near the

southern slope of Mao in Manipur and moves in a south west direction passing through

Kohima district and flows northward into Zunheboto and Wokha District. It passes

through a great part of Wokha District and flows south westerly into Dhansiri in Sibsagar

District of Assam. The main tributaries of Doyang are Chubi river which flows southward

from Mokokchung District and Nzhu River, originating from Nerhema area of Kohima

district and flows through Miphong in Tseminyu area and finally pours itself to Doyang.

Dikhu: River Dikhu which has a total length of about 160 kms. originates from Nuroto

Hill area in Zunheboto district. The river traverses towards north along the border of

Mokokchung and Tuensang districts. The main tributaries of river Dikhu are Yangyu of

Tuensang district and Nanung in the Langpangkong range in Mokokchung district.. The

river flows further northward and leaves the hill near Naginimora and finally merges with

the Brahmaputra River in the plains of Assam.

Dhansiri: Dhansiri flows through the southwestern part of the state through

Rangapahar-Dimapur Plains of Dimapur District. This river receives almost all the western

and southern drainages of Nagaland. Its main tributaries are river Dzuza and Diphu. At

the extreme southwest of the state, it assumes a northwardly course forming a natural

boundary with North Cachar Hills of Assam which finally drains into the Brahmaputra.

Tizu: The Tizu River forms an important drainage system in the eastern part of the state.

It originates from the central part of the state and runs through a northeast direction

flows through Zunheboto, Phek district and empties itself in the Chindwin River of

Myanmar. The main tributaries of River Tizu are river Zunki, Lanye and Likimro.

Milak: Milak is another important river which flows through Mokokchung District. One of

its main tributary is Tsurong.

Zungki: The Zunki river which is the biggest tributary of Tizu, starts from the north-

eastern part of Changdong forest in the south of Teku and flows in southernly direction

towards Noklak, Shamator and Kiphire and finally joins Tizu below Kiphire.

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OVERVIEW OF THE STATE

Table SPSP 1: State Profile

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. No.

Name of District No. of Blocks

Total no. of villages

Total no. of Gram

Panch-ayats/VCs

Geogr-aphical area in Ha.

Population (As per the 2001 Census)

Male Female Total % of BPL to total popul-

ation SC ST Othe

rs SC ST

Others

SC ST Others

1. Dimapur 4 216 216 92700 1,66,335 1,42,047 3,08,382 54.29

2. Wokha 5 128 128 162800 83, 620 77,478 1,61,098 79.78

3. Peren* 3 180 180

170150 1,61,701

1,52,665

3,14,366

89.85

4. Kohima 4 141250

5. Zunheboto 6 187 187 125500 79,627 75,282 1,54,909 85.07

6. Mon 6 110 110 178600 1,38,005 1,21,599 2,59,604 64.37

7. Tuensang 8

251 251

247894

2,16,888

1,97,913

4,14,801

64.45 8. Longleng* 2 58721

9. Kiphire* 3 116185

10. Mokok-chung 6 102 102 161500 1,18,428 1,08,802 2,27,230 57.84

11. Phek 5 104 104 202600 77,082 71,164 1,48,246 72.65

NAGALAND 52 1278 1278 1657900 10,41,686 9,46,950 19,88,636 69.79

* Peren, Longleng & Kiphire districts were created only in the year 2004 from Kohima & Tuensang districts.

(Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics & NASTEC, Nagaland)

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The developmental experience of Nagaland has been full of challenges. Apart from its late start, geographical remoteness and inaccessibility, hilly terrain, lack of infrastructure, population composition, and scarce resource base, the State also had to face continuous insurgency, spending much of its resources on administration and related costs at the expense of development. Despite the progress made in a span of 45 years, Nagaland economy still confronts many developmental challenges. Foremost among them are relative isolation, the difficult terrain, and inaccessibility to the rest of the world and continued insurgency. These handicaps the State‟s endeavors towards industrial and entrepreneurial development, private sector partnership in spearheading development initiatives and all round regional planning.

The Gross State Domestic Product for the year 2004-05 is estimated at Rs.

463769 lakhs with a per capita income of Rs. 19554. The infrastructure Development

Index (IDI) for the state stands at 71 against the all India average of 138. The state

of Nagaland continues to be confronted with many inadequacies in the areas of

physical and social infrastructure. For the development of such essential and critical

areas, the state is constantly faced with acute financial and resource problems. One

of the reasons for this state of affairs is the almost non-existent Tax base of the

state. The tribal traditions and customs of the inhabitants have also been protected

by special provisions in the constitution of India as a result of which, the state does

not own any land unless purchased from the people for specific purposes by the

government.

Nagaland economy has grown but not at the rate that has been expected. The

state government is making an attempt to boost the economy by developing the

infrastructure and also by setting up new industries. With the state government

efforts, the economy of Nagaland is bound to rise in the near future.

Agriculture: Agriculture is one of the significant contributors to the Net State

Domestic Product and is the largest employer of the working force in the state.

Though the dependency of employment on agriculture has declined from as high as

96.50% in the 1950s to about 68% in 2000, it continues to be the main source of

livelihood. Shifting and terraced cultivations remains the dominant forms of land use

practice in the state. The traditional form of shifting cultivation i.e. jhum, is the

method of cultivation that is widely practiced across Nagaland. Jhum occupies about

90% of the area under agriculture. Terraced cultivation is confined largely to the

districts of Kohima, Dimapur, Tuensang, Peren, Phek and Wokha. The single

cropping system is prevalent in the state resulting in low cropping intensity. Multiple

cropping is yet to be practiced by farmers except in very small and negligible

pockets. During the last decade, the cropping intensity remained constant at about

110%. The cropping season which begins in March and continues upto August is

Kharif while the Rabi season starts in September and ends in December every year.

Rabi crops are mainly confined to vegetables. Rice is the staple food of the people,

hence paddy is the major crop in the state. Use of technological interventions in

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terms of improved seeds, fertilizers and better implements has been limited. The

mechanization of agriculture has been poor because of the nature of the terrain in

the state and the low purchasing power of the farmers. The consumption of

fertilizers and pesticide has not been uniform and almost negligible until recently.

The state government is trying to turn this into an advantage by accessing markets

for „organic foods‟. The state department of agriculture has established a research

station at Mokokchung with three other sub-stations in the state to adopt

technological innovation for local use.

Power: The state still suffers from a shortfall in its generation of power. Against the

present requirement of 60 MW, the state‟s own generation is a mere 14.50 MW only.

This shortfall is presently met through purchases from other neighboring states like

Manipur, Assam and Meghalaya. The total number of villages electrified as on 2001-

2002 was 1216 constituting 95% of the inhabited villages. Per capita consumption of

electricity was 88 Kws during 1996-97, as compare to the minimum of 80.4 Kws by

Tripura and maximum of 192.80 Kws by Meghalaya among the north-eastern states.

Transport & Communication: During the year 2003-04, the total length of the

roads in the state of Nagaland was 13371 Km. Of this, the total length of surface

roads was 6225.62 Km and unsurfaced roads was 7145.83 Km constituting 46.56%

and 53.44% respectively of the total road length in the state. The road density per

thousand Sq. Km. of geographical area was 807 Km. The state has 248 Km. of

National Highways and 1033 Km. of State Highways. The current status of road

network in the state is very poor. As on 31st. March 2000 only 29.24% villages were

connected by pucca roads while the remaining 70.76% of the villages were still

connected only by kutcha roads. The only means of intra-state movement being

roads, paucity of all weather roads causes delay in supply of essential commodities

leading to cost escalation particularly during monsoon.

Irrigation: At present there are no medium or large irrigation projects in the state.

The potential for irrigation is estimated at 165000 Ha. against a net sown area of

312770 Ha. The irrigated area was 64,490 Ha. (2002-03). The districts with the large

area irrigation are Kohima, Dimapur, Phek, Wokha and Tuensang. However, barring

few pockets along the foothills, irrigation is by and large surface water which is fully

dependent on the monsoon rain, and thus the entire irrigated areas fall under the

category of rainfed.

Role of watershed management in the state

In Nagaland, the high prevalence of shifting cultivation, also known as Jhum,

forms the major cause of wastelands. With the rapid increase in population, the

jhum cycle has now been reduced to 5-8 years and the previously uncultivated and

steep land is being taken into the jhum system. This results in accelerating both on

site and off site degradation due to erosion, runoff, nutrient losses, siltation, loss of

bio-diversity and disruption in watershed hydrology.

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In spite of several attempts made in the past by the State Government to

wean people away from this practice, majority of the people continue to practice

jhum and the total area put under this system continue to increase rapidly, thereby

causing natural resource degradation.

Having realized the gravity of the problem of natural resource degradation

and the urgency of evolving a strategy for management of the land, various Centrally

Sponsored Schemes of Watershed Programmes have been taken up in the state.

With the implementation of Watershed Programmes, the vast jhum land which lies

barren, are being reclaimed for afforestation, horticulture, cash crop cultivation

thereby providing subsistence for the farmers and also various soil and moisture

conservation measures are being incorporated in the programme. The programme

being community-based, a sustained community action for operation and

maintenance of assets have been created and further development of the potential

of the natural resources in the watershed is encouraged. The poorer sections of the

society are also benefited by enrolling themselves as part of the Self Help Group,

whereby various income generating activities are taken up.

The department of Land Resources has been implementing Centrally

Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Wastelands Development Programme (IWDP) in

the state under which grant-in-aid is provided from the Ministry of Rural

Development, Department of Land Resources, for development of wastelands on

watershed basis. This is one of the major watershed programmes implemented in

the state.

A total of 42 projects have been sanctioned so far by the Government of India

covering 694 micro-watershed and a total watershed area of 3,76,806.50 ha. Out of

which, 38 projects have been completed and the remaining 4 are expected to be

completed during 2010-11.

The expected outcomes as a result of the implementation of the watershed

programmes are as follows:

1. Increase in productivity of the land. 2. Create employment opportunities 3. Raise rural incomes and living standard 4. Reduction in migration from rural areas 5. Increase in water table in the area 6. Restore ecological balance and overall environmental

improvement.

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Chapter 2

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES

The climate of Nagaland to a large extent is controlled by its undulating topographical terrain features. It is hot to warm sub-tropical in area with elevation of 1000-1200m above MSL. The foothill plains, sheltered valleys and the ranges are marked with climatic contrasts. The year is divided into four seasons viz., winter (December-February), Pre-monsoon (March-April), Monsoon (May-September) and retreating monsoon (October-November).

The beginning of winter is marked by a steep fall in temperature during December. January is the coldest month. In February the temperature starts rising gradually. The winter winds are generally weak and variable. The average annual temperature ranges from 18°C-20°C to 23°C-25°C respectively in the higher and lower elevation. The monsoon lasts for five months from May to September with June, July and August being the wettest months. The following agro-climatic zones in Nagaland are divided into four zones:

I. Hot per-humid climate II. Hot moist sub-humid climate III. Warm humid climate

IV. Warm per-humid climate

Soil: The soils of Nagaland are derived from tertiary rocks belonging to Barail and Disang series. Though the state is small, due to large variation in topography and

climate, the following kinds of soils occur in the state:

(i) Alluvial soils-

a) Recent alluvium (Entisol),

b) Old alluvium (Oxizols and Ultisol) and

c) Mountain valley soil (Entisol)

(ii) Residual soils-

a) Laterite soils (Oxizols and Ultisol) b) Brown forest soils (Mollisols and Inceptisols) and c) Podzolic soils (Spodesols).

(i) Alluvial soils:

Recent alluvium which is also known as Entisol occurs mostly in the western and southwestern part of the state whereas old alluvium is chiefly found in the northwestern part of Nagaland bordering Sibsagar District of Assam. Mountain valley soil (Entisol) with pH 4.4 - 4.6 covering about 224.8 sq. kms occurs mostly in the valleys of the central and eastern part of the State. Though alluvial soils are more fertile, their formations are mostly confined to the low-lying areas in the west and to

the banks of the rivers.

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(ii) Residual soils:

Residual soils which are generally porous and have light textures dominate a

major landscape of Nagaland. Laterite soil (Oxizol) is the most widespread and

occurs in the mid-southern part and the eastern part of the state. It has pH 4.2 -4.5

and covers 4,495.8 sq.kms of the total area of the State. Brown forest soil (Mollisol),

with a pH content of 5.3-5.8 is found mainly in the intermediate high hill ranges

covering a total area of 4,952.7 sq.kms. Podzolic soil (Spodosol) with pH 5.4 -6.0

covers an area of about 4,835.0 sq.kms and occurs at high altitude with humid and

temperate climate in the central, southern and eastern part of the state. Major part

of the Tuensang District is occupied by this type of soil.

Soils are generally fertile and responsive to application of fertilizer. Nagaland

soils are acidic, very rich in organic carbon but poor in available phosphate and

potash content. The pH value range between 4.80-6.80. While the organic carbon

content may be as high as 2.943%. The average available phosphate and potash

contents are 20 Kg/Ha and 120 Kg/Ha respectively.

The major crops in Nagaland are rice, corn, millets, pulses, oilseeds,

sugarcane, potato, banana, pineapple, orange, litchi, ginger, yams, cucumber and

arecanut. Rice is the dominant crop and also the staple diet of the people. Oil seeds

like rapeseed, mustard, and soyabean are grown in wide areas. Rubber,Coffee,

cardamom and tea are grown as plantation crops in Nagaland. The important

vegetables are gourds, spinach leaf, squash, mustard, onion, chillies, garlic, spring

onion, beans, carrots, tomatoes, brinjal etc., Cash crops like sugarcane, passion fruit

and potato are also becoming popular.

Table SPSP 2: Details of Agro-climatic zones in the State

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl.No.

Name of the Agro-climatic zone

Area in Ha.

Major soil types

Average rainfall in

mm (preceding

5 years average)

Major crops

Names of the

districts Type

Area in

Ha.

Area in Ha.

1 Hot per-humid climate 199500 Dimapur, Peren, Wokha, Mokokchung, Mon

Alfisols 47800

1534.6

1. Food grains i. Rice ii. Wheat iii. Jowar iv. Maize

2. Pulses i. Tur

ii. Gram Iii. Naga dal iv. Beans v. Kolar (Rajmash)

3. Oil seeds i. Groundnut ii. Rapeseed/ Mustard iii. Soyabean v. Sunflower

164680

1500 1000

64700

8500 1160 3600 1700 2640

950

27500

25480 1340

2 Hot moist sub-humid climate 196400

3 Warm humid climate 370200 Wokha, Dimapur, Peren, Phek, Kiphire, Mokokchung, Mon, Longleng, Tuensang, Kohima

Entisols 121300 4 Warm per-humid climate 891800

Dimapur, Peren, Kohima, Phek, Wokha, Mon, Mokokchung, Kiphire, Tuensang, Longleng, Zunheboto

Inceptisols 1094700

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Dimapur, Peren, Kohima, Phek, Zunheboto, Wokha, Tuensang, Mokokchung, Longleng, Mon

Ultisols 394100

4. Other Cash crops

i. Sugarcane ii. Cotton iii. Jute iv. Potato v. Ginger vi. Cardamom vii. Tea

4790 200

2500 3500 2600 900

1020

(Source: 1. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning (ICAR), Nagpur, in co-operation with Soil & Water Conservation Department, Nagaland.

2. Statistical Atlas of Nagaland, Directorate of Economics & Statistics)

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Rainfall

The climate of the region is characterized by warm summers and cold winters

with seasonal dry spells extending from November to April. The length of growing

period ranges from 180 to 200 days and moisture index ranges from 40 to 60%.

Nagaland enjoys south-east monsoon with average annual rainfall in between 1500mm

to 1800mm occurring over about 6 months from May to October and the potential

evapo-transpiration is 1219 mm. This clearly indicates that there is a shortage of water

for a considerable period from November to April.

Table SPSP 3: Details of average rainfall and altitude recorded at the District

headquarters

1 2 3 4

Sl. No. Name of the

District

Average rainfall in mm (preceding 5 years

average)

Altitude m, msl

1 Kohima 1762.5 1444.12

2 Dimapur 1224.7 260.00

3 Peren 1339.4 1445.36

4 Wokha 2161.6 1313.69

5 Mokokchung 1930.5 1325.08

6 Phek 1527.7 1524.00

7 Kiphire 810.0 896.42

8 Tuensang 1395.1 1371.60

9 Zunheboto 1462.1 1874.22

10 Mon 1871.4 897.64

11 Longleng 1395.1 1066.30

1534.6

(Source: Directorate Soil & Water Conservation, Kohima)

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Droughts and floods

The state falls under high rainfall areas with average annual rainfall of 2500mm.

The state annually enjoys regular south-east monsoon with heavy rain from May to

August and occasional rain in the months of September and October. The state being

agrarian in nature all the agricultural activities depend on the south-east monsoon.

During the monsoon season there were occasional floods of mild nature affecting major

part of the plains and foothill areas of the state. Flood mainly causes damages to

agricultural crops, livestocks, transport and communication and degradation of soil

fertility.

The state had experienced drought like situations due to failure of south-east

monsoon rain during the monsoon season. The erratic rainfall caused complete failure

of agricultural crops due to delayed and inconsistent agricultural operations. Drought

like situations in the past had caused shortage in food crops productivity leading to

severe food crisis and famine like situations all over the state. However, due to peculiar

geographical location till date no official assessment for the entire state could be done.

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Table SPSP 4: Details of drought and flood affected districts, blocks and villages in the State during last 10 years

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. No

Name of the Districts

Particulars Names of the Block Villages

Periodicity

Not affected Annual

Any other (pl. specify)

1 Kohima

Flood NIL No. of villages NIL NIL ALL

Name (s) of villages NIL NIL ALL

Drought NIL

No. of villages NIL NIL ALL

Name(s) of villages

NIL NIL ALL

2 Mokokchung

Flood

Onpangkong (N),

Onpangkong (S), Mangkolemba,

Kubolong, Changtongya, Longchem

No. of villages NA NA NA

Name (s) of villages NA NA NA

Drought

Onpangkong (N),

Onpangkong (S), Mangkolemba,

Kubolong, Changtongya, Longchem

No. of villages NA NA NA

Name(s) of villages NA NA NA

3

Zunheboto

Flood

NIL



Drought NIL


Name(s)

of villages NIL NIL ALL

4 Wokha

Flood NIL



Drought NIL


Name(s) of villages NIL NIL ALL

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5

Phek

Flood NIL

No.of villages NIL NIL ALL


Drought NIL



6 Mon

Flood NIL



Drought NIL



7 Dimapur

Flood NIL



Drought NIL



8

Kiphire

Flood NIL



Drought NIL


Name(s)

of villages NIL NIL ALL

9 Peren Flood NIL No.of villages NIL NIL ALL

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Drought NIL

No.of villages

6

NA

Name

(s)

of villages

Bongkolong 2007 Mild

NA

Chalkot 2007 Moderate

Inbung 2007 Moderate

Kejanglwa 2007 Moderate

Phaijol 2007 Mild

Dungki 2007 Moderatel

10 Tuensang

Flood NIL



Drought NIL


Name(s)

of villages

NIL NIL ALL

11 Longleng

Flood NIL



Drought NIL


Name(s) NIL NIL ALL

- 20 -

of villages

NAGALAND

Flood NA No. of villages NA NA NA

Drought NA Name(s)

of villages

NA NA NA

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Chapter 3

Demography and land distribution – An Overview

The population of Nagaland is 1.99 million according to 2001 census and is scattered over 11 districts, 52 Blocks and 1278 villages. The State has the density of 120 persons per sq. km. The population of the State has highest decadal growth rate in India by 64.53% over the period 1991-2001. The sex ratio of Nagaland at 909 females to 1000 males is lower than the national average of 933. The literacy of the State rose to 67.11% from 61.65% in 1991. The rural population constitutes about 82.3% in 2001, against 90% in 1971. This is an indication of the migration that is taking place in the state from rural to urban areas. The main reasons for migration are better job opportunities and access to educational institutions and health care facilities. The total work force in various categories in the state is about 8, 49,982. There are many distinct tribes and a number of sub-tribes inhabiting the area such as Angamis, Chakhesangs, Zeliangs, Rengmas, Phoms, Yimchungers, Semas, Aos, Lothas, Chang, Sangtam, Konyaks, etc..

Sl. No. Demographical features

1 Population

1981 7,74,930

1991 12,09,546

2001 19,88,636

2 Per capita availability of land 6.8 Ha.

3 Sex Ratio 909

4 Population age group NA

5 Literacy 67.11

Migration 7.7% (1971-2001)

6 Work force available in different sectors of economy

Cultivators 5,44,433

Household Industries 18,072

Agricultural Labourers 33,852

Other Workers 2,53,625

7 ST Population 19,88,636

8 BPL 69.79%

9 Landless families NIL

(Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Nagaland)

- 19 -

Land Reform Measures & Operational Land Holdings in the State

In Nagaland the problem of fragmentation of land holdings is not an issue on

account of the peculiar pattern of land-ownership, tenure and use prevalent in the state.

The only legal framework is the Jhum Land Regulation Act. 1970. The ownership of

land and the individual rights are governed by customary laws of the community. Due to

the unique ownership and management system of the Nagas, there is little or no

alienation of the people from their land and resources and therefore, even farmers,

despite their poor economic condition can be considered resource-rich. A comparatively

low population pressure, high regeneration rate of natural resources, community-based

natural resource management initiatives and projects like the watershed programmes

have all further created opportunities for other economic activities to take place and

contribute to the overall development of the state.

In Nagaland, cultivable land is the most valued form of property for its economic, political and symbolic significance. It is a productive, wealth-creating and livelihood-sustaining asset. It also provides a sense of identity and rootedness because it has durability and permanence, which no other asset possesses. Over and above this, in the Naga context, ancestral land has a symbolic meaning, which purchased land does not. Moreover, there are different rules for devolution of ancestral and self-acquired land. Naga society is based on patrilineal descent; hence children take their social identity from their father and are placed in his agnatic group and familial unit. A female child’s membership of her father’s agnatic unit is neither permanent nor complete. Gender differences in group membership and social identity are closely connected with the patterns of inheritance and resource distribution. In Naga societies, property is inherited by the male heirs and transmitted through them. They have legal rights in ancestral property. The women have no share in such inheritance although acquired properties can be gifted to daughters also. It is widely believed that the daughters after their marriage come under the care of the husband’s clan and family. Largely because of this, in practice, no landed property was gifted to women although most of the work on the land was done by the womenfolk. In recent times, through the pioneering initiatives undertaken by few private and official, women are being allowed to own land.

Nagaland has an operational area of about 15, 85,525 hectares out of the total

geographical area of the state, and uniquely possess the highest operational holdings

size at 6.8 ha, which is higher than the Northeast regional average (1.59 ha) and also

the all-India level (1.6 ha).

- 19 -

Table-DPSP-5: Details of District-wise land holding pattern in the district.

Sl. No Name of district Type of Farmers (No of Household)

Total No. No. of BPL household

Land Holding in Ha

Large Medium Small Marginal Landless Irrigated Rainfed Total

1 Wokha 1012 7671 1505 4124 0 14312 11217 2269.15 22425.78 24694.93

2 Longleng 1202 7415 1802 348 0 10767 5942 1337.00 12777.70 14114.70

3 Tuensang 2406 10734 2194 920 0 16254 15762 6476.49 42699.74 49176.23

4 Zunheboto 538 8062 1954 532 0 11086 7948 6120.50 25740.16 31860.66

5 Dimapur 1280 7967 1738 452 0 11437 4648 14635.23 32380.00 47015.23

6 Mon 1002 11726 3405 560 0 16693 11620 2332.30 75195.70 77528.00

7 Peren 660 8074 1377 329 0 10440 5875 4381.27 31365.60 35746.87

8 Mokokchung 1511 12078 1733 604 0 15926 13914 5601.69 44156.78 49758.47

9 Phek 1838 8742 1480 488 0 12548 11045 9441.95 45815.22 55257.17

10 Kiphire 1065 7329 1274 384 0 10052 8334 1500.00 10474.00 11974.00

11 Kohima 2005 14801 2290 572 0 19668 7809 7056.81 35790.63 42847.44

Total 14519 104599 20752 9313 0 149183 104114 61152.39 378821.31 439973.70

Source: State Focus Paper 2006-2007, Nagaland, NABARD-Nagaland and NASTEC.

- 20 -

Table SPSP 6: Share of Agriculture Sector to State Income/National Income at Current Prices and Total Work Force

in the State and India

1 2 3

Year Percentage share of Agriculture in NSDP figure Percentage share of Agriculture in Total Workforce

State All India State All India

1980-81 28.65 NA 80.28 68.80

1990-91 27.42 26.46 82.86 66.90

2000-01 27.42 22.98 68.03 NA

Source: (1). Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Nagaland.

(2). Central Statistical Organisation, Ministry of Statistical & Programme Implementation, GOI, New-Delhi.

Table SPSP 7: Sectoral Composition of Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) in State.

Sector Years

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01

Agriculture and allied Sectors

NA 3428 19267 106202

Industrial Sector NA 2374 8047 39909

Service Sector NA 5806 38942 192491

(Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Nagaland)

- 21 -

Chapter 4

Land Use Pattern

The land ownership and management systems of the Nagas are unique and

different from the rest of the country, where local customary laws govern the land. Such

laws are tribe-specific where each tribe or even village has its own unique customary laws

and traditions. These customary laws are usually not codified but have the constitutional

sanction. The enforcement of these traditional laws and regulations rests on traditional

village institutions such as village councils, tribal chiefs or headmen.

In Nagaland, about 92% of the land is unclassified and are under the community

ownership, which may fall under any one of the recognized four categories- Private land,

Clan land, Morung land, and Common land. The state government owns just about 7% of

the total land area.

Depending upon the tribe, the land either belongs to the headmen, the community

or individual. Except for some tribes where the chief owns the land, the village councils

and headmen are generally mere custodians of the land. In most community land, all

members have a right to use it freely but with prior consent of the custodians. There are,

however, restrictions on transfer or even use of traditional land by outsiders. Outsiders are

people who do not belong to the community or clan, or in some cases, are not subject of

the same chief. Jhum lands are usually owned by the community but regulated by the

respective village councils. The respective village councils decide the areas to be cleared

for jhumming each year. Individual’s plots are allotted by draw of lots in most cases. A

very democratic system is adopted for the allotment of annual jhum plots. Long-term

holding of land for permanent cultivation, gardens and homesteads are usually undertaken

after prior consultation with village authorities, clan elders or with respective owners.

Increased privatization and individual ownership, especially of land under

permanent cultivation such as wet rice cultivation, terraced lands, orchards, gardens, tree

farming, bamboo grooves, etc., are recent noticeable trends in the state. These trends are

more so in valley areas and lowlands than in the foothills. However, the practices and

trends of land ownership differ from tribe to tribe, and these largely depend on existing

traditions, availability of land and interpersonal relationship with the traditional institutions

or the headmen.

- 22 -

Table-SPSP 8: Land Use Status in the State (average of preceding 5 years)

(Area in Ha.)

Sl. No.

Districts Geogra-phical Area

Tree Clad Area/Forest

Area

Land under Non-

Agril. use

Rainfed area under Perm-anent

pastures

Land under

miscellan-eous tree crops and

groves

Current fallow

Other fallow

Net sown area

Net area sown more than once

Net irrig-ated area

Gross cropped

area

a)cultivated b)cultiva-ble waste

1 Wokha 162800 82980.58 4863.88 13134.33 9291.45 NA 11039.48 41490.28 13134.33 2269.15 13134.33

2 Longleng 58721 23721.40 2545.30 8908.10 3869.60 NA 7815.90 11860.70 8908.10 1337.00 8908.10

3 Tuensang 247894 125439.41 4043.96 23037.23 19662.51 NA 12991.18 62719.71 23037.23 6476.49 23037.23

4 Kiphire 116185 57352.00 2646.00 8960.00 1514.00 NA 17250.00 28463.00 8960.00 1500.00 8960.00

5 Phek 202600 91309.80 5497.14 17396.73 28418.49 NA 59.00 14263.94 45654.90 17396.73 9441.95 17396.73

6 Mon 178600 90788.30 5501.70 32519.10 42676.60 NA 3937.82 3176.48 32519.10 2332.30 32519.10

7 Zunheboto 125500 51035.53 4997.14 14178.62 11561.54 NA 18209.40 25517.77 14178.62 6120.50 14178.62

8 Mokokchung 161500 57067.11 8992.88 12597.94 31558.84 NA 22749.67 28533.56 12597.94 5601.69 12597.94

9 Dimapur 92700 42200.00 8200.00 18470.00 13910.00 NA 5850.00 1670.00 2400.00 18470.00 2234.00 14635.23 20704.00

10 Peren 179224 88715.04 3789.59 14399.79 16965.81 NA 2220.27 8775.98 44357.52 14399.79 54.00 4381.27 14453.79

11 Kohima 132176 57123.92 4944.02 13346.78 22443.85 NA 98.34 5657.14 28561.95 13346.78 7056.81 13346.78

Nagaland 1657900 767733.09 56021.61 176948.62 201872.69 NA 8227.61 124360.51 322735.87 176948.62 2288.00 61152.39 179236.62

* The entire area of Nagaland is under Rainfed excepting some pockets which are irrigated. (Source: Nagaland Science & Technology Council (NASTEC)

- 23 -

Irrigated Areas

Nagaland is basically an agricultural state, and all the resources depend upon the agricultural output. Water is evidently the most vital element in the plant life and is normally supplied to the plants by natural rain. However, the total rainfall in a particular area may be either inadequate or is ill-timed. Therefore in order to get the maximum yield from a crop, it is essential to supply optimum quantity of water to the crop and to maintain correct timings of water. This is possible only through a systematic irrigation system by collecting water during rainfall and from natural sources and to release it to the crops as and when it is needed.

In Nagaland, State Government has made considerable investment in irrigation. There is no major or medium irrigation project so far constructed in the State. However, the State is in the process of taking up some medium irrigation projects also. The department of Irrigation and Flood Control in the state has undertaken the Minor Irrigation schemes which are most vital and very suitable for the state. The total area in the state under irrigation is 61,152.39 hectares. The irrigation works are mostly meant to divert small hill streamlets to irrigate valleys used for rice cultivation. Most of the villages are scattered and perched on the hill-top and the cultivators traditionally cultivate the hill slopes either by making terraces or by jhumming. Irrigation is provided only in terraced fields wherever the facilities exist to bring water from the sources by gravity system through M.I. Channels. Due to non-availability of well organized irrigation system, a vast area of land both under forest and jhumlands, which if brought under permanent irrigation, the food grain production in the state could be raised enormously.

- 24 -

Table-SPSP 9: Irrigation Status (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No.

Districts Gross

cultivated area Net cultivated

area Gross

irrigated area Net irrigated

area Net irrigated

%

Rainfed

Area % of net

cultivated area

1 Wokha 13134.33 13134.33 3550.00 2269.15 63.92 22425.78 58.57

2 Longleng 8908.10 8908.10 1897.00 1337.00 70.48 12777.70 69.72

3 Tuensang 23037.23 23037.23 7200.00 6476.49 89.95 42699.74 53.95

4 Kiphire 8960.00 8960.00 2087.00 1500.00 71.87 10474.00 85.55

5 Phek 17396.73 17396.73 10162.00 9441.95 92.91 45815.22 37.97

6 Mon 32519.10 32519.10 4183.00 2332.30 55.76 75195.70 43.25

7 Zunheboto 14178.62 14178.62 7050.00 6120.50 86.82 25740.16 55.08

8 Mokokchung 12597.94 12597.94 6154.00 5601.69 91.03 44156.78 28.53

9 Dimapur 20704.00 18470.00 15400.00 14635.23 95.03 32380.00 57.04

10 Peren 14453.79 14399.79 5240.00 4381.27 83.61 31365.60 45.91

11 Kohima 13346.78 13346.78 11957.00 7056.81 59.02 35790.63 37.29

Nagaland 179236.62 176948.62 74880.00 61152.39 81.67 378821.31

(Source: Nagaland Basic Facts-2008, Directorate of Agriculture Department, Nagaland & NASTEC)

- 25 -

Table-SPSP 10: Source-wise Area Irrigated (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No.

Districts Canal (Area)

Tanks Open wells Bore wells Lift irrigation Others (Pl.

Total

specify)

No Area No Area No Area No Area No Area No Area

1 Wokha 4054.50 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 16 NA NA 2 4070.50

2 Longleng 792.78 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 792.78

3 Tuensang 2465.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2465.00

4 Zunheboto 3559.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3559.00

5 Dimapur 12625.86 NA NA NA NA NA NA 10 69 NA NA 10 12694.86

6 Mon 1826.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1826.00

7 Peren 2445.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2445.00

8 Mokokchung 1879.00 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 25 NA NA 3 1904.00

9 Phek 6345.25 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6345.25

10 Kiphire 257.89 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 257.89

11 Kohima 5856.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5856.55

Nagaland 42106.83 15 110 15 42216.83

(Source: Report on Census of Minor Irrigation Schemes in Nagaland, 2000-01)

- 26 -

Common Property Resources (CPR)

A major strength that contemporary Naga society has inherited is the 'social capital'

that has stemmed out of traditional institutions and practices. There is strong social bonding

and community spirit, and absence of caste and social discrimination. In Nagaland, there is

no landless household although the major proportion of land is held as common village land,

which is either jhum land or community forestland which is regulated by the village councils.

The Naga people have a strong bonding with the social institutions and resources which

occupies the centre-stage of their daily life. The community resources and institutions such

as forests, woodlots, ponds/tanks, community halls, churches, community grounds,

Schools, Healthcare units, power, etc., are maintained in each and every unit village. The

resources and institutions are managed by separate representative committees empowered

to lay down rules and regulations for effective management and development. The

resources and institutions are for common use and every individual has the liberty to use it

freely but with prior consent of the village council, tribal chief or headman within the ambit of

traditional laws and regulations of the respective village/tribe.

The Nagaland Village and Area Councils Act, 1978, also strived to exploit the

traditional administration abilities of Village Councils for decentralization of developmental

responsibilities to the local bodies. As envisaged in the Act, the constitution of Village

Development Boards (VDBs) to take on these responsibilities of the Village Council was

formalized through the Village Development Boards Rules notified in 1980. The Village

Development Board formulates development priorities for the village, prepares action plans

and executes them, using the village community or other funds. A VDB is managed by a

committee chosen by the Village Council and includes traditional leaders and twenty-five

percent of the membership is reserved for women. Government assistance to the VDBs

includes grants-in-aid, matching cash grants, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, MGNREGA, and

other development and welfare programmes. The VDBs have become the cornerstone of

de-centralised planning and development in Nagaland. In many places, VDBs’ performance

has been exemplary. They have played a pivotal role in creation and maintenance of

infrastructure in the villages– community halls, village roads, schools, water tanks, toilets,

granaries, rice mills, community fishery ponds, community wells/tanks, culverts and

suspension bridges, etc. Many VDBs have purchased buses and ply them from the village

to the district headquarters, serving both as an income generating activity and facilitating

connectivity with other towns and villages. The State Government has been encouraging

internal resource mobilisation by the VDBs through different schemes. Building on the rich

social capital of the village communities and benefiting from this structural linkage, the

VDBs continue to pioneer micro-level development in imaginative, culturally appropriate and

resource-efficient ways.

- 27 -

Table-SPSP 11: Details of Common Property Resources in the districts (Area in Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District

CPR particulars Total area owned/in possession of Area available for treatment

Pvt. persons Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Community Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.)

PRI Community

Nagaland

i. Wasteland/ Degraded land

486726.81 162242.26 460226.81 139528.67

ii. Pastures

iii. Orchards 45148.37 521.00 2450.00

iv. Village woodlot 14155.07 16353.28 2710.00 1465.00

v.Tree clad/Forest 568144.93 4058.03 173190.39 449323.63 129553.76

vi. Village ponds/ tanks 301.50 182.57

vii. Community buildings

580.19

viii. Weekly markets 59.12

ix. Permanent markets 26.05

x. Temples/places of worship

603.07

xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated areas/etc)

185607.36 3045.40

TOTAL

1657900.00 1188303.27

(Source: Nagaland Science and Technology Council (NASTEC)

- 28 -

Table-SPSP 11 (Contd): Details of Common Property Resources in the district (Area in Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of

District CPR particulars

Total area owned/in possession of Area available for treatment

Pvt. persons

Govt. (specify dept.) PRI


Pvt. persons



1 Wokha

i. Wasteland/ Degraded land 46365.91 15455.30 46365.91 15455.30

ii. Pastures

iii. Orchards 10087.00

iv. Village woodlot 10.00 27.88

v. Tree clad/Forest 64728.78 0.00 18213.92 39641.77 7737.02

vi. Village ponds/ tanks




x. Temples/ places of worship 56.00

xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated areas/etc.) 7848.91

TOTAL

162800.00 109200.00

- 29 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District CPR particulars


Pvt. persons



Pvt. persons



2 Longleng


ii. Pastures

iii. Orchards 3854.00 2450

iv. Village woodlot 2508 725 1560 515

v. Tree clad/Forest 12475.8 8012.6 12475.8 7158.6

vi. Village ponds/ tanks 35 17

vii. Community buildings 59

viii. Weekly markets 6

ix. Permanent markets 3


xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated areas/etc.) 7419.19 3045.4

TOTAL

58721 50751

- 30 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

3 Tuensang


71530.05 23843.35 61530.05 13843.35

ii. Pastures






61.00



x. Temples/ places of worship

57.92

xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated areas/etc.)

22289.32

TOTAL

247894.00 172394.00

- 31 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl. specify)

Pvt. persons



4 Zunheboto


41466.53 13822.18 40466.53 10822.18

ii. Pastures






62.00




49.00


16468.86

TOTAL

125500.00 81800.00

- 32 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District


Pvt. persons



Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

5 Dimapur


ii. Pastures


iv. Village woodlot 322.00

v. Tree Clad Areas/Forest 40144.00 7584.00 30064.77 5800.00

vi. Village ponds/ tanks 48.00

vii. Community buildings 61.00




xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated areas/etc) 25219.83

TOTAL

92700.00 53749.77

- 33 -

Table-Table SPSP 11 (Contd.): Details of Common Property Resources in the district (Area in Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District


Pvt. persons Govt. (specify dept.)


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

6 Mon


37343.18 12447.72 37343.18 12447.72

ii. Pastures



v.Tree clad/Forest 64045.06 284.00 19918.84 59356.51 19452.59






58.00

xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated area/etc)

33588.99

TOTAL 178600.00 128600.00

- 34 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

7 Peren


52574.48 17524.83 51574.48

16524.83

ii. Pastures


iv. Village woodlot

v. Tree Clad Areas/Forest

67553.85 2428.85 20952.61 57857.85

18266.84






59.82


13315.26

TOTAL

179224.00 144224.00

- 35 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District CPR particulars Total area owned/in possession of Area available for treatment

Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

8 Mokokchung


62131.55 20710.52 56631.55 17272.79

ii. Pastures



v.Tree Clad Area/ Forest

41642.75 12373.91 29121.75 8373.91



57.09




61.00

xi. Others (Settlements/Cultivated area/etc)

16898.09

TOTAL

161500.00 111400.00

- 36 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District

CPR particulars


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other

(pl. specify)

Pvt. persons


PRI Any other (pl.

specify)

9 Phek


66253.00 22084.33 64253.00 20084.33

ii. Pastures



v. Tree clad/Forest 66134.35 0.00 21130.45 57002.22 0.00 18130.45



63.00




57.00


20018.07

TOTAL

202600.00 159470.00

- 37 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District

CPR particulars


Pvt. persons Govt.

(specify dept.)

PRI Any

other (pl. specify)

Pvt. persons Govt.

(specify dept.)

PRI Any

other (pl. specify)

10 Kiphire


35420.25 11806.75 35420.25 11625.89

ii. Pastures


iv. Village woodlot 1512.00 1420.00 1150.00 950

v. Tree clad/Forest 41695.25 740.86 11983.89 41378.47 11983.89



53.58




48.00


7934.25

TOTAL

116185.00 102508.50

- 38 -


1 2 3 4 5

Sl. No.

Name of District

CPR particulars


Pvt. persons


PRI Any other

(pl. specify) Pvt.

persons


PRI Any other

(pl. specify)

11 Kohima


42497.21 14165.73 35497.21 11165.73

ii. Pastures

iii. Orchards 3021.55 521.00


v. Forest 40977.13 604.32 12478.19 22434.58 5108.48






61.12


14606.59

TOTAL

132176.00 74206.00

- 39 -

Chapter 5

Trends in Agriculture and Food Productivity

Nagaland is predominantly an agricultural state. The reason is not far to seek. Agriculture falls in the priority sector in Nagaland. Agriculture has traditionally been and continues to be the mainstay of Naga life. The numerous festivals are centered around agriculture and have their roots in cultivation practices. Seventy-three percent of the people in Nagaland are engaged in agriculture. Rice is the staple food. It occupies about 70 percent of the total cultivated area and constitutes about 75 percent of the total food grain production in the State. Other crops include maize, linseed, potato, pulses, soyabean, sugarcane, jute, gram, cotton, castor, etc. However, the state is not self-sufficient in food and still depends on the import of food supplies from other states.

Agriculture is one of the significant contributors to the net state domestic product and is the largest employer of the workforce in the State. It was the mainstay of the people of Nagaland during 1950s, when almost 96.5 percent of the population was dependent on agriculture. Though the dependency for employment on agriculture has declined to 70 percent in the 1970s and further to 65 percent by 2000, it continues to be the main source of livelihood. Shifting and terrace cultivations remain the dominant forms of land use practice in the State.

The widespread practice of Shifting/Jhum cultivation have caused the fallow, or idle, period to be cut to a couple of years which has led to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. Shifting cultivation covers over 73 percent of the total arable area of the State. It is concentrated in all the districts of Mokokchung, Tuensang, Longleng, Kiphire, Peren Wokha, Zunheboto,Phek,Kohima, Dimapur and Mon. Terraced rice cultivation (TRC) or combined Jhum and TRC are practiced in a limited scale. During the last four decades, the food grain production in Nagaland has shown an upward trend from 62,000 metric tonnes in 1964–65 to 386,390 tonnes in 2001–02. The productivity increased from 700 kg per hectare to 1300 kg per hectare over the period. Non-traditional crops such as wheat, barley, spices, rubber and sugarcane are also gaining popularity in recent years, promising to convert agriculture from subsistence farming to commercially viable activity.

The land is extremely fertile and can produce the best quality of agro-based, horticulture and floriculture products through organic farming. The potential of Nagaland becoming an ‘organic state’, and for exports and foreign exchange, is real. Strategic initiatives in the fields of animal husbandry, fishery and sericulture could result in generation of resources and overall development of the rural economy.

The major cash crops in Nagaland are Sugarcane, potato, ginger, Naga chilly,

etc. covering an area of about 5510 Ha.

The total food-grain production in 2007-2008 is about 4,79,720 MT as per the

Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Nagaland.

The marketing of the cash crops are through local markets, entrepreneurs and

APMCs in the state. The estimated average income of all the above mentioned cash

crops is Rs.55,000 /Ha. (Rupees fifty five thousand per hectare)

- 40 -

Table-SPSP 12: Crop production and productivity as per Agricultural Statistics, 2008 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sl. No.

Names of the

Districts

Name of crops

Kharif Rabi Zaid

Area Average Yield (Qtl) per ha.

Total Production (Qtl)

Area Average Yield per ha (qtl)

Total production (qtl)


Total production

(qtl) (ha) (ha) (ha)

Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf.

1 Wokha

Paddy 1680 15410 16.73 14.98 28100 230900

Maize 646 166.56 107600

Small millet

3740 6.68 25000

Wheat 170 9.41 1600

Beans 100 9.50 950

Pea 950 11.89 11300

Rajmash (Kolar)

110 11.82 1300

Soyabean 1300 12.00 16500

Rapeseed & Mustard

2020 6.93 14000

Sugarcane 1130 420 474600

Potato 350 89.14 31200

Ginger 510 91.18 46500

Chilly 100 10.90 1090

Garlic 10 10.00 100

Colocasia 120 20.83 2500

2 Zunhebot

o

Paddy 3000 8900 16.63 16.04 49900 142800

Maize 8010 17.03 136400

Small millet

2050 7.07 14500

Wheat 150 9.33 1400

Beans 110 11.82 1300

Pea 820 12.03 9900

Rajmash (Kolar)

120 12.50 1500

Soyabean 6080 12.01 73000

Rapeseed & Mustard

1480 7.03 10400

Sugarcane 650 420 273000

Potato 150 91.33 13700

- 41 -

Ginger 260 88.46 23000

Chilly 100 11.20 1120

Garlic 10 12.00 120

3 Dimapur

Paddy 24020 9360 16.01 15.04 384560 140800 1700 16.01 27217

Maize 10820 16.7 180700

Small millet

3,720 6.13 22800

Wheat

Beans 290 11.38 3300

Pea 1070 12.24 13100

Rajmash (Kolar)

170 11.76 2000

Soyabean 5130 12.03 61700

Rapeseed & Mustard

14400 7.94 114300

Sugarcane 2360 76575 1358800

Potato 640 91.41 58500

Ginger 500 87.8 43900

4 Mon

Paddy 1780 11700 12.13 15.71 21600 183800

Maize 7530 16.76 126200

Small millet

2710 7.01 19000

Wheat 160 8.75 1400

Beans 170 11.76 2000

Pea 580 12.07 7000

Rajmash (Kolar)

60 11.67 700

Soyabean 3100 12.03 37300

Rapeseed & Mustard

1970 6.9 13600

Potato 430 85.81 36900

Ginger 140 88.57 12400

Colocasia 7331 79.93 586000

5 Mokok-chung

Paddy 2820 14070 15.99 15.59 45100 219400

Maize 6380 16.61 106000

Small millet

2860 6.99 20000

Wheat 160 8.13 1300

- 42 -

Beans 140 10.71 1500

Pea 890 11.79 10500

Rajmash 90 12.23 1100

Soyabean 1360 11.98 16300

Rapeseed & Mustard

2030 6.95 14100

Sugarcane 290 167.24 48500

Potato 260 88.46 23000

Ginger 200 88.00 17600

6 Phek

Paddy 13050 7940 16.25 16.9 212000 134200

Maize 9550 16.74 159900

Small millet

3260 6.99 22800

Wheat 150 8.67 1300

Beans 220 12.72 2800

Pea 1220 12.05 14700

Rajmash (Kolar)

110 12.73 1400

Soyabean 2120 12.08 25600

Rapeseed & Mustard

2030 7.09 14400

Potato 460 88.91 40900

Ginger 440 89.32 39300

Cabbage 100 2.05 205

Chillies 110 1.45 159

Garlic 70 1.4 98

7 Kohima*

Paddy 11100 12000 15.93 18.48 176800 221800

Maize 6580 16.67 109700

Small millet

3800 7.26 27600

Wheat 160 8.75 1400

Beans 170 12.94 2200

Pea 1010 12.08 12200

Rajmash (Kolar)

60 13.33 800

Soyabean 1920 12.03 23100

- 43 -

Rapeseed & Mustard

1560 7.31 11400

Sugarcane 360 510 183600

Potato 830 90.96 75500

Ginger 360 88.89 32000

Cauliflower

86 75.00 6450

Colocasia 3300 60.00 198000

Paddy 5550 20600 16.22 15.839

8 90000 326300

Maize 9370 16.74 156900

Small millet

2860 7.27 20800

Wheat 150 8.67 1300

Beans 190 12.11 2300

Pea 760 12.11 9200

Rajmash (Kolar)

1920 11.72 22500

Soyabean 4470 11.99 53600

Rapeseed & Mustard

2010 7.11 14300

Potato 380 90.79 34500

Ginger 190 87.89 16700

*Includes data for Peren district. #includes data for Kiphire & Longleng district

- 44 -

Table-SPSP 12 (Cont.): Crop production and productivity as per Agricultural Statistics, 2008

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sl. No.

Name of the Districts

Name of crops

Kharif Rabi Zaid

Area Average Yield (Qtl) per ha.

Total Production (Qtl)


Total production (qtl)


Total production (qtl) (ha) (ha) (ha)

Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf. Irri Rf.

1 Nagaland

Paddy 64700 99980 16.00 16.00 1035200 1600000

Maize 64700 16.74 1083400

Small millet 25000 6.90 172500

Wheat 1500 8.33 12500

Beans 1700 11.82 20100

Pea 7300 12.04 87900

Rajmash (Kolar) 2640 11.86 31300

Soyabean 25480 12.02 306200

Rapeseed & Mustard 27500 7.51 206500

Sugarcane 4790 488.20 2338500

Potato 3500 89.77 314200

Ginger 2600 89.00 231400

Colocassia 10751 73.16 786500

Chilly 310 7.64 2369

Garlic 90 3.53 318

Cabbage/ Cauliflower 186 35.78 6655

(Source: Statistical Handbook of Nagaland-2007, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Nagaland)

- 45 -

Table-SPSP 13: A. comparative average yield of major crops of the State and India during Triennia 1972-73 to 1974 -75 and 1992-93 to 1994-95 (in Kg/Ha.)

1 2 3 4

Major Crop/crop group Period I: 1972-73 to 1974-75 Period II: 1992-93 to 1994-95 Post 1994-95

State India State India State India

1. Food grains i. Rice

ii. Wheat iii. Jowar iv. Maize

2. Pulses

i. Tur ii. Gram

3. Oil seeds i. Groundnut ii. Rapeseed iii. Mustard

iv. Soyabean v. Sunflower

4. Other Cash crops

i. Sugarcane ii. Cotton iii. Jute

iv. Potato

NA

2464

NA

4508

NA

4657

(Source: Central Statistical Organisation, Ministry of Statistical & Programme Implementation, GOI, New-Delhi)

- 46 -

Chapter 6

Implementation of watershed programmes in the State at present

a). Administrative structure for implementing watershed programmes in the state.

The PIA in the State Level for implementation of IWDP is the Department of Land

Resources, created by government of Nagaland in the year 1993-04 specifically to

implement CSS-IWDP of the Ministry of Rural Development, DoLR, which is headed by

Minister and Secretary I/C of the department in the government level. The State level

implementation of the programme is headed by the Director, Land Resources, under

whom multi-disciplinary team of technical officers in the Directorate formulates plans and

policies; and monitor the implementation of the watershed programmes. The PIA in the

District level is headed by District Project Officer and assisted by Assistant Project

Officers, Assistant Inspectors and Watershed Development Team Members.

b). Area covered under watershed programmes in the State:

Under IWDP, a total of 42 projects have been sanctioned so far by GOI covering 694

villages across the eleven districts of the state covering a total watershed area of

3,76,806.50 Ha.

Watershed programmes of other Ministries such as Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of

India are implemented by other line departments in the state such as 120 NWDPRA

projects covering a total watershed area of 60,000 Ha. implemented by department of

agriculture and 57 WDPSCA projects covering a total area of 32,790.23 Ha. implemented

by department of soil & water conservation.

- 47 -

Table-SPSP 14: Status of state area covered under the watershed programme (ha)

Sl. No.

Name of Districts

Total Micro- watersheds in the

state

Net micro-watersheds to be

covered

Micro-watersheds covered so far

Dept. of Land Resources

Other Ministries/

Depts. Total Micro- watersheds

covered Pre-IWMP projects (DPAP

Any other watershed

project +DDP +IWDP)

No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.) No. Area (ha.)

1 Wokha 377 162800.00 82 44600.00 18 9000.00 100 53600.00 277 109200.00

2 Longleng 104 58721.00 13 6400.00 4 1570.00 17 7970.00 87 50751.00

3 Tuensang 404 247894.00 88 69000.00 13 6500.00 101 75500.00 303 172394.00

4 Zunheboto 299 125500.00 77 38700.00 10 5000.00 87 43700.00 212 81800.00

5 Dimapur 238 92700.00 56 28000.00 22 10950.23 78 38950.23 160 53749.77

6 Mon 408 178600.00 82 41000.00 18 9000.00 100 50000.00 308 128600.00

7 Peren 393 179224.00 57 28500.00 13 6500.00 70 35000.00 323 144224.00

8 Mokokchung 402 161500.00 92 44600.00 19 5500.00 111 50100.00 291 111400.00

9 Phek 413 202600.00 57 28830.00 21 14300.00 78 43130.00 335 159470.00

10 Kiphire 211 116185.00 22 11176.50 5 2500.00 27 13676.50 184 102508.50

11 Kohima 292 132176.00 68 36000.00 34 21970.00 102 57970.00 190 74206.00

NAGALAND 3541 1657900.00 694 376806.50 177 92790.23 871 469596.73 2670 1188303.27

- 48 -

Table-SPSP 15: Details regarding the watershed projects sanctioned by DoLR in the State:

1 2 3 4

S.No. Item Total Pre-IWMP scheme details

DPAP DDP IWDP

1 Area sanctioned in ha. (as per column 4 of DoLR area in ha. Table SSP 14)

3,76,806.50 3,76,806.50

2 Names of the districts covered

Dimapur, Wokha, Peren, Kohima, Zunheboto, Mon, Tuensang, Longleng, Kiphire, Mokokchung, and Phek

3 No. of Blocks covered 52 52

4 No. of watershed projects sanctioned by DoLR 42 42

5 No. of projects completed out of those taken at Row (4)

42 42

6 No. of projects foreclosed of Row (4) NIL NIL

7 No. of on-going projects of Row (4) NIL NIL

8 Area already treated by completed projects of Row (5)

3,76,806.50 3,76,806.50

9 Area for treatment by on-going projects of Row (5)

NIL NIL

10 Total area treated and under treatment (8)+ (9)

3,76,806.50 3,76,806.50

11 Area yet to be treated and proposed to be treated by DoLR (column 1-column 10)

NIL NIL

- 49 -

Table-SPSP 16: Details of the watershed projects implemented in the State with the financial assistance other than DoLR

1 2 3 4

Sl.No

Item Total

Watershed schemes of other Ministries

Ministry of Agriculture GoI

Ministry of E & F, GoI

Planning Commission

NABARD State Govt.

EAP Others (Pl.

Specify)

1 Area sanctioned in ha. (as per column 4 of Table 14)

92790.83 NWDPRA WDPSCA

NA NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

2 Names of the districts covered

Dimapur, Wokha, Peren, Kohima,

Zunheboto, Mon, Tuensang,

Longleng, Kiphire, Mokokchung, and

Phek

Dimapur, Wokha, Peren, Kohima,

Zunheboto, Mon, Tuensang, Longleng,

Kiphire, Mokokchung, and

Phek

3 No. of Blocks covered 52 52

4 No. of watershed projects sanctioned other than DoLR

177 177

5 No. of projects completed out of those taken at Row (4)

177 177

6 No. of projects foreclosed of Row (4)

- -

7 No. of on-going projects of Row (4)

- -

8 Area already treated by completed projects of Row (5)

92790.23 92790.23

9 Area for treatment by on-going projects of Row (5)

- -

10 Total area treated and under treatment (8)+ (9)

92790.23 92790.23

11

Area yet to be treated and proposed to be treated by other than DoLR resources (column 1-column 10)

NA NA

- 50 -

Details of pending utilization certificates and unspent balance

Table- SPSP 17 : Details of pending UCs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sl. No.

District Project Instal-

ment no.

Financial year of

release of fund

Amount released (Rs. in lakh)

Amount utilized (Rs.in lakhs)

Submission of UC Date of submission

of UC Reasons for

not submitting/ delayed

submission of UC

Pending UCs

Due date

Amount (Rs. In lakhs)

Date Amount (Rs. In lakhs)

Period

Amount (Rs. in

lakhs)

NAGALAND

NIL

Table-SPSP 18: Details of Unspent balance as on 31/08/2009

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Sl. No.

District Project Installment

No.

Financial year of release of

fund

Amount released

(Rs. in lakh)

Amount utilized

(Rs. in lakh)

Unutilised funds (Rs. In lakh)

NAGALAND NIL

- 51 -

Chapter 7

Strategy for implementation of Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)

a) Prioritization of available area based on the criteria as per the Operational Guidelines of DoLR

Based on the parameters envisaged in the guideline for implementation of Integrated

Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), the available watersheds of the district were

ranked according to priority. For determining the parameters, peoples participation, Scope for

developing Water Harvesting Structures (WHS), availability of work force, numbers of people

living Below Poverty Lines, Prevalence of wastelands, common land and Jhum lands and

Jhumians etc. were taken into consideration.

The net area available for treatment and proposed accordingly for implementation under

IWMP in the next 18 years is shown in the table given as under:

Sl. No.

Particulars

Area (in Ha.)

Total Micro-watershed

Area to be covered

Area available for

treatment under IWMP

A Total Watershed area of the State 1657900.00

1 Watershed projects already implemented by various departments

469596.73 0.00 0.00

2 Jhum areas, both current and fallow 648969.07 648969.07 547289.72

3 Forests under Govt. control 4058.03 4058.03 0.00

4 Degraded forest under private/community including pastures & village woodlot

433526.19 433526.19 377124.80

5 Orchard & other plantations 45669.37 45669.37 0.00

6 Settlement, Road etc. 54328.11 54328.11 0.00

7 Others (Community building, pond, market sheds, Church/temple etc)

1752.50 1752.50 0.00

B Total (Sl. 1+2+3+4+5+6+7) 1657900.00 1188303.27 924414.52

It is rational and also logical that the watersheds should be ranked in order of priority based on the

parameters envisaged in the Common Programme Guidelines. For the hilly states in the NER,

shifting cultivation is predominant. As the programme is meant for such areas, it also becomes a

determining technical parameter for prioritization. Ten parameters have been formulated and

weightages are also conceptualized as given in Table No. 10.

- 52 -

Parameters and their weightages

SL. NO.

Parameters

Category

Weightages High Medium Low

1. People’s participation through contribution of labour, cash, material and operation and maintenance of the assets created.

12 12 8 2

2. Scope for water harvesting and availability of safe drinking watershed Community. 10 10 6 3

3. Poor Families 8 8 4 2

4. Total Wastelands 12 12 8 4

5. Preponderance of common land. 8 8 4 2

6. Need for wage employment and wage rate. 8 8 4 2

7. Contiguous to another watersheds that Has already been developed or treated.

12 12 8 4

8. Jhum areas 10 10 6 3

9. Scope for weaning away jhum as from Jhuming. 12 12 8 4

10. Settlement 8 8 4 2

Total 100 100 60 30

- 53 -

For assigning the weightages under different parameters for different projects

quantitative data already compiled and tabulated in the previous chapters qualitative

information provided by project implementing agencies and also obtained from local enquiries

are used rationally and carefully.

The status with regard to peoples’ participation and contribution are decided based on

the present situation in Hariyali projects as well as other projects implemented in the village

areas. Scope for water harvesting is decided from the stream network, flow available in the

streams as well as feedback given by the WDTs of the project implementing agencies. The

availability of safe drinking water to the concerned watershed community has been assessed

from the data base of PHE Department and general views of the District Administrations and

traditional institutions.

The Census of India 2001 is utilized to know the workers population, agricultural

labours and an understanding about the poverty level was made using such census data as

well as data related to Village Development Boards (VDBs).

Wasteland statistics is taken as the base for grading the watersheds which is amply

explained and also provided in tables in the earlier chapters. Similarly the settlement areas

mapped during wasteland survey was used to give weightages.

The wage rate in specific locations of the district is considered as per the information’s

provided by the project implementing agencies, district authority and the local people. Need

for wage employment is assessed from the above information. The wage rate prevailing in

some of the villages are Rs.100/- which indicates the presence of enough people seeking

wages.

The Department of Land resources, Govt. of Nagaland provided the data about the

implemented projects and their locations. From these the contiguity of watersheds are

worked out and accordingly weightages are assigned.

The jhum area both current and abandoned is available in terms of hectares within the

project boundaries. The weightages given linearly proportionate to the area under jhuming.

Scope for weaning away the jhumias from jhuming was given by the PIA and these

information’s are used for assigning weightage corresponding to the parameters.These

information which are both quantitative and qualitative have been used for assigning the

weightages for different projects.

- 54 -

Table-SPSP 19: Plan-wise phasing of physical (area in ha) & financial (Rs. in Crore) targets of IWMP for next 18 years

Sl. No

Districts

Remaining period of XI Plan

XII Plan XIII Plan XIV Plan

Total for 18 years (2009-10 to (2012-13 to (2017-18 to (2022-23 to

2011-12) 2016-17) 2021-22) 2026-27)

Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.

1 Wokha 27345.00 41.02 22843.73 34.27 19197.68 28.80 19073.64 28.61 88460.05 132.70

2 Longleng 19779.80 29.67 18000.00 27.00 12031.04 18.05 0.00 0.00 49810.84 74.72

3 Tuensang 26626.55 39.94 27236.75 40.86 25863.65 38.79 23458.49 35.19 103185.44 154.78

4 Zunheboto 24884.00 37.33 20100.62 30.15 16162.48 24.24 18385.90 27.58 79533.00 119.30

5 Dimapur 24477.88 36.72 18848.85 28.27 10423.00 15.63 0.00 0.00 53749.73 80.62

6 Mon 24000.00 36.00 22000.00 33.00 21500.00 32.25 22000.00 33.00 89500.00 134.25

7 Peren 23630.00 35.44 28949.56 43.42 29265.69 43.90 27782.00 41.67 109627.25 164.43

8 Mokokchung 28120.00 42.18 24547.42 36.82 20760.00 31.14 24745.58 37.12 98173.00 147.26

9 Phek 26339.00 39.51 21284.30 31.93 33536.30 50.30 21002.40 31.50 102162.00 153.24

10 Kiphire 22354.41 33.53 19225.86 28.84 18349.63 27.52 17319.30 25.98 77249.20 115.87

11 Kohima 27254.00 40.88 16490.53 24.74 13986.04 20.98 15233.44 22.85 72964.01 109.45

NAGALAND 274810.64 412.22 239527.62 359.30 221075.51 331.60 189000.75 283.50 924414.52 1386.62

- 55 -

Table-SPSP 20: Year-wise phasing of physical (area in ha) & financial (Rs. in lakh) targets of IWMP for remaining

period of XI Plan

1 2 3

Sl. No

Districts

Remaining period of XI Plan

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Phy.

Fin.

Phy.

Fin.

Phy.

Fin.

Phy.

Fin. No. of

projects Area

No. of projects

Area No. of

projects Area

No. of projects

Area

H&D O H&D O H&D O H&D O H&D O H&D O H&D O H&D O

1 Wokha 2 - 10207 - 1531.05 2 - 8238.00 - 1235.70 2 - 8900.00 - 1335 6 - 27345.00 - 4101.75

2 Longleng 2 - 8959 - 1343.85 1 - 5820.80 - 873.12 1 - 5000.00 - 750 4 - 19779.80 - 2966.97

3 Tuensang 2 - 9985 - 1497.75 2 - 8541.55 - 1281.23 2 - 8100.00 - 1215 6 - 26626.55 - 3993.98

4 Zunheboto 2 - 8084 - 1212.60 2 - 8000.00 - 1200.00 2 - 8800.00 - 1320 6 - 24884.00 - 3732.60

5 Dimapur 2 - 8408 - 1261.20 2 - 8069.88 - 1210.48 2 - 8000.00 - 1200 6 - 24477.88 - 3671.68

6 Mon 2 - 9000 - 1350.00 2 - 7000.00 - 1050.00 2 - 8000.00 - 1200 6 - 24000.00 - 3600.00

7 Peren 2 9354 - 1403.10 1 - 6276.00 - 941.40 2 - 8000.00 - 1200 5 - 23630.00 - 3544.50

8 Mokokchung 2 - 10972 - 1645.80 2 - 8248.00 - 1237.20 2 - 8900.00 - 1335 6 - 28120.00 - 4218.00

9 Phek 2 - 9539 - 1430.85 2 - 8000.00 - 1200.00 2 - 8800.00 - 1320 6 - 26339.00 - 3950.85

10 Kiphire 2 - 10667 - 1600.05 1 - 6687.41 - 1003.12 1 - 5000.00 - 750 4 - 22354.41 - 3353.17

11 Kohima 2 - 10554 1583.10 2 - 8200.00 - 1230.00 2 - 8500.00 - 1275 6 - 27254.00 - 4088.10

NAGALAND 22 105729 15859.35 19 83081.64 12462.25 19 86000.00 12900 61 274810.64 41221.60

- 56 -

Table-SPSP 21: Details of district-wise and category-wise area proposed to be taken up under IWMP during next

3 years i.e. upto 11th Five Year Plan.

(Area in Ha.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. No.

Districts Year

Total area available

for treatment

Total area proposed to

take up under IWMP in the next 3

years

Terrain of the proposed area Land use type of the available treatment

area

Hilly Desert Others

(Pl. specify)

Cultivated Rainfed

area

Un-cultivated Wasteland

Tree Clad/Forest

1 Wokha

2009-12

30785.38 27345.00 23200.99 NIL NIL 3283.58 12155.25 15346.55

2 Longleng 26737.55 19779.80 19810.84 NIL NIL 2969.37 9848.73 13919.45

3 Tuensang 33085.75 26626.55 23634.20 NIL NIL 4759.31 13843.35 14483.09

4 Zunheboto 29597.46 24884.00 22714.17 NIL NIL 3544.66 13393.53 12659.27

5 Dimapur 30604.26 24477.88 21533.35 NIL NIL 6156.67 8430.92 16016.67

6 Mon 30985.60 24000.00 23500.00 NIL NIL 5129.78 9763.24 16092.58

7 Peren 31703.26 23630.00 23572.75 NIL NIL 3599.95 12524.83 15578.48

8 Mokokchung 35026.16 28120.00 24567.00 NIL NIL 3149.49 17709.89 14166.78

9 Phek 28775.43 26339.00 20107.72 NIL NIL 3863.65 12084.33 12827.45

10 Kiphire 28869.21 22354.41 22688.48 NIL NIL 2240.00 12476.43 14152.78

11 Kohima 33717.60 27254.00 23422.96 NIL NIL 3336.70 16165.74 14215.16

NAGALAND 339887.66 274810.64 248752.46 NIL NIL 42033.16 138396.24 159458.26

- 57 -

Table-SPSP 21 (Contd.): Details of district wise and category-wise area proposed to be taken up under IWMP during next 3 years

i.e. upto 11th Five Year Plan.

8 9 10

Ownership pattern of the area available for treatment No. of beneficiaries covered Identified DPAP/ DDP Blocks covered

Private Community Forest Others

(pl. specify)

Total area MF SF LF Landless Total

DPAP DDP

No. of blocks

Area No. of blocks

Area

23089.04 7696.35 NIL 30785.38 1002 1206 168 NIL 2376 NIL NIL NIL NIL



22198.10 7399.37 NIL 29597.46 135 189 10 92 426 NIL NIL NIL NIL



23777.45 7824.96 100.85 NIL 31703.26 840 160 70 NIL 1070 NIL NIL NIL NIL





254915.75 84871.06 100.85 NIL 339887.66 16860 19908 9564 92 47229 NIL NIL NIL NIL

- 58 -

Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes in the State

The department of Land Resources, Govt. of Nagaland has been implementing only IWDP programme out of the three programmes

(IWDP/DPAP/DDP) of the department of Land Resources, Govt. of India, Ministry of Rural Development. However, state sponsored

schemes such as Agro forestry, rubber plantation, apiculture and medicinal and aromatic plants shall be dovetailed with the Integrated

Watershed Management Programme (IWMP).

Table-SPSP 22: Details of Convergence of IWMP with other Schemes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sl. No.

Name of the

District

Names of Departments with Schemes

converging with IWMP

Funds to be made available to IWMP

due to convergence (Rs.)

Was this fund included in Rs.12,000/15,000 per

ha. Name of

activity/task/structure to be undertaken with converged funds

Level at which decision for

convergence was taken Yes No

1 Wokha

YET TO BE WORKED OUT

2 Longleng

3 Tuensang

4 Zunheboto

5 Dimapur

6 Mon

7 Peren

8 Mokok chung

9 Phek

10 Kiphire

11 Kohima

NAGALAND

- 59 -

Public – Private Partnership

Economic growth and human development are interlinked. Nagaland by focusing on economic growth can expect to reap benefits through increased levels of income, employment generation and reduction in economic disparities within the different regions of the State and the populace. Government’s role in making the investments cannot be understated but the limited availability of financial resources with the Government necessitates that private investment, both from within and outside the State, is encouraged. Harnessing of the resources and potentials of watershed programmes require not only investments but also policy interventions to encourage such investments.

Out of the total geographical area of the state of 16, 57,900 Ha, about 1188303.27 Ha falls under different categories such as rainfed arable land, degraded and tree clad area. All these lands are prioritized for treatment under Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP).

The SLNA can initiate public private partnership with MNCs and private

business houses with considerable expertise related to watershed development projects. The SLNA and the private agencies can enter into agreement through a legally enforceable Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the partners with clear entitlements and obligations of each partner. The private agencies with better access to marketing and financial institution can play vital role in technological inputs and scientific planning with their long time tested experience in project management.

Lack of marketing linkages has been one of the key disincentives to Naga

farmers in producing surplus. The private agencies can formulate marketing strategy to source out the products from the watershed areas to prospective markets, creating avenue for residual income.

Watershed Committee (WC) formed in all the micro-watershed villages can be sensitized to implement the proposed projects and encourage for optimum utilization and management of resources in a sustainable manner.

However, the caution to be exercised while embarking on the path of economic

development is to ensure that the resources available are used efficiently and in a sustainable and planned manner for equitable economic growth within a reasonable time-frame.

- 60 -

Table-SPSP 23: Summary of Public-Private Partnership in the IWMP projects

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No.

District Name of Private Sector Partner

Agency

Type of agreement signed (MoU/contract

others pl.specify)

Financial contribution

Partnership Interventions

Expected Outcomes

1 Wokha

N O T Y E T I D E T I F I E D

2 Longleng

3 Tuensang

4 Zunheboto

5 Dimapur

6 Mon

7 Peren

8 Mokokchung

9 Phek

10 Kiphire

11 Kohima

NAGALAND

- 61 -

Planning Process - Details of Scientific criteria/Inputs used in Planning

Scientific criteria/ inputs used

(A) Planning Remarks

Cluster approach Yes

Whether technical back-stopping for the project has been arranged? Yes

Baseline survey Yes

Hydro-geological survey No

Contour mapping Yes

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) Yes

Remote sensing data-especially soil/ crop/ run-off cover Yes

Ridge to Valley treatment Yes

Online IT connectivity between:

(1) Project and DRDA cell/ZP Yes

(2) DRDA and SLNA Yes

(3) SLNA and DoLR Yes

Availability of GIS layers

1. Cadastral map No

2. Village boundaries No

3. Drainage Yes

4. Soil (Soil nutrient status) No

5. Land use Yes

6. Ground water status No

7. Watershed boundaries Yes

8. Activity Yes

Crop simulation models

Integrated coupled analyzer/ near infrared visible spectroscopy/ medium spectroscopy for high speed soil nutrient analysis

No

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) No

Weather Stations No

(B) Inputs

1. Bio-pesticides No

2. Organic manures Yes

3. Vermicompost Yes

4. Bio-fertilizer Yes

5. Water saving devices Yes

6. Mechanized tools/ implements Yes

7. Bio-fencing Yes

8. Nutrient budgeting No

9. Automatic water level recorders & sediment samplers No

Any other (please specify)

- 62 -

Chapter 8

Livelihood concerns

Agriculture has traditionally been and continues to be the main source of

livelihood of Naga life. It is one of the significant contributors to the net state domestic

product and is the largest employer of the workforce in the State. Out of the total

workforce in the state, 68.03% are engaged in agricultural activities. Rearing of

livestocks like cattle, poultry, and piggery is another important livelihood. Traditional

cottage industries like weaving, carpentry, handicrafts and blacksmith are also taken

up.

During the last four decade, the food grain production in Nagaland has shown an

upward trend and its productivity has increased from 700 Kg per hectare to 1300 Kg.

per hectare. However, the state is not self sufficient in production of food grains. Non-

traditional crops such as wheat, barley, spices, rubber and sugarcane are also gaining

popularity in recent years, promising to convert agriculture from subsistence farming to

commercially viable activity. The land is extremely fertile and can produce the best

quality of agro-based, horticulture and floriculture products through organic farming.

Nagaland has followed the practice of raising crops under organic conditions

since time immemorial. In the context of the globalization of agriculture, organic

products have higher market value. Nagaland is in a unique position to take advantage

of this.

Nagaland has a highly congenial agro-climatic condition for cultivation of a wide

range of fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and flowers. Currently, the area under

horticulture forms only 5% of the total cropped area. Among the commercial

vegetables, nearly 90% of the area is occupied by potato, tapioca and sweet potato.

Ginger, chillies and turmeric are the major spices grown in the State. Meanwhile, it has

been estimated that the State imports 60% to 70% of the vegetable requirements.

Systematic harnessing of this environment for growing high value crops will open up

new dimensions for improving the income and livelihood of the farmers.

Livestock provides additional income and employment to the farmers. Nagaland

has a large population of pigs, cattle, goat, and Mithun. The Department of Animal

Husbandry has estimated that Nagaland requires Rs 605 crore worth of meat and eggs

annually for local consumption. Currently the production is worth only Rs 230 crore.

Import of meat and meat products not only increases the cost of food but also results in

outflow of resources.

Nagaland’s agro-produce, handlooms and handicrafts enjoy recognition in both

national and international markets but have not been able to take full advantage of the

potential and existing demand due to limited quantities, marketing linkages, quality and

standardization concerns.

- 63 -

Other raw materials and potentials available:

Nagaland is richly endowed with unutilized and unexploited mineral

resources, including oil and natural gas, limestone, marble, as well as metals

like nickel, cobalt and chromium. The ownership of the resources is an issue

that has to be resolved by the Government of India and Nagaland, keeping

in mind the special provisions under Article 371(A) of the Constitution before

optimum commercial exploitation of these hydrocarbon resources can be

made.

Nagaland has tremendous forest resources. Its forest cover is above 80

percent while forest area is 56 percent. As such, forests represent the richest

natural resource of the State. It is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hot

spot, part of the South-East Asian environment that contributed the flowering

plant to the world. The State has a wealth of herbal, medicinal and aromatic

plants with tremendous economic potentials. The rich forest cover holds

tremendous potential for bio-technological manipulations and also indicates

strength for a sustainable timber industry, especially through tree cultivation.

Therefore, biotechnology, which also represents one of the sunshine

sectors, presents Nagaland with a unique opportunity. There is great

urgency, therefore, in this age of globalization, for the government to

immediately institute measures of protection for these riches and also to find

adequate funding for research and documentation in order to reap benefits

for the people.

Bamboo, the fastest growing and highest yielding renewable natural

resource, growing extensively all over the State, constitutes one of the most

important resources of Nagaland, The State is trying to exploit these

resources. One of the steps it has taken recently is setting up a Bamboo

Mission.

The other sunshine sector, IT, also has potential for Nagaland. One of the

advantages the State has is that its medium of instruction in schools is

English. With adequate and appropriate training programmes, the State

could take advantage of this sector.

With all the natural advantages and beauty of Nagaland,

including cultural diversity of the tribes, eco- and community-based tourism

presents great potential

The developmental experience of Nagaland has been full of challenges. The

geographical remoteness and inaccessibility, hilly terrain, lack of infrastructure,

population composition, scarce resources base and continuous insurgency poses

the biggest hamper in development.

- 64 -

Harnessing of the resources and potentials—mineral, forest, agriculture,

land, industry—and the opportunities in trade, the new sectors of IT or

biotechnology requires not only investments but also policy interventions to

encourage such investments. Government’s role in making the investments cannot

be understated but the limited availability of financial resources with the

Government necessitates that private investment, both from within and outside the

State, is encouraged. By focusing on economic growth, Nagaland can expect to

reap benefits through increased levels of income, employment generation and

reduction in economic disparities within the different regions of the State and the

populace.

During 2000–01, per capita income was Rs. 11,473 (at constant 1993–94

prices) as against Rs. 10,306 for the country as a whole.

- 65 -

Table- SPSP 24: Details of livelihoods created for landless people

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S. No.

District Name of activity

No. of beneficiaries Pre-project income (Rs. In lakhs)

Expected change in

income from project

intervention

Funds required for the activity

(Rs.)

Sources of funding (Rs.)

SC ST Others Women Total Project Fund

Benefi-ciary

Financial institution

NGO Others

1 Wokha

Weaving, Handicraft,

Blacksmithy, Masonry,

Beekeeping,

1700 1700 204.00 400.00 170.00 85.00 42.00 43.00

2 Longleng -do- 750 750 90.00 200.00 75.00 37.00 14.00 14.00

3 Tuensang -do- 1500 1500 180.00 380.00 150.00 75.00 37.00 38.00

4 Zunheboto -do- 4000 4000 480.00 1000.00 400.00 200.00 100.00 100.00

5 Dimapur -do- 6000 6000 720.00 1500.00 600.00 300.00 150.00 150.00

6 Mon -do- 850 850 102.00 250.00 85.00 43.00 22.00 21.00

7 Peren -do- 450 450 54.00 150.00 45.00 23.00 11.00 11.00

8 Mokok chung

-do- 2000 2000 240.00 600.00 200.00 100.00 50.00 50.00

9 Phek -do- 1500 1500 180.00 380.00 150.00 75.00 38.00 37.00

10 Kiphire -do- 680 680 81.60 200.00 68.00 34.00 17.00 17.00

11 Kohima -do- 5000 5000 600.00 1400.00 500.00 250.00 125.00 125.00

NAGALAND 24430 24430 2931.60 6460.00 2443.00 1222.00 606.00 606.00

- 66 -

Table-SPSP 25: Details of other livelihoods created for farmers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S. No.

District Name of activity

No. of beneficiaries Pre-project income (Rs. In Lakh)

Expected change in income from

project intervention (Rs.

In Lakh)

Funds required for the activity

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sources of funding (Rs.)

SF MF LF Other Total Project Fund

Benefi-ciary Financial institution NGO Others

1 Wokha

Weaving 1700 200 - - 1900 NIL 360.00 85.00

Carpentry 105 82 - - 187 3.366 276.012 37.40 - -

Black smithy 35 - - - 35 NIL 21.00 7.00 - -

Handicraft 45 75 - - 120 NIL 72.00 24.00 - -

Small cottage industry

- 5 10 - 15 NIL 22.50 7.50 - -

Cattle farming

2 35 70 - 97 NIL 436.50 145.50 - -

2 Longleng

Cattle Farming

- 8 17 - 25 NIL 37.50 5.37

Black smithy

12 8 - - 20 NIL 2.40 0.50

Carpentry 15 4 - - 19 NIL 6.40 1.14

Weaving 4 21 - - 25 NIL 9.70 1.25

Small cottage

industries - - 8 - 8 NIL 23.00 1.20

3

Mokok chung

Pisciculture 1320 957 NIL 22495 24772 NIL 24.00 1.50

Piggery 7656 6265 NIL 19195 205899 NIL 350.00 25.00

Poultry 7178 5569 NIL 171586 184333 NIL 256.00 22.00

4

Mon

Weaving

150

100

20

-

270

0.30

50.00

27.00

Carpentry 50 20 - - 70 0.35 60.00 14.00

Black smithy 80 30 10 - 120 0.30 60.00 24.00

Piggery 250 150 50 - 450 0.25 40.00 22.50

- 67 -

Diary 30 20 10 - 60 0.30 60.00 12.000

Pisciculture 10 30 40 - 80 0.40 70.00 24.00

5 Peren

Weaving 600 400 - - 1000 25.00 420.00 50.00

Carpentry 120 120 - - 240 4.00 20.00 48.00

Black smithy 45 - - - 45 2.00 20.00 9.00

Handicraft 75 75 - - 150 2.00 72.00 30.00

Small cottage industry

5 5 10 - 20 5.00 100. 10.00

Dairy 10 25 50 - 85 200 42.50

6 Phek

Weaving - 200 - 200 200 0.030 25.00 8.00

Carpentry - 140 - - 40 0.035 15.00 6.00

Blacksmith - 100 - - 10 0.025 5.00 1.50

Duckery - 15 - 45 45 0.030 12.00 2.50

Goatery - 80 - - 80 0.050 13.00 3.00

Poultry - 125 - 125 125 0.045 21.00 4.50

Dairy - 50 - - 50 0.06 20.00 4.00

7 Dimapur

Piggery 820 820 - - 1640 - 236.00 35.60

Poultry 820 820 - - 1640 - 228.00 32.80

Pisciculture 820 820 -- - 1640 - 118.00 25.60 Silk worm

rearing 820 820 - - 1640 - 82.00 16.40

Apiculture 820 820 - - 1640 - 87.00 16.50

Nursery 820 820 - - 1640 - 28.00 12.80

Weaving 820 820 - - 1640 - 124.00 16.40

8

Kohima

Carpentry

12

8

-

-

20

NIL

20.44

1.00

Weaving - 12 18 - 30 NIL 25.16 6.00 Cattle/ farming

- 4 12 - 16 NIL 65.48 24.00

Blacksmith 16 4 - - 20 NIL 20.14 4.00 Small

cottage industry

- 3 14 - 17 NIL 65.76 8.50

- 68 -

9 Kiphire

Weaving 272 62 NA 200 534 0.26 53.40 2.67 Cattle

farming 200 60 - 125 385 3.85 76.00 25.36

Piggery 336 55 - 366 757 9.08 18.925 4.60

Pisciculture 136 72 - 223 431 0.34 51.72 15.00

10 Tuensang

Piggery 780 856 -- - 1636 3.56 32.50 65.44

Poultry 646 794 - - 1440 1.75 27.25 57.60

Pisciculture 634 742 -- - 1376 1.65 25.00 55.04 Silk worm

rearing 320 476 - - 796 3.34 11.44 7.96

Apiculture 342 674 - - 1016 0.80 32.00 16.10

Weaving 634 968 - - 1602 1.56 28.50 10.16

11 Zunheboto

Weaving 456 648 - - 1104 2.50 420.00 55.20

Carpentry 124 220 - - 240 4.00 200.00 68.80

Black smithy 36 - - - 45 2.00 20.00 7.20

Handicraft 64 98 - - 162 2.00 72.00 24.30 Small

cottage industry

5 6 8 - 19 5.00 100.00 9.50

Dairy 10 27 58 - 85 2.50 200.00 42.50

NAGALAND 30260 26443 405 214560 443806 87.731 5648.727 1373.89

- 69 -

Chapter 9

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

In the institutional arrangements for implementation of IWMP, it is

composed of three body, i.e.,

a. Governing Body

b. Executive Council/Body

c. District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU)

The Governing Body consists of the following Members:

1. Principal Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary/Secretary

Department of Land Resources Development, Government of

Nagaland.

2. Director

Department of Land Resources Development.

3. Professional Experts to assist SLNA.

4. Representatives of SLNA

a) Principal Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary/Secretary,

Department of Rural Development. : Member

b) Principal Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary/Secretary

Department of Agriculture. : Member

c) Principal Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary

/Secretary, Department of Horticulture : Member

d) Principal Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary

/Secretary, Department of Irrigation and FC : Member

e) Dean, School of Agriculture Science and rural

Development (SASARD) Medziphema, Nagaland University :Member

f) Joint Director, ICAR, NE Region Nagaland Centre,

Jharnapani :Member

g) Deputy General Manager, NABARD, Nagaland

Regional Office, Dimapur. :Member

h) One Representatives of NRAA :Member

i ) One Representatives from the Ministry of Rural

Development, Department of Land Resources Development,

Government of India. :Member

- 70 -

The Executive Council/Body is composed of the following members:

1. Director

Department of Land Resources Development : CEO

2. Addl. Director

Department of Land Resources Development : Member

3. Joint Director


4. Deputy Director


5. Project Officer


The District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU) is composed of the

following members:

a) Project Manager : Project Officer

Department of Land Resources

Development

b) Subject Matter Specialists: Assistant Project Officer/assistant

Inspector/ Serving WDT Members of

the Department of Land Resources

Development possessing requisite

qualification and well experienced in

the field of Watershed Development

- 71 -

State Level Nodal Agency

The SLNA/IWMP is headed by Principal Secretary/Commissioner &

Secretary/Secretary. Department of Land Resources Development, Govt. of Nagaland,

as Chairman. Under him there will be CEO and two Professional Experts in the

Directorate of Land Resources Development. Besides, there are eight representatives

Members from Agriculture and Allied Department, in the rank of Principal

Secretary/Commissioner & Secretary/Secretary, Department Rural Development, there

is also other representatives from the ministries of Rural Development, Government of

India.

CHAIRMAN

CEO

PROFESSIONAL EXPERTS

REPRESENTATIVES

- 72 -

Table-DPSP 26: Details of SLNA

1 2 3 4 5

S. No. Date of Notification Type of SLNA Date of MoU with

DoLR Total no. of members of

SLNA

1 H/RS-5455/06-07-09 Govt. Department 20

Table-DPSP 27: Details of SLNA (Contd..)

6 7

Chairperson CEO

Name Designation Name Designation Date of

Appointment Nature of

appointment

Tenure (No. of years)

Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ E-mail

Shri. M. Patton

Secretary, Dept. of Land Resources Development.

Shri. Neise Mich

Director, Land Resources

20. 05.2008 Normal posting (SLNA is a State

Govt. Department)

Till transfer/ retirement

Ph. No: 0370-2270192

Mobile: 9436000484

Table-DPSP 28: Details of functionaries in the SLNAs

1 2 3 4

S. No.

Total no. of

persons working

in the SLNA for

IWMP

Monthly emoluments

of all the persons

working in the SLNA for

IWMP

Details of the persons engaged in the SLNA funded by DoLR

Names & Designation

Monthly remuner

ation

Date of Appoint

ment

Nature of appoint-ment

$


Contact Ph. No./ Fax/

E-mail

Subject of Expertise

Qualification

Experience Role

1

6

Shall be borne by the state Govt. as per their status and scale.

Shri. N.N.Zhasa, IFS, Chairman

As per the

status and scale

20. 05. 2008

Through Govt. departmental

posting

Till Transfer/retiremen

t

Administrative

officer M.sc.

Botany

25 yrs. of administrative

experience Administration

2 Shri. Neise Mich, CEO

0370 227019

2

Soil & water conservation

B.Sc. Agri.

Director LRD for 3 yrs. & 25

yrs. of watershed programme

Administration

3 Shri. Mhathung Yanthan, Member

0370 227019

5

Agricultural Economics

M.Sc. Agri. 20 yrs. of watershed programme

Subject Matter Specialist

4 Shri. Moatoshi, Member

Horticulture M.Sc. Agri. 20 yrs. of watershed programme


5

Shri. Hoto, Member

Horticulture B.Sc. Agri. 18 yrs. of watershed programme


6 Shri. K. Pienyu, Member

Agriculture B.Sc. Agri. 16 yrs. of watershed programme


Table-DPSP 29: Details of State Level Data Cell (SLDC) functionaries

1 2 3 4

S. No.

Total no. of persons

working in the SLDC for

IWMP

Monthly emoluments of all the persons working in the

SLDC for IWMP

Details of the persons engaged in the SLDC to be funded by DoLR

Names & Designation

Monthly remuneration

Date of Appointm

ent

Nature of appoint-ment

$


Contact Ph. No./ Fax/ E-

mail

Qualifi-cation

Experience Role

1

14

Shall be borne by the state Govt. as per

the status and scale

Shri. T. Renben , Deputy Director

As per the status and

scale

03.06. 2009

Through Govt.

Notification vide

No.LRD/IWDP-6-

2004

Till further Govt.

notification

B.Sc. Agri.

& AH

PIA 16 for yrs. on

watershed programme

Monitoring and

supervision.

2

3.55 lakh

Dr Nesatalu Hiese

40,000/-

Contract

Till the completi

on of project.

PhD in Remote sensing

8 years on Land & water

resource management

Data Management And Analysis

3 Chumdemo Yanthan

30,000/- B.E

Computer Science

7 years experience

on Database

management, website

developmentand Telecom

4

Aphreno Sakhrie

30,000/-

B.E

Computer Science

1 Year on database

management and website development

5 Benthungo Murry

30,000/- M.Sc.

Geology

9 yrs. of IT, Data and

watershed programme

6 Sivi Mor 30,000/- B.Sc.

Forestry


watershed programme

7 Setono Suokhrie

30,000/- M.Sc.

Geology


watershed

- 75 -

programme

8 David Odyuo 30,000/- MSW

3 Years Experience

in community Development

9 Imtiwala

35,000/-

MBA

2 Years experience in financial

works

Accounting

10

Kevin Solo 25,000/- BA

5 years experience

in computing works

Data Analyst

11 Penrithung 25,000/- BA

5 years experience in computing works

12 Mhabeni 25,000/- MA

3 years experience

in computing works

13 Khriekerheno 15,000/- BA

2 years experience

in computing works

14 Kavili 10,000/- BA

1 year experience

in computing works

- 76 -

State level Monitoring/Evaluation Cell

The department of Land Resources Development is the State Level Nodal Agency

(SLNA) for the implementation of IWDP/IWMP projects in the state of Nagaland. The Chief

Executive Officer (CEO) shall be the overall in charge for monitoring of IWMP projects in the

state and he shall be assisted by a team of experts specialized in different subjects. The

evaluation of Midterm and Post project evaluation shall be done by empanelled

agencies/institutions appointed/approved by the SLNA and ministry, Government of India,

department of Land Resources.

District Level Watershed Units

The institutional arrangements for implementation of IWMP projects in the district is

composed of:

a) 1 District Project Officer – Project Manager (Regular)

b) 1 Assistant Inspector – Subject Matter Specialist (Regular)

c) 5 WDT – Subject Matter Specialist (Regular)

d) 1 Lower Divisional Assistant – Ministerial Staff (Regular)

e) 2 Lower Divisional Clerk - Ministerial Staff (Contingency)

f) 1 Peon (work charge)

g) 1 Chowkidar (work charge)

h) Watershed Secretary/Chairman in each Micro-Watershed Villages.

i) Representatives:

1. District Agriculture Officer Member

2. District Soil & Water Conservation Officer Member

3. District Horticulture Officer

Member

4. Divisional Forest Officer Member

- 77 -

Table-DPSP 30: Details of functionaries in the DWDU/ DRDA Watershed Cell

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S. No.

Name of the District

Name of the

executing Agency

Status of

Chairman

Date of signing of MoU with

SLNA

Total no. of

persons

working for

IWMP

Monthly emolument

s of all persons

working for IWMP

Details of the three personnel engaged in the Watershed Cell funded by DoLR

Name and Designation

Monthly Remuneratio

n

Date of Appoint-

ment

Nature of

appoint-ment


Contact Ph. No./ Fax/

e-mail

Qualifi-cation

Experience Role

1

DIMAPUR

Dep

art

men

t

Of

Lan

d R

eso

urc

es

D

IST

RIC

T P

RO

JE

CT

OF

FIC

ER

(C

lass

-I O

ffic

er)

06/07/2009

3 42500 Aoyanger, Technical expert

25000

1/3/2010

Contract Till the completion of the project.

M.Sc. (G&RM)

7 years in watershed programme

SMS

Temsuyanger 10000 -do- -do- B. Com. 3 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Benjamin Merry

7500 B.A. Diploma

in Computer

2 years in computing

work

Data Entry Operator

2 KIPHIRE 3 42500 T. Alben Awomi, Technical Expert

25000 Contract Till the completion of the project.

M.Sc. Agri 4 years in watershed programme

SMS

Alebu Solo 10000 -do- -do-

M.A. Diploma

in Computer

2 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Avise Sangtam

7500

B.A. LLB 1 years in computing

work

Data Entry Operator

3 KOHIMA 3 42500 Agnes Phewhuo, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Anthro.


SMS

Seyievilie Mecülho

10000 -do- -do- M.Sc. Geology

Accountant

Flora 7500 M.Sc. 2 years in Data Entry

- 78 -

Vimethale

1/3/2010

Botany computing work

Operator

4 LONGLENG 3 42500 Meyatoshi, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Agri.


SMS

C. Chingmei Phom

10000 -do- -do- B.A. Diploma

in Computer


works

Accountant

S.Lirenthung Jami

7500 B.A. 3 years in computing

work

Data Entry Operator

5

MOKOKCHUNG

3 42500 Yarmenla, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Agri.


Watinungla Aier

10000 -do- -do- B.A. Diploma

in Computer


works

Accountant

Toshiyanger 7500 B.A. Diploma

in Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

6 TUENSANG 3 42500 Talirenba Sangtam, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Agri.


SMS

Vikiyeto Noel 10000 -do- -do- M.Sc 2 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Athriti Sangtam

7500 B.A. Diploma

in Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

7 WOKHA 3 42500 Zubemo Kikon, Technical Expert

25000


M.Sc. Anthro.


SMS

- 79 -

A.Zuchobemo Ngullie

10000

1/3/2010

-do- -do-

B.A. Diploma

in Computer


works

Accountant

Jonathan Ovung

7500

B.A. Diploma

in Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

8 ZUNHEBOTO 3 42500 Khenito, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Anthro.


SMS

Tolika

10000 -do- -do- M.A. 1 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Yekali I. Achumi

7500 M.A. Socio

Diploma in

Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

9 PEREN 3 42500 Mhonchumo Odyuo, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Agri 4 years in watershed programme

SMS

Keneiluonuo 10000 -do- -do- B.Sc. Agri.


works

Accountant

Achumo Ngullie

7500 B.A. Diploma

in Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

10 MON 3 42500 Thunglamo Jami, Technical Expert

25000


M.Sc. (G & RM)


SMS

Hongba Konyak

10000 -do- -do- B.A. 3 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Lucy 7500 B.A Diploma

in Computer


work

Data Entry Operator

- 80 -

11 PHEK 3 42500 Besukho Swuro, Technical Expert


M.Sc. Botany


SMS

Juliana Solo 10000 -do- -do- B.A 3 years in accounting

works

Accountant

Kedihoto Puro

7500 B.A 1 years in computing

work

Data Entry Operator

- 81 -

PIA

The Govt. of Nagaland has appointed SLNA for implementation of IWMP and for

which the Land Resources Department is selected as the PIA for implementation of

IWMP for the state of Nagaland. The parameters taken into consideration were based on

achievement and reputation of the PIA in the state. The department of Land Resources

(LRD) was the nodal PIA for IWDP Projects for the last 14 years for the state of

Nagaland. The department had successfully implemented all the projects in the state

with outstanding results. The PIA has a strong dedicated multidisciplinary team of

experts with vast experience in the field of project implementation and management of

watershed programme. The PIA has penetrated down to the grassroots level, with a

major project benefits going directly to farmers across most villages in Nagaland. It has

been serving as a catalyst for the government of Nagaland, encouraging and spreading

new ideas in developing and improving land use system which ensure food security,

enhance cash returns, generate new employment opportunities, and conserve the rich

biodiversity of Nagaland.

WDT

The process of selection of WDT Members is through Departmental interview

and screening based on requisite qualification and experiences which fulfills the criteria

as a Subject Matter Specialist prescribed by the watershed guidelines issued by the

Govt. of India.

Institutional arrangements at village level and people’s participation

In all the micro-watershed villages, a committee known as Watershed

Committee shall be formed with a Chairman and Secretary assisted by executive

members selected through consensus involving the village council and other eminent

individuals and women members of SHGs of the village. One of the WDT members will

be an ex-officio member of the Watershed committee. The WDT Members will identify

the likeminded and homogeneous group in the watershed village and form Self Help

Group and Users Group. While forming SHGs preferences shall be given to the

womenfolk or poorer section of the people in the village. The formation of SHGs and

User Groups (UGs) is an integral part of the programme and are directly responsible to

the Watershed committee.

- 82 -

Chapter 10

Capacity building

a) Stake holders and capacity building requirements

Sl. No.

Project Stakeholder

Critical capacity gaps

1

Target community Sensitization on concept and importance of watershed approach as a development unit.

2 GPs Training on watershed development. Delineation of watershed areas and PRA exercise, monitoring, evaluation and social audit.

3 Watershed Committees

Planning on yearly calendar of activities, assessment of needs in the watershed areas, monitoring of day to day in watershed projects and book keeping.

4 SHGs Records maintenance, bank linkage, up gradation of skill for enhancing productivity.

5 UGs Importance of soil & water conservation, afforestation, horticultural crops, records maintenance on common property resources.

6 WDTs GIS mapping, Remote sensing, community organization, planning and implementation of watershed programme.

7 PIAs Planning and implementation of watershed programme. Audit and accounts, monitoring, MIS, online reporting to SLNA and CLNA.

8 DRDA/ZP cell

9 SLNA Policy and sanctioning of projects.

i. Strategies for capacity building

The SLNA shall plan out Action Plan and policy for watershed development in

the state. The strategy taken up by the SLNA for capacity building is to identify

national and state institutions where PIAs and all functionaries of the watershed

project will be sensitized and trained. A calendar of training module shall be

framed and conducted by involving the following institutions.

i. NIRD, Guwahati, ii. NESAC, Shillong iii. ATI, Kohima, iv. SIRD, Kohima, v.

SASRD, vi. ICAR, etc.

ii. Capacity building programme to be taken up

a. PRA exercise- Watershed development is a bottom up planning

process. Before watershed project starts the farmers shall be

involved in watershed plan process. Orientation training and capacity

building for PRA exercise shall be imparted to PIAs, WDT members,

WC and Users Group.

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b. Training on survey and watershed mapping: WDT members and

PIAs shall be provided training on application of scientific tools like

GPS and GIS

c. Training for SHG: Concept and activities of SHG shall be imparted to

each member. Micro financing and loan system and introducing them

to financial institution shall be done through the capacity building

process.

iii. Training manuals developed for training programme and field training

proposed

SLNA and DWDU shall bring out training manuals for every items of watershed

development. All the functionaries of watershed projects shall be imparted training

as per the training manuals brought out by the SLNA.

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Table-DPSP 31: List of Training Institutes identified for Capacity Building at State level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No.

Name of the Training Institute

Full Address with contact no., website & e-mail

Name & Designation of the Head of Institute

Type of Institute

Area(s) of specialization

Accreditation details

1 NIRD, Guwahati

NIRD, Guwahati, Khanapura Ph:No. 09435019953 www.nird.org.in

N. Upadhya, Director

National Training Centre

Watershed & Rural Development

National level

2 NESAC, Shillong

NESAC, Department of Space, GOI, Umiam-793103 (Meghalaya) Telephone: +91 364 2570140/141 Fax: +91 364 2570139 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Website: http://nesac.gov.in

Dr PP Nageswar Rao, Director

National Training Centre

Remote Sensing and GIS

National level

3 ATI, Kohima

Administrative Training Institute Kimho, Kohima Nagaland - 797003. EPABX 0370-2280068 (O) Fax: 0370 - 2280067

Shri. Mhathung Kithan, IAS Director I/C

State Training Centre

Capacity Building State level

4 SIRD, Kohima

SIRD, Kohima, Nagaland e-Mail: [email protected].

Limasenla Jamir, Director

State Training Centre

Rural Development State level

5

School of Agriculture Sciences And Rural Development, NU, Medziphema

SASRD Medziphema, Nagaland.

Prof. Imna Yongdang, Dean

Central Govt. Agriculture/ Horticulture and Rural Development.

State level

mailto:[email protected]

http://nesac.gov.in/

- 85 -

Information, Education & Communication (IEC) Activities

All the necessary information like temperature, rainfall, soil type will be

communicated from micro-watershed level to DWDU/PIA to SLNA and from

SLNA to NRAA through website. SLNA shall have a separate office of its own

and it shall have a fund provision for information, education and communication.

All the IT equipments will be provided to SLNA and PIA/DWDU with the help of

NRAA. Hard copies of any reports and information shall be supplied to the

concerned authority through speed post.

Table: DPSP 32: Details of IEC activities 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sl. No.

State Activity Executing

agency

Estimated expenditure for XI Plan

period (Rs. in lakh)

Expected Outcome (may quantify, wherever possible)

1.

Nagaland

Infrastructure development

SLNA 75.00

i. 30 sets of computers with printers. ii. 13 sets of Xerox machines. iii. 14 sets of Fax machines. iv. 13 sets of video & digital cameras. v. 13 sets of GPS. vi. 13 sets of external hard discs.

2. Training SLNA 30.00

Skill enhancement of field staff with the latest IT, GIS, Remote sensing and community organization.

3. Exposure trip SLNA 35.00 Trip to renowned institutes, centres and project areas for firsthand experience.

4. Documentation & Translation

SLNA 40.00

Documentation of best indigenous practices and success stories. Translation of scientific methods and practices of watershed programme into local dialects.

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Chapter 11

Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E)

a) Performance monitoring of projects: National level monitors will be

appointed by the ministry of Rural Development whereas State Level

monitors will be appointed by SLNA.

b) Institutional performance monitoring: Monitoring on Institutional

performance will be carried out from time to time with the monitors

appointed by SLNA.

c) Internal learning: Through monitoring and evaluation the activities of

SLNA, DWDU and PIAs will be monitored and corrective measures

will be taken up.

d) Evaluation: SLNA will prepare a panel of evaluators with the approval

of ministry of Rural Development. They will evaluate the performance

in the watershed projects in different stages.

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Table-SPSP 33: List of Institutes identified for M & E at State level

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No.

Name of the Training Institute

Full Address with contact no., website & e-mail

Name & Designation of the Head of Institute

Type of Institute

Area(s) of specialization

Accreditation details

1 NIRD,

Guwahati

NIRD, Guwahati, Khanapura Ph:No. 09435019953

www.nird.org.in N. Upadhya, Director Central Govt.

Agriculture & Rural Development

National level

2 NERIWALM,

Tezpur, Assam

NERIWALM, Dolabari, Tezpur P.O. Kaliabhomora District: Sonitpur

State: Assam: India PIN: 784 027

Phone: (03712) 268085, 268007, 268077

Fax: (03712) 268107 Mobile : 9435081987

e-mail: scpatra1955@yahoo. com

Prof. S. C. Patra, Director

Central Govt. Agriculture & Water

Resources National level

3

Agriculture Finance

Corporation, Guwahati.

AFC Guwahati branch R G Barua Road (5th Bye Lane)

Guwahati - 781 003 Assam

Tel:0361-2457874(D) 0361-2454057

Fax:0361-2545822 Gram:AFCONEST

E-mail:[email protected]

Shri. B.R.Syiemlieh, Manager & Incharge

Autonomous Body

Agriculture & Marketing, Rural

Development National level

4 B. S.

Consultant, Guwahati.

B. S. Consultant I.B.T College Road (E) Lachit Nagar, Guwahati

Assam-781007

- Autonomous

Body

Agriculture & Marketing, Rural

Development National level

mailto:E-mail:[email protected]

- 88 -

Chapter 12

Expected outcomes

IWMP is a poverty alleviation programme. With the implementation

of the IWMP the various outcomes expected are:

1. Increase in productivity of the land 2. Generate employment opportunities 3. Raise rural incomes and living standard 4. Reduction in migration from rural areas to urban areas 5. Increase in water table in the area 6. Restore ecological balance and overall environmental improvement. 7. Change in system of cultivation from shifting to permanent cultivation.

Table-DPSP 34: Expected/Estimated Outcomes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S. No.

Name of the

District Item

Unit of measurement

Pre-project Status

Expected Post-project Status

Remarks

1

Nagaland

Status of water table - -

Ground water structures repaired/ rejuvenated

No. of unit NIL

Rivers and streams will be recharged

through water conservation

measures like water harvesting structures,

afforestation.

Quality of drinking water

mg/L Unhygienic and contaminated

Potable

Availability of drinking water

Liters Rainwater, Community

ponds 30% increase

Increase in irrigation potential

Hectares Rainfed irrigation. Minor

Change in cropping/ land use pattern

Traditional & Subsistence

Double and multiple cropping.

Area under agricultural crop

i Area under single crop

Hectares 153372.14 20% increase

ii Area under double crop


iii Area under multiple crop


Net increase in crop production area

Hectares 86484.45 30%increase

Increase in area under vegetation


Increase in area under horticulture


Increase in area under fuel & fodder

Hectares - Increase by 30%

2

Increase in milk production

Liters - Increase by 20% Cannot be quantified.

No. of SHGs No. 1336 3542

Increase in no. of livelihoods

No. Jhumming

Permanent cultivation, animal husbandry, horticulture,

fishery, apiculture, weaving, handicrafts, etc.

Increase in income Rupees Rs. 30/- per day Rs. 100/- per day

Migration Percentage 7.7 3

SHG Federations formed

No. - 11 One SHGs Federation

in each district.

Credit linkage with banks

No. - 15

SBI, Rural Bank of Nagaland, Nagaland

state Cooperative Bank, Bank of Baroda,

etc.

Resource use agreements

-

-

-

Agreement with user groups for

management and maintenance of the resources created.

WDF collection & management

Rupees - - Watershed Committee will monitor and manage the fund.

Summary of lessons learnt

● Bottom-up approach in planning process is found to be effective. ● Watershed as a development unit is found to be more focused as it has a common outlet to easily assess or compute the sediment and water loss. ● Promotion of women SHGs and their representation in the water shed committee has given the women a platform in the decision making and also enhancing their income through livelihood activities. ● Change in the mindset of people from the practice of jhum cultivation to permanent cultivation. ● Conservation measures of soil, moisture and water helped in reducing the problem of soil erosion and recharge of ground water table. ● Reversal in migration from rural to urban. ● Watershed programme resulted in increase of green cover, soil moisture and thereby improving the eco-system.

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Documents

STATE PERSPECTIVE AND STRATEGIC PLAN (SPSP) OF NAGALAND · Nagaland, being one of the “eight Sisters” commonly called as the North-Eastern Region including Sikkim*, is a land