State Plane Coordinate SystemActually, more than 100 systems, and two versions, one for NAD27, one for NAD83

State Plane Most used projection among surveyors, particularly in states without a designated county system network (all states except Wisconsin and Minnesota

Limits distortion to 1:10,000

Multiple zones per most states

Long states N-S us a Transverse Mercator

Long states E-W use a Lambert Conformal Conic

standard parallels

central meridian

State Plane Based on Transverse Mercator or on Lambert Conformal Conic

State Plane Zones, Units Different For NAD27, NAD83

Lambert CC State Plane Configuration

Calculations, from Lat/lon to N, E Lambert Conformal Conic version

Parameters: • Ellipsoid a, f (set by statute to GRS80 for NAD83) • Eo, Nb, the false easting and northing (or Ef, Nf) • Grid origin, fo, lo

• Northern and Southern Standard Parallels, fN, fS

Calculations, from Lat/lon to N, E

As usually, need to calculate a bunch of constants

More constantsCalculations, from Lat/lon to N, E

More constantsCalculations, from Lat/lon to N, E

Finally, we can calculate E, N for a point P

This forward set of calculations, or a variant, in all coordinate conversion software

Inverse Calculation, from SPSC to Lat/Lon

Longitude is “easy”

Inverse Calculation, from SPSC to Lat/Lon

but t depends on F, which depends on T( fc)

fi

fc

fc

Inverse Calculation, from SPSC to Lat/Lon

but t depends on F, which depends on T( fc)

fi

fc

fc

Start with fc = ficalculate fP, iterate to convergence

Minnesota  Projections  -­‐  State  Planehttp://www.dot.state.mn.us/surveying/toolstech/mapproj.html

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All Three State Plane Zones, Minnesota

origins

origin

Standard Parallels

SPCS - South Zone

Central Meridian

origin

Standard Parallels

SPCS - Central Zone

Central Meridian

origin

Standard Parallels

SPCS - North Zone

Central Meridian

State Plane Coordinates from GPS/GNSS

Fully supported in most softwares, Trimble export

State Plane Coordinates - Survey Data

There is a scale difference between surface measure and ellipsoid measure

There is a scale difference between surface measure and projection measure

There is an angle difference between grid north and geographic north

On the Earth Surface, Relative to Geographic North

NGS Data Sheet

ArcGIS Project, All Versions of State Plane Supported

ArcGIS Project, Navigate to Target Zone

ArcGIS Project, What is this US Feet, International Feet?

All NAD27 State Plane systems were in U.S. survey feet

Conversion is 0.30480060960122 ft to 1 meters

Except for surveying and mapping, by 1959 the rest of U.S. measures had switched in to the international foot,

0.3048 feet to 1 meter

Seventeen of 50 States adopted NAD83 State Plane systems use units of meters (Minnesota among them)

Six States adopted U.S. Survey Feet,

Eleven adopted International Feet

If you convert old survey data forward, in most instances you want to use the U.S. Survey foot conversion (including Minnesota)

Minnesota County Coordinates

Like State Plane, based on TM, LCC, but also on a Oblique Mercator (tilted cylinder)

Standard Parallels

originCentral Meridian