39
Corridor System Management Plan August 2010 State Route 91

State Route 91 - Caltrans - California Department of ... 91/D… · State Route 91 (Orange County ) ... Ryan Chamberlain, ... This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stake holders

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9Corridor System

Management Plan August 2010

State Route 91

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Corridor System Management Plan State Route 91 (Orange County )

Executive Summary

Caltrans District 12

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n i

State Route 91

Corridor System Managet11e11t Pla11

APPRJVED BY

Approval Recommended by

()7_ ~ v (__ ~

Ryan Chamberlain Distnct 12 Deputy D1stnct Director Transportation Planning and local Assistance

James Pinrleiro District 12 Deputy Distnct Director Operations and Maintenance

II-~ -Cft(b Date

t ztk6 Date

ii STATE ROUTE 91 corridor system management plan

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Exhibits iv INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 2 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 3 CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 4 Corridor Description 4 Corridor Performance Assessment 6

Mobility 6 Reliability 11

Safety 14 Productivity 16

BOTTLENECK IDENTIFICATION AND CAUSALITY ANALYSIS 19 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS 21 Traffic Model Development 21 Scenario Development Framework 23 Scenario Evaluation Results 25 Benefit-Cost Analysis 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iii

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid 2 Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-99CSMP Corridor Map 5 Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2002-2009) 7 Exhibit ES-4 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009) 9 Exhibit ES-5 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2002 to 2009) 9 Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 16 Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-16 HOV Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality 19 Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-19 Map of Major SR-91 PM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network 22 Exhibit ES-21 Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach 24 Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30 Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results 31 Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart 33

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iv

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA ltFEFF005500740069006c0069007a007a006100720065002000710075006500730074006500200069006d0070006f007300740061007a0069006f006e00690020007000650072002000630072006500610072006500200064006f00630075006d0065006e00740069002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200070006900f900200061006400610074007400690020006100200075006e00610020007000720065007300740061006d0070006100200064006900200061006c007400610020007100750061006c0069007400e0002e0020004900200064006f00630075006d0065006e007400690020005000440046002000630072006500610074006900200070006f00730073006f006e006f0020006500730073006500720065002000610070006500720074006900200063006f006e0020004100630072006f00620061007400200065002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065002000760065007200730069006f006e006900200073007500630063006500730073006900760065002egt13 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS ltFEFF04180441043f043e043b044c04370443043904420435002004340430043d043d044b04350020043d0430044104420440043e0439043a043800200434043b044f00200441043e043704340430043d0438044f00200434043e043a0443043c0435043d0442043e0432002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020043c0430043a04410438043c0430043b044c043d043e0020043f043e04340445043e0434044f04490438044500200434043b044f00200432044b0441043e043a043e043a0430044704350441044204320435043d043d043e0433043e00200434043e043f0435044704300442043d043e0433043e00200432044b0432043e04340430002e002000200421043e043704340430043d043d044b04350020005000440046002d0434043e043a0443043c0435043d0442044b0020043c043e0436043d043e0020043e0442043a0440044b043204300442044c002004410020043f043e043c043e0449044c044e0020004100630072006f00620061007400200438002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020043800200431043e043b043504350020043f043e04370434043d043804450020043204350440044104380439002egt13 SKY ltFEFF0054006900650074006f0020006e006100730074006100760065006e0069006100200070006f0075017e0069007400650020006e00610020007600790074007600e100720061006e0069006500200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074006f0076002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020006b0074006f007200e90020007300610020006e0061006a006c0065007001610069006500200068006f0064006900610020006e00610020006b00760061006c00690074006e00fa00200074006c0061010d00200061002000700072006500700072006500730073002e00200056007900740076006f00720065006e00e900200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400790020005000440046002000620075006400650020006d006f017e006e00e90020006f00740076006f00720069016500200076002000700072006f006700720061006d006f006300680020004100630072006f00620061007400200061002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000610020006e006f0076016100ed00630068002egt13 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Corridor System Management Plan State Route 91 (Orange County )

Executive Summary

Caltrans District 12

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n i

State Route 91

Corridor System Managet11e11t Pla11

APPRJVED BY

Approval Recommended by

()7_ ~ v (__ ~

Ryan Chamberlain Distnct 12 Deputy D1stnct Director Transportation Planning and local Assistance

James Pinrleiro District 12 Deputy Distnct Director Operations and Maintenance

II-~ -Cft(b Date

t ztk6 Date

ii STATE ROUTE 91 corridor system management plan

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Exhibits iv INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 2 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 3 CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 4 Corridor Description 4 Corridor Performance Assessment 6

Mobility 6 Reliability 11

Safety 14 Productivity 16

BOTTLENECK IDENTIFICATION AND CAUSALITY ANALYSIS 19 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS 21 Traffic Model Development 21 Scenario Development Framework 23 Scenario Evaluation Results 25 Benefit-Cost Analysis 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iii

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid 2 Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-99CSMP Corridor Map 5 Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2002-2009) 7 Exhibit ES-4 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009) 9 Exhibit ES-5 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2002 to 2009) 9 Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 16 Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-16 HOV Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality 19 Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-19 Map of Major SR-91 PM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network 22 Exhibit ES-21 Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach 24 Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30 Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results 31 Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart 33

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iv

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 15000013 EncodeMonoImages true13 MonoImageFilter CCITTFaxEncode13 MonoImageDict ltlt13 K -113 gtgt13 AllowPSXObjects false13 CheckCompliance [13 None13 ]13 PDFX1aCheck false13 PDFX3Check false13 PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false13 PDFXNoTrimBoxError true13 PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true13 PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()13 PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()13 PDFXOutputCondition ()13 PDFXRegistryName ()13 PDFXTrapped False1313 CreateJDFFile false13 Description ltlt13 ARA 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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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State Route 91

Corridor System Managet11e11t Pla11

APPRJVED BY

Approval Recommended by

()7_ ~ v (__ ~

Ryan Chamberlain Distnct 12 Deputy D1stnct Director Transportation Planning and local Assistance

James Pinrleiro District 12 Deputy Distnct Director Operations and Maintenance

II-~ -Cft(b Date

t ztk6 Date

ii STATE ROUTE 91 corridor system management plan

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Exhibits iv INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 2 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 3 CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 4 Corridor Description 4 Corridor Performance Assessment 6

Mobility 6 Reliability 11

Safety 14 Productivity 16

BOTTLENECK IDENTIFICATION AND CAUSALITY ANALYSIS 19 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS 21 Traffic Model Development 21 Scenario Development Framework 23 Scenario Evaluation Results 25 Benefit-Cost Analysis 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iii

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid 2 Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-99CSMP Corridor Map 5 Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2002-2009) 7 Exhibit ES-4 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009) 9 Exhibit ES-5 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2002 to 2009) 9 Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 16 Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-16 HOV Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality 19 Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-19 Map of Major SR-91 PM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network 22 Exhibit ES-21 Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach 24 Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30 Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results 31 Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart 33

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iv

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Exhibits iv INTRODUCTION 1 BACKGROUND 2 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 3 CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 4 Corridor Description 4 Corridor Performance Assessment 6

Mobility 6 Reliability 11

Safety 14 Productivity 16

BOTTLENECK IDENTIFICATION AND CAUSALITY ANALYSIS 19 SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS 21 Traffic Model Development 21 Scenario Development Framework 23 Scenario Evaluation Results 25 Benefit-Cost Analysis 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 32

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iii

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid 2 Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-99CSMP Corridor Map 5 Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2002-2009) 7 Exhibit ES-4 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009) 9 Exhibit ES-5 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2002 to 2009) 9 Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 16 Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-16 HOV Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality 19 Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-19 Map of Major SR-91 PM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network 22 Exhibit ES-21 Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach 24 Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30 Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results 31 Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart 33

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iv

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid 2 Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-99CSMP Corridor Map 5 Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2002-2009) 7 Exhibit ES-4 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009) 9 Exhibit ES-5 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2002 to 2009) 9 Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009) 10 Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 12 Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Travel Time Variation (2007) 13 Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008) 15 Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 16 Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-16 HOV Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009) 18 Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality 19 Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-19 Map of Major SR-91 PM Existing Bottlenecks 20 Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network 22 Exhibit ES-21 Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach 24 Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) 29 Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020) 30 Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results 31 Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart 33

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n iv

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB ltFEFF05D405E905EA05DE05E905D5002005D105D405D205D305E805D505EA002005D005DC05D4002005DB05D305D9002005DC05D905E605D505E8002005DE05E105DE05DB05D9002000410064006F006200650020005000440046002005D405DE05D505EA05D005DE05D905DD002005DC05D405D305E405E105EA002005E705D305DD002D05D305E405D505E1002005D005D905DB05D505EA05D905EA002E002005DE05E105DE05DB05D90020005000440046002005E905E005D505E605E805D5002005E005D905EA05E005D905DD002005DC05E405EA05D905D705D4002005D105D005DE05E605E205D505EA0020004100630072006F006200610074002005D5002D00410064006F00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002E0030002005D505D205E805E105D005D505EA002005DE05EA05E705D305DE05D505EA002005D905D505EA05E8002E05D005DE05D905DD002005DC002D005000440046002F0058002D0033002C002005E205D905D905E005D5002005D105DE05D305E805D905DA002005DC05DE05E905EA05DE05E9002005E905DC0020004100630072006F006200610074002E002005DE05E105DE05DB05D90020005000440046002005E905E005D505E605E805D5002005E005D905EA05E005D905DD002005DC05E405EA05D905D705D4002005D105D005DE05E605E205D505EA0020004100630072006F006200610074002005D5002D00410064006F00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002E0030002005D505D205E805E105D005D505EA002005DE05EA05E705D305DE05D505EA002005D905D505EA05E8002Egt13 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

1 Introduction

This document contains the Executive Summary for

the Orange County State Route 91 (SR-91) Corridor

System Management Plan (CSMP) Final Report deshy

veloped on behalf of the California Department of

Transportation (Caltrans) by System Metrics Group

Inc (SMG) A more detailed technical CSMP is

available upon request

This CSMP is the direct result of the November 2006

voter-approved Proposition 1B (The Highway Safety

Traffic Reduction Air Quality and Port Security

Bond Act of 2006) This ballot measure included a

funding program deposited into a Corridor Mobility

Improvement Account (CMIA) There are two CMIA

funded projects on the SR-91 corridor

Add an eastbound auxiliary lane from SR-241 to SR-71 in Orange and Riverside Counties This project is expected to be delivered in December 2010 at a total cost of $94 million of which $82 million are CMIA funds

Add a one general purpose lane on eastbound SR-91 from the SR-55SR-91 connector to east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange and on westbound SR-91 from just east of the Weir Canyon Road interchange to the Imperial Highshyway (SR-90) interchange This project is anticishypated to be delivered in February 2012 at a total cost of $96 million of which $22 million are CMIA funds

To receive CMIA funds the California Transportation

Commission (CTC) guidelines require that project

nominations describe in a CSMP how mobility gains

from funded corridor improvements would be mainshy

tained over time A CSMP therefore aims to define

how corridors will be managed focusing on operashy

tional strategies in addition to the already funded

expansion projects The goal is to get the most out

of the existing system and maintain or improve corrishy

dor performance

This Executive Summary and the full technical

CSMP represent the results of the study which inshy

cluded several key steps

Stakeholder Involvement

Corridor Performance Assessment

Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis

Scenario Development and Analysis

Conclusions and Recommendations

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 1

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR ltFEFF005900fc006b00730065006b0020006b0061006c006900740065006c0069002000f6006e002000790061007a006401310072006d00610020006200610073006b013100730131006e006100200065006e0020006900790069002000750079006100620069006c006500630065006b002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002000620065006c00670065006c0065007200690020006f006c0075015f007400750072006d0061006b0020006900e70069006e00200062007500200061007900610072006c0061007201310020006b0075006c006c0061006e0131006e002e00200020004f006c0075015f0074007500720075006c0061006e0020005000440046002000620065006c00670065006c0065007200690020004100630072006f006200610074002000760065002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200076006500200073006f006e0072006100730131006e00640061006b00690020007300fc007200fc006d006c00650072006c00650020006100e70131006c006100620069006c00690072002egt13 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

2 Background Orange Countyrsquos transportation system faces numershy

ous challenges ndash the demand for transportation keeps

rising congestion is increasing and infrastructure is

aging At the same time traditional transportation

finance mechanisms are not able to provide adequate

funding to continue expanding the infrastructure and

keep up with demand Caltrans recognized that infrashy

structure expansion cannot keep pace with demand

and adopted a system management philosophy to

address current and future transportation needs in a

comprehensive manner

Exhibit ES-1 illustrates the concept of system manshy

agement as a pyramid The exhibit shows that transshy

portation decision makers and practitioners at all jurisshy

dictions must expand their ldquotool boxrdquo to include many

complementary strategies including smart land use

demand management and an increased focus on

operational investments (shown in the middle part of

the pyramid) to complement the traditional system

expansion investments All of these strategies build

on a strong foundation of system monitoring and

evaluation

This CSMP aims to define how Caltrans and its stakeshy

holders will manage the SR-91 corridor over time

Exhibit ES-1 System Management Pyramid

focusing on operational strategies in addition to alshy

ready funded expansion projects The CSMP fully

respects previous decisions (including land use pricshy

ing and demand management) and complements

them with additional promising investment suggesshy

tions where appropriate The CSMP development

effort relies on complex analytical tools including mishy

cro-simulation models to isolate deficiencies and

quantify improvements for even relatively small operashy

tional investments

The CSMP study team developed a calibrated 2007

Base Year model for the SR-91 corridor This model

was calibrated using California and Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) guidelines Following apshy

proval of a 2007 Base Year model the study team

developed a 2020 Horizon Year model to test the imshy

pacts of short-term programmed projects as well as

future operational improvements Caltrans and the

study team agreed to 2020 as the Horizon Year since

micro-simulation modeling captures operational

strategies but is typically suited for the short- to meshy

dium-term forecasting Note that latent demand over

and beyond the OCTA forecast demand was not acshy

counted for in the analysis

Caltrans develops integrated multimodal projects in

balance with community goals plans and values

Caltrans seeks to address the safety and mobility

needs of bicyclists pedestrians and transit users in

all projects regardless of funding Bicycle pedesshy

trian and transit travel is facilitated by creating

complete streets beginning early in system planning

and continuing through project delivery maintenance

and operations Developing a network of complete

streets requires collaboration among all Caltrans funcshy

tional units and stakeholders As the first-generation

CSMP this report focuses more on reducing congesshy

tion and increasing mobility through capital and opshy

erational strategies Future CSMP work will further

address pedestrian bicycle and transit components

and seek to manage and improve the whole network

as an interactive system

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 2

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO ltFEFF004b00e40079007400e40020006e00e40069007400e4002000610073006500740075006b007300690061002c0020006b0075006e0020006c0075006f00740020006c00e400680069006e006e00e4002000760061006100740069007600610061006e0020007000610069006e006100740075006b00730065006e002000760061006c006d0069007300740065006c00750074007900f6006800f6006e00200073006f00700069007600690061002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400740065006a0061002e0020004c0075006f0064007500740020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740069007400200076006f0069006400610061006e0020006100760061007400610020004100630072006f0062006100740069006c006c00610020006a0061002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030003a006c006c00610020006a006100200075007500640065006d006d0069006c006c0061002egt13 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

3 Stakeholder Involvement

The SR-91 CSMP involved corridor stakeholders

including representatives from cities bordering SRshy

91 the Orange County Transportation Authority

(OCTA) and the Southern California Association of

Governments (SCAG) Caltrans briefed these stakeshy

holders at critical milestones Feedback from the

stakeholders helped solidify the findings of the pershy

formance assessment bottleneck identification and

causality analysis given their intimate knowledge of

local conditions Moreover corridor stakeholders

have provided support and insight and shared valushy

able field and project data without which this study

would not have been possible The stakeholders

included representatives from the following organizashy

tions

Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA)

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)

City of Anaheim

City of Buena Park

City of Fullerton

City of La Palma

City of Placentia

City of Yorba Linda

Caltrans would like to thank all of its partners for

contributing to this CSMP development process In

addition the CSMP development provided a venue

for tighter coordination between Caltrans planning

and operations professionals which is critical to the

success of the system management approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 3

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV ltFEFF005400650020006e006100730074006100760069007400760065002000750070006f0072006100620069007400650020007a00610020007500730074007600610072006a0061006e006a006500200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074006f0076002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020006b006900200073006f0020006e0061006a007000720069006d00650072006e0065006a016100690020007a00610020006b0061006b006f0076006f00730074006e006f0020007400690073006b0061006e006a00650020007300200070007200690070007200610076006f0020006e00610020007400690073006b002e00200020005500730074007600610072006a0065006e006500200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074006500200050004400460020006a00650020006d006f0067006f010d00650020006f0064007000720065007400690020007a0020004100630072006f00620061007400200069006e002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200069006e0020006e006f00760065006a01610069006d002egt13 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

4 Corridor Performance Assessment SR-91 runs through Los Angeles Orange and Rivshy

erside Counties This section describes the subset

of SR-91 covered in the Orange County SR-91

CSMP Corridor and summarizes results from the

comprehensive corridor performance assessment

CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION

Named the Riverside Freeway SR-91 links the

ldquoInland Empirerdquo communities in Riverside and San

Bernardino Counties to Orange and Los Angeles

Counties In Orange County SR-91 runs from the

Los Angeles County line to the Riverside County

line As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the Orange County

SR-91 CSMP Corridor covers a smaller area The

CSMP corridor extends approximately 19 miles as

an east-west route from I-5 in Buena Park at postshy

mile R36 to the OrangeRiverside County Line at

postmile R189

As shown in Exhibit ES-2 the SR-91 CSMP Corridor

passes through Anaheim Fullerton Placentia and

Yorba Linda and includes four major freeway-toshy

freeway interchanges I-5 SR-57 SR-55 and the

SR-241 Eastern Transportation Corridor Toll Road

SR-91 is a six to eight-lane freeway with a concrete

barrier median for most of the study corridor with

auxiliary lanes along some sections High Occushy

pancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are available in the westshy

ern portion of the corridor between I-5 and SR-55 a

distance of just under nine miles The HOV lanes

operate as a 2+ vehicle-occupancy facility 24-hours

every day

A key feature of SR-91 is the 91 Express Lanes ndash a

ten-mile toll facility in the inner two lanes between

SR-55 and the Riverside County Line Opened in

1995 the four-lane facility is the first privately fishy

nanced toll road in the United States in more than 50

years the worlds first fully-automated toll facility

and the first application of value pricing in the United

States Tolls are paid using a transponder from preshy

paid accounts Reduced tolls are available to vehishy

cles with three or more occupants as an incentive

According to Caltrans traffic volumes reported for

2008 the Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor carshy

ries between 217000 and 318000 annual average

daily traffic (AADT) The highest volumes on the

corridor occur between Imperial Highway (SR-90)

and SR-55 The lowest volumes occur between SRshy

57 and SR-55

SR-91 is also a Surface Transportation Assistance

Act (STAA) route that allows large trucks to operate

on the mainline lanes According to 2008 truck volshy

umes from Caltrans trucks comprise 45 to 87 pershy

cent of total daily traffic along the corridor The

heaviest truck volumes occur around SR-57 and

State College Boulevard Truck weigh stations are

located in both the eastbound and westbound direcshy

tions near Weir Canyon and are the only weigh stashy

tions in Orange County

Three major transit operators provide service on or

near SR-91 OCTA Riverside Transit Agency (RTA)

and the Southern California Regional Rail Authority

(SCRRA) ndash commonly known as Metrolink

As the primary bus transit provider in Orange

County OCTA provides fixed-route bus and parashy

transit services throughout Orange County In addishy

tion to several local and express routes that operate

near SR-91 the following routes operate on or dishy

rectly adjacent to SR-91 Routes 794 721

213213A 30 and 38

RTA provides 38 fixed routes and paratransit sershy

vices in western Riverside County Along the SR-91

corridor it offers both weekday and weekend service

on Route 149 between the Cities of Riverside and

Anaheim

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 4

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 CHS ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE ltFEFF005400610074006f0020006e006100730074006100760065006e00ed00200070006f0075017e0069006a007400650020006b0020007600790074007600e101590065006e00ed00200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074016f002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020006b00740065007200e90020007300650020006e0065006a006c00e90070006500200068006f006400ed002000700072006f0020006b00760061006c00690074006e00ed0020007400690073006b00200061002000700072006500700072006500730073002e002000200056007900740076006f01590065006e00e900200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400790020005000440046002000620075006400650020006d006f017e006e00e90020006f007400650076015900ed007400200076002000700072006f006700720061006d0065006300680020004100630072006f00620061007400200061002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000610020006e006f0076011b006a016100ed00630068002egt13 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

~ l

Los Angeles County

Garden Grove

San Bernardino County

Orange County

State Route 91 Corridor System Management Plan Transportation Network

-- StudyArea

-- Main Arterial Roads

= Amtrak

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-2 Orange County SR-91 CSMP Corridor Map

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 5

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE ltFEFF03a703c103b703c303b903bc03bf03c003bf03b903ae03c303c403b5002003b103c503c403ad03c2002003c403b903c2002003c103c503b803bc03af03c303b503b903c2002003b303b903b1002003bd03b1002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503c403b5002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002003c003bf03c5002003b503af03bd03b103b9002003ba03b103c42019002003b503be03bf03c703ae03bd002003ba03b103c403ac03bb03bb03b703bb03b1002003b303b903b1002003c003c103bf002d03b503ba03c403c503c003c903c403b903ba03ad03c2002003b503c103b303b103c303af03b503c2002003c503c803b703bb03ae03c2002003c003bf03b903cc03c403b703c403b103c2002e0020002003a403b10020005000440046002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002003c003bf03c5002003ad03c703b503c403b5002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503b9002003bc03c003bf03c103bf03cd03bd002003bd03b1002003b103bd03bf03b903c703c403bf03cd03bd002003bc03b5002003c403bf0020004100630072006f006200610074002c002003c403bf002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002003ba03b103b9002003bc03b503c403b103b303b503bd03ad03c303c403b503c103b503c2002003b503ba03b403cc03c303b503b903c2002egt13 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR ltFEFF004200720075006b00200064006900730073006500200069006e006e007300740069006c006c0069006e00670065006e0065002000740069006c002000e50020006f0070007000720065007400740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065007200200073006f006d00200065007200200062006500730074002000650067006e0065007400200066006f00720020006600f80072007400720079006b006b0073007500740073006b00720069006600740020006100760020006800f800790020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e0020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e00650020006b0061006e002000e50070006e00650073002000690020004100630072006f00620061007400200065006c006c00650072002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065006c006c00650072002000730065006e006500720065002egt13 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR ltFEFF04120438043a043e0440043804410442043e043204430439044204350020044604560020043f043004400430043c043504420440043800200434043b044f0020044104420432043e04400435043d043d044f00200434043e043a0443043c0435043d044204560432002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020044f043a04560020043d04300439043a04400430044904350020043f045604340445043e0434044f0442044c00200434043b044f0020043204380441043e043a043e044f043a04560441043d043e0433043e0020043f0435044004350434043404400443043a043e0432043e0433043e0020043404400443043a0443002e00200020042104420432043e04400435043d045600200434043e043a0443043c0435043d0442043800200050004400460020043c043e0436043d04300020043204560434043a0440043804420438002004430020004100630072006f006200610074002004420430002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002004300431043e0020043f04560437043d04560448043e04570020043204350440044104560457002egt13 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCRRA is a joint powers authority that operates the

Metrolink regional rail service throughout Southern

California Metrolink commuter rail service stops at

11 stations in Orange County and provides 44 weekshy

day round trips on three lines Along the SR-91 corshy

ridor Metrolink provides service to the Anaheim

Canyon Metrolink Station and the Fullerton Transshy

portation Center

Several major special event facilities generate trips

along the SR-91 corridor including the Disneyland

Resort and Theme Park ldquoAngels Stadium of Anashy

heimrdquo home of the Los Angeles Angelsrsquo professional

baseball team and the ldquoHonda Centerrdquo arena home

to the Anaheim Ducks professional hockey team

The SR-91 Corridor is also the main transportation

corridor for beach access from the Inland Empire

There are major universities and colleges near the

SR-91 corridor and other post-secondary and trade

schools nearby There also exist several nearby

medical facilities Kaiser Permanente and the Anashy

heim Memorial Medical Center are located within

one-mile of SR-91 Kaiser Permanente is moving

from Lakeview to Tustin Avenue In addition there

are several major shopping centers along freeways

connecting to the SR-91 corridor but no major shopshy

ping malls are located directly adjacent to the corrishy

dor

CORRIDOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

The SR-91 CSMP focuses on four categories of pershy

formance measures

Mobility describes how quickly people and freight move along the corridor

Reliability captures the relative predictability of travel time along the corridor

Safety provides an overview of collisions along the corridor

Productivity quantifies the degree to which traffic inefficiencies at bottlenecks or hot spots reduce flow rates along the corridor

Mobility

Two primary measures quantify mobility in this reshy

port delay and travel time Each is estimated from

field automatic detection data and forecasted using

macro or micro-simulation models The Performshy

ance Measurement System (PeMS)1 provides acshy

cess to the historical freeway detection data needed

to estimate the two mobility measures PeMS colshy

lects detector volume and vehicle occupancy data on

the freeway which are used to estimate speed deshy

lay and travel time The vehicle occupancy data are

not the same as person occupancy

Delay

Delay is defined as the observed travel time less the

travel time during free-flow conditions (assumed 60

miles per hour) It is reported as vehicle-hours of

delay

Exhibit ES-3 shows the average weekday daily vehishy

cle-hours of delay for each month between 2005 and

2009 for both mainline and high occupancy vehicle

(HOV) lanes These trends exclude weekends and

holidays It is important to note that the mainline and

HOV facilities are not the same distance in length

The mainline facility extends 19 miles whereas the

HOV facility extends about 9 miles from I-5 to SR-55

Exhibit ES-3 reveals the following delay trends on

the mainline and HOV facilities

As expected the mainline or general purpose lanes experience significantly more congestion than the HOV facility and the eastbound mainline lanes can experience more than twice the delay of the westbound lanes

Between 2005 and 2007 mainline delay (with the exception of typical summer season lows) grew from about 6800 vehicle-hours of delay for both directions to nearly 17000 vehicle-hours with the eastbound mainline lanes reaching nearly 11000 vehicle-hours in October 2007

Since 2007 delay has declined to around 2006 levels

1Developed and maintained by Caltrans and accessible at httppemsdotcagov

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 6

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 FRA 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 GRE ltFEFF03a703c103b703c303b903bc03bf03c003bf03b903ae03c303c403b5002003b103c503c403ad03c2002003c403b903c2002003c103c503b803bc03af03c303b503b903c2002003b303b903b1002003bd03b1002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503c403b5002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002003c003bf03c5002003b503af03bd03b103b9002003ba03b103c42019002003b503be03bf03c703ae03bd002003ba03b103c403ac03bb03bb03b703bb03b1002003b303b903b1002003c003c103bf002d03b503ba03c403c503c003c903c403b903ba03ad03c2002003b503c103b303b103c303af03b503c2002003c503c803b703bb03ae03c2002003c003bf03b903cc03c403b703c403b103c2002e0020002003a403b10020005000440046002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002003c003bf03c5002003ad03c703b503c403b5002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503b9002003bc03c003bf03c103bf03cd03bd002003bd03b1002003b103bd03bf03b903c703c403bf03cd03bd002003bc03b5002003c403bf0020004100630072006f006200610074002c002003c403bf002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002003ba03b103b9002003bc03b503c403b103b303b503bd03ad03c303c403b503c103b503c2002003b503ba03b403cc03c303b503b903c2002egt13 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN ltFEFF004b0069007600e1006c00f30020006d0069006e0151007300e9006701710020006e0079006f006d00640061006900200065006c0151006b00e90073007a00ed007401510020006e0079006f006d00740061007400e100730068006f007a0020006c006500670069006e006b00e1006200620020006d0065006700660065006c0065006c0151002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b0061007400200065007a0065006b006b0065006c0020006100200062006500e1006c006c00ed007400e10073006f006b006b0061006c0020006b00e90073007a00ed0074006800650074002e0020002000410020006c00e90074007200650068006f007a006f00740074002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b00200061007a0020004100630072006f006200610074002000e9007300200061007a002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002c0020007600610067007900200061007a002000610074007400f3006c0020006b00e9007301510062006200690020007600650072007a006900f3006b006b0061006c0020006e00790069007400680061007400f3006b0020006d00650067002egt13 ITA ltFEFF005500740069006c0069007a007a006100720065002000710075006500730074006500200069006d0070006f007300740061007a0069006f006e00690020007000650072002000630072006500610072006500200064006f00630075006d0065006e00740069002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200070006900f900200061006400610074007400690020006100200075006e00610020007000720065007300740061006d0070006100200064006900200061006c007400610020007100750061006c0069007400e0002e0020004900200064006f00630075006d0065006e007400690020005000440046002000630072006500610074006900200070006f00730073006f006e006f0020006500730073006500720065002000610070006500720074006900200063006f006e0020004100630072006f00620061007400200065002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065002000760065007200730069006f006e006900200073007500630063006500730073006900760065002egt13 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Ve

hic

le-H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (

lt6

0 m

ph

)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-3 Mainline and HOV Weekday Delay by Month (2005-2009)

12000

11000

10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

Jan Fe

Ma

Ap

rM

aJu Ju

lA

uS

eO

ct No

De

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Mainline (ML) Eastbound

ML Westbound

HOV Eastbound

HOV Westbound

Month S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 7

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

The CSMP separates delay into two components

severe delay and other delay Severe delay occurs

when speeds are below 35 mph and other delay ocshy

curs when speeds are between 35 and 60 mph Seshy

vere delay represents breakdown conditions

ldquoOtherrdquo delay represents conditions approaching or

leaving breakdown congestion or areas that experishy

ence temporary slowdowns However it can also be

a leading indicator of future severe delay

Exhibits ES-4 (mainline lanes) and ES-5 (HOV

lanes) show average severe and other daily vehicleshy

hours of delay by day of the week A few notes reshy

lated to Exhibits ES-4 and ES-5

On the mainline lanes severe delay accounts for just under 80 percent of all weekday delay on the corridor in the eastbound direction while making up less than 60 percent in the westshybound direction (Exhibit ES-4) HOV delays tend to average just over 40 percent of total delay in either direction

In the eastbound direction Fridays experience the highest delays probably due to weekend travel The second highest delays generally ocshycurred on Thursdays

In the westbound direction the day-of-week trends are more typical for urban commute corrishydors The midweek days experience the highest delays Mondays and Fridays show slightly less congestion while the weekends show much lower delays than the weekdays

Exhibits ES-6 and ES-7 summarize average annual

weekday delay by hour of the day over the five-year

period on the mainline eastbound and westbound

respectively These exhibits allow planners and deshy

cision makers to understand the trend in peak period

delay spiking (greater variancedifferences) and

peak period spreading (longer duration) by comparshy

ing the intensity and duration of the peak congestion

Note that the HOV lanes are not shown in this sumshy

mary report since they follow similar peaking trends

as the mainline lanes The main technical report

contains the HOV delay by hour results

A few notes on these two exhibits

Delay in the westbound direction peaks during the AM period while delay peaks in the eastshybound direction during the PM period

The peak period of delay lasts from 600 AM to 900 AM and from 300 PM to 600 PM The AM peak hour is 700 AM while the PM peak period has two peak hours depending on the year 400 PM or 500 PM

Delay increased through December 2008 but decreased in 2009 In both directions peak peshyriod congestion nearly doubled between 2005 and 2008 but declined in 2009 Delay is less in the westbound direction

The eastbound PM peak period started one hour earlier in 2008 than in 2005 In 2009 the eastshybound congested period shrank by about oneshyhalf hour

Although delays are less in the westbound direcshytion the AM peak grew more pronounced in 2008 and 2009 The AM peak period also exshypanded

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 8

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 CHS ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

Ave

rage

Dai

ly V

ehic

le-H

ours

of D

elay

(lt60

mph)

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-4 Mainline Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009 )

11000

12000

Other Delay

Severe Delay 10000

9000

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

Exhibit ES-5 HOV Lane Delay by Day of Week (2005-2009)

5000

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun H

ol

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

EASTBOUND WESTBOUND

Other Delay

Severe Delay

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t o r d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 9

Av

era

ge

Da

ily

Veh

icle

Ho

urs

of

Del

ay

(lt

60

mp

h)

Ave

rag

e D

aily

Ve

hic

le H

ou

rs o

f D

ela

y (lt

60

mp

h)

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday

1400 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

00

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

1200

1400

1600 2009 Weekday 2008 Weekday 2007 Weekday 2006 Weekday 2005 Weekday

1000

800

600

400

200

0

60

06

00

70

07

00

80

08

00

90

09

00

10

00

10

00

11

00

11

00

12

00

12

00

13

00

13

00

14

00

14

00

15

00

15

00

16

00

16

00

17

00

17

00

18

00

18

00

19

00

19

00

20

00

20

00

21

00

21

00

22

00

22

00

23

00

2

30

0

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUS 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-6 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-7 Westbound Mainline Lanes Hourly Delay (2005-2009)

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 10

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI ltFEFF004b00610073007500740061006700650020006e0065006900640020007300e4007400740065006900640020006b00760061006c006900740065006500740073006500200074007200fc006b006900650065006c007300650020007000720069006e00740069006d0069007300650020006a0061006f006b007300200073006f00620069006c0069006b0065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740069006400650020006c006f006f006d006900730065006b0073002e00200020004c006f006f0064007500640020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065002000730061006100740065002000610076006100640061002000700072006f006700720061006d006d006900640065006700610020004100630072006f0062006100740020006e0069006e0067002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006a00610020007500750065006d006100740065002000760065007200730069006f006f006e00690064006500670061002e000d000agt13 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Travel Time

The travel time measure represents the average time

for a vehicle to travel between I-5 and the Riverside

County Line (a distance of approximately 19 miles on

the mainline) The distance measured for HOV lanes

is shorter because HOV lanes extend only nine miles

along the corridor Caltrans detection data were used

to compute and analyze travel times

Exhibits ES-8 and ES-9 present the travel time results

for the mainline facility of the SR-91 corridor for 2005

through 2009 The eastbound direction had travel

times of approximately 32 to 40 minutes during its PM

peak hour The westbound direction had travel times

of approximately 20 to 25 minutes during its AM peak

hour

In the eastbound direction travel times remained unshy

changed in the AM peak hour while they increased in

the PM peak hour (from approximately 32 minutes to

40 minutes between 2005 and 2008) In 2009 PM

travel times decreased to 36 minutes

In the westbound direction travel times increased in

the AM peak hour from approximately 20 minutes to

25 minutes between 2005 and 2008 In contrast the

westbound travel times decreased during the PM

peak hour The travel time in 2008 nearly equaled

2005 and 2006 levels (about 22 minutes)

Travel times on the HOV facility remained steady in

both directions during the four years analyzed at apshy

proximately 85 minutes along the nine-mile HOV fashy

cility (charts can be found in the detailed Final Reshy

port) During the 500 PM peak hour in both direcshy

tions of travel delay increased from about eight minshy

utes in 2005 to 11 minutes in 2007

Reliability

Reliability captures the degree of predictability in travel

time Reliability focuses on how travel time varies from

day to day and reflects the impacts of accidents incishy

dents weather and special events Improving reliabilshy

ity is an important goal for transportation agencies

Efforts to improve reliability include incident manageshy

ment traveler information and special event planning

To measure reliability the CSMP uses the ldquobuffer inshy

dexrdquo which reflects the additional time required (over

and beyond the average) to ensure an on-time arrival

95 percent of the time In other words if a person

must be on time 95 days out of 100 (or 19 out of 20

workdays per month) then that person must add addishy

tional time to their average expected travel time to

ensure an on-time arrival That additional time is the

buffer time Severe events such as collisions could

cause longer travel times but the 95th percentile

represents a balance between days with extreme

events (eg major accidents) and other more

ldquotypicalrdquo travel days

Exhibits ES-10 and ES-11 illustrate the variability of

travel time along the mainline lanes for non-holiday

weekdays in 2007 The detailed final report shows

the buffer index for the years from 2005 to 2009 for

both mainline and HOV lanes This Executive Sumshy

mary reports only mainline data for 2007 since that

year was the base for modeling

The following observations on the mainline facility are

worth noting

In 2007 in the eastbound direction 400 PM had the highest estimated average travel time at apshyproximately 40 minutes and the highest estimated buffer time of 21 minutes (a buffer index of 52 percent) In other words to arrive on time 95 pershycent of the time a commuter would need to leave for work 61 minutes before the start time to travel the entire length of the SR-91 study corridor

The westbound direction had both AM and PM peaks (700 AM and 500 PM) for variability The AM peak had an estimated average travel time of 23 minutes in 2007 with a buffer time of 7 minutes (buffer index of 30 percent) while the PM peak also had a buffer index of just under 30 percent with a 24-minute average time and a 7-minute buffer time

It is important to keep track of the reliability statistic in

part to evaluate incident management improvement

strategies and in part to gauge the effectiveness of

safety projects delivered

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 11

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-8 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009) 50

2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-9 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time by Hour (2005-2009)

50 2009 Average Travel Time

2008 Average Travel Time 45 2007 Average Travel Time

2006 Average Travel Time

40 2005 Average Travel Time

Travel Time 35mph

Travel Time 60mph 35

Tra

vel T

ime

(min

ute

s)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour of the Day

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 12

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TR

AV

EL

TIM

E (

MIN

) T

RA

VE

L T

IME

(M

IN)

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

160

0

170

0

180

0

190

0

200

0

210

0

220

0

230

0

TIME OF DAY

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

100

0

110

0

120

0

130

0

140

0

150

0

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0

210

0

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230

0

13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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 UKR 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-10 Eastbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

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S o u r c e C a l t r a n s a u t o m a t i c d e t e c t i o n d a t a

Exhibit ES-11 Westbound Mainline Lanes Travel Time Variability (2007)

75 Average Travel Time

70 Travel Time Variability (95th Percentile)

65 Travel Time at 60mph

60 Travel Time at 35mph

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S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Safety

The adopted performance measures to assess

safety involve the number of accidents and the accishy

dent rates computed from the Caltrans Traffic Accishy

dent Surveillance and Analysis System (TASAS)

TASAS is a traffic records system containing an acshy

cident database linked to a highway database The

highway database contains descriptive elements of

highway segments intersections and ramps access

control traffic volumes and other data TASAS conshy

tains specific data for accidents on State Highways

Accidents on non-State Highways are not included

(eg local streets and roads)

The safety assessment in this report intends to charshy

acterize the overall accident history and trends in the

corridor It also highlights notable accident concenshy

tration locations or readily apparent patterns This

report is not intended to replace more detailed safety

investigations routinely performed by Caltrans staff

Exhibits ES-12 and ES-13 show the total number of

accidents by month on eastbound and westbound

SR-91 respectively The accidents reported for the

study corridor are not separated by mainline and

HOV facility The exhibits summarize the latest

available three-year data from January 1 2006

through December 31 2008

From 2006 to 2008 westbound SR-91 experienced

as many as 118 collisions per month (approximately

four per day) while the eastbound direction had up

to 110 monthly collisions (daily per day) There was

a significant increase in total collisions in 2006

which indicates that there may have been more trafshy

fic in 2006 than in previous years This could valishy

date the 2006 detector-based mobility analysis reshy

sults With reduction of congestion and elimination

of bottlenecks these collisions may decrease Many

of the reported accidents were rear-end collisions

which are often indicative of congestion-related incishy

dents Both directions have shown a decrease in

collisions through the end of 2008

The SR-91 Corridor does not have many parallel

routes that offer opportunities for motorists to bypass

traffic incidents To improve travel time reliability

increased incident response could focus on these

areas

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 14

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE ltFEFF03a703c103b703c303b903bc03bf03c003bf03b903ae03c303c403b5002003b103c503c403ad03c2002003c403b903c2002003c103c503b803bc03af03c303b503b903c2002003b303b903b1002003bd03b1002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503c403b5002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002003c003bf03c5002003b503af03bd03b103b9002003ba03b103c42019002003b503be03bf03c703ae03bd002003ba03b103c403ac03bb03bb03b703bb03b1002003b303b903b1002003c003c103bf002d03b503ba03c403c503c003c903c403b903ba03ad03c2002003b503c103b303b103c303af03b503c2002003c503c803b703bb03ae03c2002003c003bf03b903cc03c403b703c403b103c2002e0020002003a403b10020005000440046002003ad03b303b303c103b103c603b1002003c003bf03c5002003ad03c703b503c403b5002003b403b703bc03b903bf03c503c103b303ae03c303b503b9002003bc03c003bf03c103bf03cd03bd002003bd03b1002003b103bd03bf03b903c703c403bf03cd03bd002003bc03b5002003c403bf0020004100630072006f006200610074002c002003c403bf002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002003ba03b103b9002003bc03b503c403b103b303b503bd03ad03c303c403b503c103b503c2002003b503ba03b403cc03c303b503b903c2002egt13 HEB ltFEFF05D405E905EA05DE05E905D5002005D105D405D205D305E805D505EA002005D005DC05D4002005DB05D305D9002005DC05D905E605D505E8002005DE05E105DE05DB05D9002000410064006F006200650020005000440046002005D405DE05D505EA05D005DE05D905DD002005DC05D405D305E405E105EA002005E705D305DD002D05D305E405D505E1002005D005D905DB05D505EA05D905EA002E002005DE05E105DE05DB05D90020005000440046002005E905E005D505E605E805D5002005E005D905EA05E005D905DD002005DC05E405EA05D905D705D4002005D105D005DE05E605E205D505EA0020004100630072006F006200610074002005D5002D00410064006F00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002E0030002005D505D205E805E105D005D505EA002005DE05EA05E705D305DE05D505EA002005D905D505EA05E8002E05D005DE05D905DD002005DC002D005000440046002F0058002D0033002C002005E205D905D905E005D5002005D105DE05D305E805D905DA002005DC05DE05E905EA05DE05E9002005E905DC0020004100630072006F006200610074002E002005DE05E105DE05DB05D90020005000440046002005E905E005D505E605E805D5002005E005D905EA05E005D905DD002005DC05E405EA05D905D705D4002005D105D005DE05E605E205D505EA0020004100630072006F006200610074002005D5002D00410064006F00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002E0030002005D505D205E805E105D005D505EA002005DE05EA05E705D305DE05D505EA002005D905D505EA05E8002Egt13 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

Nu

mb

er

of

Mo

nth

ly I

nc

ide

nts

JaJann-

0-066

MMarar

--0606

MMayay

--0066

JuJull--00

66

SSeepp--0

606

NNoovv--0

606

JJan-an-0

707

Ma

Mar

-r-0077

Ma

Mayy

--0077

JuJull--00

77

SSeep-p-0707

NoNovv--00

77

JaJann--

0088

MMaarr

--0808

MMaay

-y-0088

JuJull--00

88

SSeep-p-0808

NoNovv--00

88

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-12 Eastbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140 EB WeekendHoliday

EB Weekday

Num

ber

of M

onth

ly A

ccid

ents

MMontonthh S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

Exhibit ES-13 Westbound Monthly Accidents (2006-2008)

15S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n

S o u r c e C a l t r a n s T A S A S

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Nu

mb

er o

f M

on

thly

Acc

iden

ts

Month

WB WeekendHoliday

WB Weekday

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI ltFEFF004b00610073007500740061006700650020006e0065006900640020007300e4007400740065006900640020006b00760061006c006900740065006500740073006500200074007200fc006b006900650065006c007300650020007000720069006e00740069006d0069007300650020006a0061006f006b007300200073006f00620069006c0069006b0065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740069006400650020006c006f006f006d006900730065006b0073002e00200020004c006f006f0064007500640020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065002000730061006100740065002000610076006100640061002000700072006f006700720061006d006d006900640065006700610020004100630072006f0062006100740020006e0069006e0067002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006a00610020007500750065006d006100740065002000760065007200730069006f006f006e00690064006500670061002e000d000agt13 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR ltFEFF004200720075006b00200064006900730073006500200069006e006e007300740069006c006c0069006e00670065006e0065002000740069006c002000e50020006f0070007000720065007400740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065007200200073006f006d00200065007200200062006500730074002000650067006e0065007400200066006f00720020006600f80072007400720079006b006b0073007500740073006b00720069006600740020006100760020006800f800790020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e0020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e00650020006b0061006e002000e50070006e00650073002000690020004100630072006f00620061007400200065006c006c00650072002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065006c006c00650072002000730065006e006500720065002egt13 POL ltFEFF0055007300740061007700690065006e0069006100200064006f002000740077006f0072007a0065006e0069006100200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400f300770020005000440046002000700072007a0065007a006e00610063007a006f006e00790063006800200064006f002000770079006400720075006b00f30077002000770020007700790073006f006b00690065006a0020006a0061006b006f015b00630069002e002000200044006f006b0075006d0065006e0074007900200050004400460020006d006f017c006e00610020006f007400770069006500720061010700200077002000700072006f006700720061006d006900650020004100630072006f00620061007400200069002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000690020006e006f00770073007a0079006d002egt13 PTB ltFEFF005500740069006c0069007a006500200065007300730061007300200063006f006e00660069006700750072006100e700f50065007300200064006500200066006f0072006d00610020006100200063007200690061007200200064006f00630075006d0065006e0074006f0073002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020006d00610069007300200061006400650071007500610064006f00730020007000610072006100200070007200e9002d0069006d0070007200650073007300f50065007300200064006500200061006c007400610020007100750061006c00690064006100640065002e0020004f007300200064006f00630075006d0065006e0074006f00730020005000440046002000630072006900610064006f007300200070006f00640065006d0020007300650072002000610062006500720074006f007300200063006f006d0020006f0020004100630072006f006200610074002000650020006f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000650020007600650072007300f50065007300200070006f00730074006500720069006f007200650073002egt13 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV ltFEFF005400650020006e006100730074006100760069007400760065002000750070006f0072006100620069007400650020007a00610020007500730074007600610072006a0061006e006a006500200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074006f0076002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020006b006900200073006f0020006e0061006a007000720069006d00650072006e0065006a016100690020007a00610020006b0061006b006f0076006f00730074006e006f0020007400690073006b0061006e006a00650020007300200070007200690070007200610076006f0020006e00610020007400690073006b002e00200020005500730074007600610072006a0065006e006500200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074006500200050004400460020006a00650020006d006f0067006f010d00650020006f0064007000720065007400690020007a0020004100630072006f00620061007400200069006e002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200069006e0020006e006f00760065006a01610069006d002egt13 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Productivity

Productivity is a system efficiency measure used to

analyze the throughput of the corridor during conshy

gested conditions Restoring lost productivity is a

focus of CSMPs

Exhibit ES-14 illustrates how congestion leads to lost

productivity The exhibit uses observed data from

sensors for a typical spring PM peak period

(Tuesday May 4 2010) on SR-91 It shows speeds

(in red) and flow rates (in blue) on eastbound SR-91

at Gypsum Canyon Road one of the most conshy

gested locations on the corridor

Flow rates (measured as vehicles per hour per lane

or ldquovphplrdquo) at Gypsum Canyon Road between 130

PM and 230 PM averaged around 1500 vphpl This

is slightly less than a typical peak period maximum

flow rate Generally freeway flow rates over 2000

vphpl cannot be sustained over a long period

Once volumes approach this maximum rate traffic

Exhibit ES-14 Lost Productivity Illustrated 80

75

70

becomes unstable With any additional merging or

weaving traffic breaks down and speeds can rapidly

plummet to below 35 mph In essence every increshy

mental merge takes up two spots on the freeway for

a short time However since the volume is close to

capacity these merges lead to queues Rather than

accommodating the same number of vehicles flow

rates also drop and vehicles back up creating bottleshy

necks and associated congestion

At the location shown in Exhibit ES-14 throughput

drops by nearly 25 percent on average during the

peak period (from over 1500 to around 1100 vphpl)

This five-lane segment therefore operates as if it

were a four-lane road just when demand is at its

highest Stated differently just when the corridor

needed the most capacity it performed in the least

productive manner and effectively lost lanes This

loss in throughput can be aggregated and presented

as ldquoEquivalent Lost-Lane-Milesrdquo

2000

1875

1750

SR-91 Eastbound Postmile R016600 Gypsum Canyon Road PM Peak Period May 4 2010

Lost Productivity

Speed (lt35mph)

Restoring Lost Productivity is the focus of CSMPs and System Management 65 1625

FL

OW

RA

TE

(V

eh

per

Hr

per

Lan

e)

60 1500

55 1375

SP

EE

D (

mp

h) 50 1250

45 1125

40 1000

35 875

30 750

25 625

20 500

15

10

375

250

5 125

0 0

1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

Time of Day

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 16

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Average weekday (non-holiday) lost lane-miles by

time period and year for SR-91 are shown in Exhibits

ES-15 (mainline) and ES-16 (HOV) A few notes on

these two exhibits

The largest productivity losses occurred in the eastbound direction during the PM peak hours which are the direction and time period that exshyperienced the most congestion

On the mainline facility the westbound direction during the AM peak period experienced producshytivity losses nearly as high as the eastbound dishyrection during the PM peak period

On the HOV lanes a greater productivity loss is more evident in the eastbound peak period

Express lanes are priced to maximize throughshyput Express lanes are managed up to a maxishymum of 1600 vphpl and pricing is adjusted to ensure these lanes operate at different flow rates than the mainline

Operational strategies are critical to recovering such

productivity losses These strategies include buildshy

ing new or extending auxiliary lanes developing

more aggressive ramp metering strategies without

negatively influencing the arterial network and imshy

proving incident management

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 17

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-15 Mainline Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

120 Eastbound

110 Westbound

100

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st L

ane

-Mil

es 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night

Time Period by Year

Exhibit ES-16 HOV Daily Equivalent Lost Lane-Miles by Direction and Period (2005-2009)

10

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Lo

st

Lan

e-M

iles

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

AM Midday PM Night Time Period by Year

Eastbound

Westbound

S o u r c e S M G a n a l y s i s o f C a l t r a n s T A S A S d a t a

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 18

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

5 Bottleneck Identification and Causality Analysis Major bottlenecks are the primary cause of congesshy

tion and lost productivity By definition a bottleneck

is a location where traffic demand exceeds the effecshy

tive carrying capacity of the roadway In most cases

the cause of a bottleneck relates to a sudden reducshy

tion in capacity such as a lane drop merging and

weaving driver distractions a surge in demand or a

combination of factors

Exhibit ES-17 summarizes eastbound and westshy

bound bottleneck locations on SR-91 the period

these bottlenecks are active and the causes of the

bottlenecks The exhibit also shows three bottleshy

necks indicated by Caltrans which did not appear

until 2009 Caltrans staff indicated that additional

Exhibit ES-17 SR-91 Bottleneck Locations and Causality

bottlenecks likely exist in the westbound direction at

Tustin Avenue and the SR-55 On Ramp Exhibits

ES-18 and ES-19 are maps showing verified bottleshy

neck locations for the AM and PM peak periods reshy

spectively

The specific location and causality of each major SR

-91 bottleneck were verified in multiple field observashy

tions on separate weekdays Many bottleneck locashy

tions were videotaped to validate specific locations

and causes and to assist in micro-simulation model

calibration The detailed final report fully explains

the process and results of the bottleneck identificashy

tion and causality analysis

Dir Bottleneck Location Causality Active Period Location

Postmile AM PM

Eas

tbo

un

d

Euclid St Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 24

State College Blvd Not directly observable during 2008 field visits due to lower traffic volumes 53

SR‐57 On Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐55 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐90 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps R117

Gypsum Canyon Rd OnSR‐241 Merging from consecutive on‐ramps heavy demand from SR‐241 R164

Coal Canyon Rd Lane drop R178

Wes

tbo

un

d

Weir Canyon Rd Off Heavy demand from northbound SR‐241 on‐ramp loss of aux lane to Weir Canyon

R145

Truck Weigh Station Heavy demand from Weir Canyon on‐ramps R133

SR‐55 Off Queuing on SR‐55 off‐ramp weaving R89

SR‐57 Off Indicated by Caltrans and did not appear until 2009

SR‐57 On Merging from consecutive on‐ramps 61

State College Blvd Continuation of SR‐57 On bottleneck Crest of uphill grade 51

Harbor Blvd Horizontal and vertical grade 31

I‐5 Off Horizontal and vertical grade weaving R36

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 19

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-18 Map of Major SR-91 AM Existing Bottlenecks

Exhibit ES-19 Map of Existing SR-91 PM Bottlenecks

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 20

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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PreserveHalftoneInfo false13 PreserveOPIComments true13 PreserveOverprintSettings true13 StartPage 113 SubsetFonts true13 TransferFunctionInfo Apply13 UCRandBGInfo Preserve13 UsePrologue false13 ColorSettingsFile ()13 AlwaysEmbed [ true13 ]13 NeverEmbed [ true13 ]13 AntiAliasColorImages false13 CropColorImages true13 ColorImageMinResolution 30013 ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy OK13 DownsampleColorImages true13 ColorImageDownsampleType Bicubic13 ColorImageResolution 30013 ColorImageDepth -113 ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 113 ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 15000013 EncodeColorImages true13 ColorImageFilter DCTEncode13 AutoFilterColorImages true13 ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy JPEG13 ColorACSImageDict ltlt13 QFactor 01513 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1]13 gtgt13 ColorImageDict ltlt13 QFactor 01513 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1]13 gtgt13 JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict ltlt13 TileWidth 25613 TileHeight 25613 Quality 3013 gtgt13 JPEG2000ColorImageDict ltlt13 TileWidth 25613 TileHeight 25613 Quality 3013 gtgt13 AntiAliasGrayImages false13 CropGrayImages true13 GrayImageMinResolution 30013 GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy OK13 DownsampleGrayImages true13 GrayImageDownsampleType Bicubic13 GrayImageResolution 30013 GrayImageDepth -113 GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 213 GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 15000013 EncodeGrayImages true13 GrayImageFilter DCTEncode13 AutoFilterGrayImages true13 GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy JPEG13 GrayACSImageDict ltlt13 QFactor 01513 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1]13 gtgt13 GrayImageDict ltlt13 QFactor 01513 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1]13 gtgt13 JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict ltlt13 TileWidth 25613 TileHeight 25613 Quality 3013 gtgt13 JPEG2000GrayImageDict ltlt13 TileWidth 25613 TileHeight 25613 Quality 3013 gtgt13 AntiAliasMonoImages false13 CropMonoImages true13 MonoImageMinResolution 120013 MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy OK13 DownsampleMonoImages true13 MonoImageDownsampleType Bicubic13 MonoImageResolution 120013 MonoImageDepth -113 MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 15000013 EncodeMonoImages true13 MonoImageFilter CCITTFaxEncode13 MonoImageDict ltlt13 K -113 gtgt13 AllowPSXObjects false13 CheckCompliance [13 None13 ]13 PDFX1aCheck false13 PDFX3Check false13 PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false13 PDFXNoTrimBoxError true13 PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true13 PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()13 PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()13 PDFXOutputCondition ()13 PDFXRegistryName ()13 PDFXTrapped False1313 CreateJDFFile false13 Description ltlt13 ARA 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 BGR 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 CHS ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE ltFEFF005400610074006f0020006e006100730074006100760065006e00ed00200070006f0075017e0069006a007400650020006b0020007600790074007600e101590065006e00ed00200064006f006b0075006d0065006e0074016f002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002c0020006b00740065007200e90020007300650020006e0065006a006c00e90070006500200068006f006400ed002000700072006f0020006b00760061006c00690074006e00ed0020007400690073006b00200061002000700072006500700072006500730073002e002000200056007900740076006f01590065006e00e900200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400790020005000440046002000620075006400650020006d006f017e006e00e90020006f007400650076015900ed007400200076002000700072006f006700720061006d0065006300680020004100630072006f00620061007400200061002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000610020006e006f0076011b006a016100ed00630068002egt13 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

6 Scenario Development and Analysis Fully understanding how a corridor performs and

why it performs that certain way sets the foundation

for evaluating potential solutions Several steps

were required to develop and evaluate improveshy

ments including

Developing traffic models for 2007 base-year and 2020 long-term demand

Combining projects in a logical manner for modshyeling and testing

Evaluating model outputs and summarizing results

Conducting benefit-cost assessments of scenarios

TRAFFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT

The study team developed a traffic model using the

Caliper TransModeler micro-simulation software It

is important to note that micro-simulation models are

complex to develop and calibrate for a large urban

corridor such as the SR-91 corridor However it is

one of few tools capable of providing reasonable

approximations of bottleneck formation and queue

development Therefore such tools help quantify

the impacts of operational strategies which tradishy

tional travel demand models cannot

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 21

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE ltFEFF0041006e007600e4006e00640020006400650020006800e4007200200069006e0073007400e4006c006c006e0069006e006700610072006e00610020006f006d002000640075002000760069006c006c00200073006b006100700061002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400200073006f006d002000e400720020006c00e4006d0070006c0069006700610020006600f60072002000700072006500700072006500730073002d007500740073006b00720069006600740020006d006500640020006800f600670020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006e00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f00630068002000730065006e006100720065002egt13 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Lincoln Ave

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Lincoln Ave

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-20 SR-91 Micro-Simulation Model Network

Euc

lid A

ve

Sta

te C

olle

ge B

lvd

Tus

tin A

ve

Orangethorpe Ave

La Palma Ave

Exhibit ES-20 shows the corridor roadway network

included in the model All freeway interchanges

were included as well as on and off-ramps along the

SR-91 corridor The study team calibrated the base

year model against the actual 2007 conditions preshy

sented earlier This effort required several submittal

and review cycles until the model reasonably

matched bottleneck locations and relative severity

After acceptance of the base year model the team

developed a model with 2020 demands extrapolated

from the 2030 OCTA travel demand model Caltrans

selected 2020 as the horizon year to test operational

improvements and other system management strateshy

gies

These models were then used to evaluate different

scenarios (combinations of projects) to quantify the

associated congestion-relief benefits and to compare

the project costs against their benefits

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 22

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

The study team developed a framework for combinshy

ing projects into scenarios for evaluation It would

be desirable to evaluate every possible combination

of projects but this would have entailed thousands

of model runs Instead the team combined projects

based on a number of factors including

Projects fully programmed and funded were combined separately from projects that were not

Whenever possible expansion projects were not combined with operational strategies in order to delineate differences between types of improveshyments

Short-term projects (delivered by 2015) were used to develop scenarios tested with both the 2007 and 2020 models

Long-term projects (delivered after 2015 but before or by 2020) were used to develop scenarshyios tested with the 2020 model only

The study team assumed that projects developed

before 2015 could reasonably be evaluated using

the 2007 base year model The 2020 forecast year

for the SR-91 corridor was consistent with the originshy

destination matrices in the OCTA regional travel deshy

mand model

When OCTA updates its travel demand model and

SCAG updates its Regional Transportation Plan

(RTP) they may wish to update the micro-simulation

model with revised demand projections

Project lists used to develop scenarios were from the

Regional Transportation Improvement Program

(RTIP) the RTP Measure M2 SR-91 Implementashy

tion Plan Transportation Corridor Agencies (TCA)

improvements and Riverside County Transportation

Commission (RCTC) improvements and other

sources (such as special studies) The study team

eliminated projects that do not directly affect mobility

For instance sound wall landscaping or minor arteshy

rial improvement projects were eliminated because

micro-simulation models cannot evaluate them

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Scenario testing performed for the SR-91 CSMP difshy

fers from traditional alternatives evaluations or Envishy

ronmental Impact Reports (EIRs) Traditional altershy

natives evaluations or EIRs focus on identifying alshy

ternative solutions to address current or projected

corridor problems so each alternative is evaluated

separately and results among competing alternatives

are compared resulting in a locally preferred alternashy

tive In contrast for the SR-91 CSMP scenarios

build on each other A scenario contains the proshy

jects from the previous scenario plus one or more

projects as long as the incremental scenario results

show an acceptable level of performance improveshy

ment This incremental scenario evaluation apshy

proach is important because CSMPs are new and

often compared with alternatives studies

Exhibit ES-21 summarizes the approach used and

scenarios tested It also provides a general descripshy

tion of the projects included in the 2007 and 2020

micro-simulation runs

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 23

Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 CHS ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU ltFEFF00560065007200770065006e00640065006e0020005300690065002000640069006500730065002000450069006e007300740065006c006c0075006e00670065006e0020007a0075006d002000450072007300740065006c006c0065006e00200076006f006e002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0044006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e002c00200076006f006e002000640065006e0065006e002000530069006500200068006f006300680077006500720074006900670065002000500072006500700072006500730073002d0044007200750063006b0065002000650072007a0065007500670065006e0020006d00f60063006800740065006e002e002000450072007300740065006c006c007400650020005000440046002d0044006f006b0075006d0065006e007400650020006b00f6006e006e0065006e0020006d006900740020004100630072006f00620061007400200075006e0064002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0064006500720020006800f600680065007200200067006500f600660066006e00650074002000770065007200640065006e002egt13 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF 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Short-term Scenarios

2007 Base Year ~ (Calibrated)

t

Scenario 1 Fully-funded and

~ Committed Projects

~

Scenario 1A Scenario 1 wout r----+ SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

t

Scenario 3 Scenario 1A + HOV ~ Conversions to Cont inuous Access

~

Scenario 5 Scenario 3 + I~

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

t

Scenario 7 Scenario 5 + ~ Advanced Ramp

Metering

~

Scenario 11 Scenario 7 + ------

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Long-term Scenarios

2020 Horizon Year 2007 Network

2020 0-D Matrices

t Scenario 2

Fully-funded and Committed Projects

t

Scenario 2A Scenario 2 wout SR-57 Off-ramp Queue Backup

~

Scenario 4 Scenario 2A + HOV

Conversions to Continuous Access

t Scenario 6 Scenario 4 +

Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane Ext 1-15

~

Scenario 8 Scenario 6 +

Advanced Ramp Metering

t

Scenario 12 Scenario 8 +

SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

~ I

Scenario 13 Scenario 12 +

Capital Expansion Add 1GP SR55 1C

Incident Management Scenarios

Scenario 9 Incident without

Incident Management Enhancement

Scenario 10 Incident with Incident

Management Enhancement

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-21 Paramics Micro-Simulation Modeling Approach

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 24

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

SCENARIO EVALUATION RESULTS

Exhibits ES-22 and ES-23 show the delay results for

all the 2007 scenarios evaluated for the AM and PM

peak periods respectively Exhibits ES-24 and ESshy

25 show similar results for scenarios evaluated using

the 2020 horizon year model The percentages

shown in the exhibits indicate the difference in delay

between the current scenario and the previous sceshy

nario (eg ldquoPercent Change = (Current Scenario -

Previous Scenario) Previous Scenariordquo) Impacts

of strategies differ based on a number of factors

such as traffic flow conditions ramp storage bottleshy

neck locations and levels of congestion

For each scenario the modeling team added the

proposed improvements conducted multiple model

runs and produced composite results by facility type

(ie mainline HOV arterials and ramps) and vehishy

cle type (SOV HOV and trucks) as well as speed

contour diagrams The study team reviewed increshy

mental steps in detail for each modeling analysis to

ensure they were consistent with general traffic engishy

neering principles

The following describes the findings for each sceshy

nario tested and reviewed by the study team

2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Hori-zon Year

Absent any physical improvements the modeling

team estimates that by 2020 total delay (mainline

HOV ramps and arterials) will increase by more

than 400 percent compared to 2007 (from a total of

around 17000 vehicle-hours daily to nearly 69000

vehicle-hours) Demand may continue to increase

beyond 2020 and may require further study As deshy

scribed below the programmed projects lead to sigshy

nificant decreases in congestion

Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)

The first two scenarios include fully funded and proshy

grammed projects that are both expansion and opshy

erations-related These projects are slated for comshy

pletion by 2015 and include

Connecting the existing auxiliary lane through interchanges on westbound SR-91 between SRshy57 and I-5 with its elements

Extending a lane and reconstructing the auxiliary lane on westbound SR-91 from SR-55 through the Tustin interchange

Adding an eastbound lane between SR-241 and SR-71 and improving the northbound SR-71 conshynector from SR-91 to a standard one lane and shoulder width (CMIA project)

Adding one lane in each direction ndash SR-55 connecshytor to SR-241 in Anaheim from east of SR-55 conshynector to east of Weir Canyon Road (CMIA project)

Re-striping southbound Lakeview Avenue to provide 15 right-turn lanes to westbound SR-91 on-ramp

Widening and improving Tustin Avenue between SR-91 and La Palma Avenue (city development mitigation project)

Widening northbound SR-241 to both directions of SR-91 from three to four lanes (two in each direction)

The 2007 model estimates that the programmed proshy

jects will reduce delay on the corridor by approxishy

mately 44 percent in the AM peak period and by 78

percent in the PM peak period In total this scenario

estimates a reduction of nearly 12000 vehicle-hours

of daily (AM and PM peak period) delay In the westshy

bound direction the majority of the delay reduction ocshy

curs during the AM peak period from SR-55 to State

College Boulevard In the eastbound direction the largshy

est mobility improvements occur during the PM peak

period from Gypsum Canyon Road to Coal Canyon

Road

The 2020 model estimates that the same projects

will reduce delay on the corridor by approximately

60 percent in the AM peak period and 54 percent in

the PM peak period for a total daily reduction of

over 38000 vehicle-hours delay

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 25

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt13 CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt13 CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM ltFEFF005500740069006c0069007a00610163006900200061006300650073007400650020007300650074010300720069002000700065006e007400720075002000610020006300720065006100200064006f00630075006d0065006e00740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002000610064006500630076006100740065002000700065006e0074007200750020007400690070010300720069007200650061002000700072006500700072006500730073002000640065002000630061006c006900740061007400650020007300750070006500720069006f006100720103002e002000200044006f00630075006d0065006e00740065006c00650020005000440046002000630072006500610074006500200070006f00740020006600690020006400650073006300680069007300650020006300750020004100630072006f006200610074002c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020015f00690020007600650072007300690075006e0069006c006500200075006c0074006500720069006f006100720065002egt13 RUS 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 SKY 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

These scenarios include CMIA projects that will proshy

duce significant corridor operational and mobility beneshy

fits Reductions in daily delay are well over 50 percent

in both directions and on every type of corridor facility

(mainline HOV lanes ramps and arterials)

Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)

During the early stages of testing the study team realshy

ized that improvements on SR-57 led to mobility

benefits on SR-91 and vice versa The team needed

to isolate such benefits and assign them to the approshy

priate corridor For instance improvements on SR-91

will reduce backups on the connector from

southbound SR-57 to westbound SR-91 These delay

benefits do not relate to improvements on SR-57

Conversely improvements on SR-57 also lead to deshy

lay reductions on SR-91

In order to assign benefits correctly the team evalushy

ated two sets of scenarios related to the programmed

projects listed above The first set (Scenarios 1 and

2) maintained the queue backups from westbound SR

-91 to northbound SR-57 connector The second set

relieved these backups with the improvements on the

SR-57 corridor The difference between the benefits

of these two sets of scenarios belongs to the SR-57

corridor The team used the same approach with the

SR-57 model (developed for the SR-57 CSMP) to

delineate the benefits associated with SR-91 improveshy

ments that affect SR-57

The results of the scenarios run in the SR-91 model

were applied to the SR-57 CSMP In addition the

study team assumed that the SR-57 improvements that

relieve the queue backup onto SR-91 would occur prior

to all subsequent SR-91 improvement scenarios

Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Con-tinuous Access)

Scenarios 3 and 4 build on Scenarios 1A and 2A by

adding a project to convert the existing buffershy

separated HOV and limited access HOV to a full-time

continuous access HOV facility The study team

tested Scenarios 3 and 4 with the 2007 and 2020

models respectively Caltrans may revisit the modelshy

ing once the full details of the continuous access deshy

sign are finalized

The 2007 model estimates that this project would proshy

duce a delay reduction of approximately seven percent

in the AM peak period and seven percent in the PM

peak period The 2020 model however estimates that

Scenario 4 would result in an increase in delay by as

much as eight percent in the PM peak period The

model shows that this is due to the HOV conversion

exacerbating an eastbound bottleneck downstream at

Gypsum Canyon The project improves operations

upstream in the eastbound direction and allows traffic

to move downstream faster This higher demand comshy

pounds the bottleneck at Gypsum Canyon and results

in a higher overall delay It is only when this bottleneck

is relieved (in Scenarios 5 and 6) that the continuous

HOV access project will produce an overall net positive

result

Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Imple-mentation Projects)

Scenarios 5 and 6 build on Scenarios 3 and 4 by addshy

ing planned short-range implementation projects

These projects include

Widening Gypsum Canyon Road from two to four lanes adding Class II on-road bike lanes adding a multi-use trail and sidewalk on west side of roadway modifying an existing entrance ramp and reconstructing and signalizing the eastbound SR-91 exit ramp intersection

Extending the toll lane to east of I-15 (a component of Project No 7 of the 2009 Implementation Plan and Project No 4 of the 2010 Implementation Plan)

With the widening and toll extension of the SR-91 Exshy

press Lanes to I-15 traffic flows would increase in the

westbound direction from east of I-15 This increased

traffic would result in an increase in overall delay in

both the AM and PM peak period by about four pershy

cent

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 26

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

However while the 2020 model estimates that the

AM peak period also results in overall increase in deshy

lay by about four percent this delay is more than

made up by a significant reduction in delay (reduction

of over 75 percent or over 12000 vehicle-hours delay)

peak period This reduction occurs almost entirely in

the east-bound direction from Imperial Highway to

the Riverside County line This result should be exshy

pected with the toll lane extension eastbound to I-15

Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)

Scenarios 7 and 8 build on Scenarios 5 and 6 by

adding an advanced ramp metering system such as

dynamic or adaptive ramp metering with connector

metering and queue control Queue control ensures

that traffic flow does not exceed the capacity of the

connector at the following locations

SB-57 to WB-91 (widen connector to 3 lanes of storage)

NB-57 to EB-91 (widen connector to 2 lanes of storage)

NB-55 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to WB-91 (no widening)

NB-241 to EB-91 (no widening at maximum allowshyable rate to flow)

SB-5 to EB-91 (no widening)

NB-5 to WB-91 (no widening)

Meter all HOV bypass ramps

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately five pershy

cent in the AM peak period and minimal impact in

the PM peak period The 2020 model estimates that

advanced ramp metering would reduce delay by as

much as 18 percent in the AM peak period (with the

largest mobility improvements from Truck Scales to

SR-55) and 3 percent in the PM peak period Ramp

metering has less impact on the PM peak period beshy

cause there is very little freeway congestion

Note that there are various types of advanced ramp

metering systems deployed around the world includshy

ing the System-wide Adaptive Ramp Metering Sysshy

tem (SWARM) tested on Los Angeles I-210 freeway

corridor For the SR-91 modeling purposes the Asshy

servissement Lineaire drsquoEntreacutee Autoroutiere

(ALINEA) system was tested as a proxy for any adshy

vanced ramp metering system as its algorithm for

the model was readily available It is however not

necessarily recommended that ALINEA be deployed

but rather some type of advanced ramp metering

system that would produce similar if not better reshy

sults

Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Man-agement System)

The study team tested two incident scenarios built

upon the Scenario 4 network to evaluate nonshy

recurrent delay reductions resulting from enhanced

incident management strategies In the first scenario

(Scenario 9) a collision incident with one outside

lane closure was simulated in the westbound direcshy

tion in the AM peak period model and in the eastshy

bound direction in the PM peak period model The

incident simulation location and duration were seshy

lected based on a review of the actual 2010 incident

data at one of the high-frequency incident locations

The following are the scenario details

Westbound AM Peak Period starting at 700 AM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R102 (west of Lakeview Avenue)

Eastbound PM Peak Period starting at 400 PM close outermost mainline lane for 35 minutes at postmile R188 (at Green River)

This scenario represents a typical moderate incident

at one location during each peak direction period

Data suggest that incidents vary significantly in

terms of impact and duration Some incidents last

hundreds of minutes some close multiple lanes and

some occur at multiple locations simultaneously

There are also numerous minor incidents lasting only

a few minutes without lane closures yet still resulting

in congestion In addition there are many incidents

occurring during off-peak hours

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 27

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Based on actual Caltrans incident management

data it is estimated that an enhanced incident manshy

agement system could reduce a 35-minute incident

by about 10 minutes An enhanced incident manshy

agement system would entail upgrading or enhancshy

ing the current Caltrans incident management sysshy

tem that includes deployment of intelligent transporshy

tation system (ITS) field devices central control

communications software communications medium

(ie fiber optic lines) advanced traveler information

system andor freeway service patrol (FSP) program

to reduce incident detection verification response

and clearance times

In the second scenario (Scenario 10) the study team

simulated the same collisions with a 10-minute reshy

duction in duration to determine the benefits of an

enhanced incident management system

The model results indicate that deployment of such a

system could eliminate approximately 1500 vehicleshy

hours delay in the eastbound direction and nearly

3500 vehicle-hours of delay in the westbound direcshy

tion using 2020 demand These results reflect beneshy

fits realized during the peak direction period Addishy

tional benefits would be realized during off-peak

hours and in the off-peak direction

Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connec-tors)

Scenarios 11 and 12 build on Scenarios 7 and 8 and

include a planned project to add direct HOVHOT

connectors at

Northbound SR-241 to eastbound SR-91

Westbound SR-91 to southbound SR-241

The 2007 model estimates that this project would

reduce delay by about two percent in the AM peak

period and four percent in the PM peak period The

2020 model estimates that Scenario 12 would result

in reduction in delay by as much as 19 percent in the

PM peak period with minimal impact in the AM peak

period

Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Ex-pansion)

Scenario 13 builds on Scenarios 12 by adding the

following planned long-range capital expansion proshy

jects

Adding one general purpose lane in each direcshytion from SR-57 to SR-55

Reconstructing the SR-55 interchange restriping existing lanes modifying SR-55 connectors to SR-91 and adding a flyover connector from WB SR-91 to SB SR-55

The 2020 model estimates that this project would

produce a delay reduction of approximately 15 pershy

cent in the AM peak period and 15 percent in the PM

peak period This is a total reduction in delay of

about 3000 vehicle-hours

Post Scenario 13 Conditions

By 2020 with the inclusion of projects from Scenario

1 to Scenario 13 the model reveals some residual

congestion that remains to address with future imshy

provements According to the model results the

total remaining delay on the corridor is less than

10000 daily vehicle-hours with no bottleneck area

segment exceeding 1000 vehicle-hours in either

direction during either peak period

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 28

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

(P

eak

Per

iod

Veh

icle

-Ho

urs

)

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-

‐44

0 ‐7 4

‐5

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐2

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐78

‐10 ‐7 4 0

‐4

S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-22 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007) D

elay

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S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct

Toll WB

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Exhibit ES-23 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay Results by Scenario (2007)

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‐10 ‐7 4 0

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S1 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S1A - S1 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S3 - S1A+HOV Continuous Access S5 - S3+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S7 - S5+Advanced Ramp Metering S11 - S7+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors

Base Year S1 S1A S3 S5 S7 S11

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 29

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

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‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-24 AM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

-

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB

HOV WB

SR-91 WB

Toll EB

HOV EB

SR-91 EB

Ramps

Arterials

‐60

0 0 4

‐18

0 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13 Year

Exhibit ES-25 PM Peak Micro-Simulation Delay by Scenario (2020)

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10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Del

ay (

Pea

k P

erio

d V

ehic

le-H

ou

rs)

Toll WB HOV WB SR-91 WB Toll EB HOV EB SR-91 EB Ramps Arterials

‐54

‐19 8 ‐75

‐3 ‐19 ‐15

S2 - Fully FundedCommitted Projects S2A - S2 wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup S4 - S2A+HOV Continuous Access S6 - S4+Gypsum Cyn IC+Toll Lane ext I-15 S8 - S6+Advanced Ramp Metering S12 - S8+SR-241 HOVHOT Direct Connectors S13 - S12+Capital Expansion

Horizon Year S2 S2a S4 S6 S8 S12 S13

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 30

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane conversion to con-

Following an in-depth review of the model results

the study team developed a benefit-cost analysis for

tinuous access) produce a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 but the full benefits appear in later scenarios after the Gypsum Canyon bottleneck is

each scenario The benefit-cost results represent relieved the incremental benefits over the incremental costs

of a given scenario Scenarios 5 and 6 (planned short-range impleshymentation projects) produce a benefit-cost ratio of

The study team used the California Benefit-Cost over 41 The BC ratio is lowered by the high cost

Model (Cal-BC) developed by Caltrans to estimate of the toll lane extension

benefits in three key areas travel time savings veshy Scenarios 7 and 8 (advanced ramp metering with hicle operating cost savings and emission reduction connector metering) produce a benefit-cost ratio of savings The results are conservative since this nearly 51 analysis does not capture benefits after the 20-year Scenarios 11 and 12 (direct HOVHOT connecshylifecycle or other benefits such as the reduction in tors) produces a low ratio of below 1 due mainly congestion beyond the peak periods and improveshy to the high cost and benefits limited to a point locashyment in transit travel times tion in the corridor Consistent with standard bene-

Project costs were obtained from various sources

including the RTIP OCTArsquos Long Range Plan (LRP)

fit-cost methodology toll revenue is not included in the benefit-cost calculation

and Caltrans project planning Costs for the adshy Scenario 13 (capital expansion project) produces

vanced ramp and connector ramp metering include a BC of less than 1 mainly due to the high cost

widening to accommodate the connector meters and limited benefits from nominal remaining conshy

within the Statersquos right-of-way but not the acquisition gestion to reduce

of new right-of-way A benefit-cost ratio (BC) The benefit-cost ratio of all the scenarios comshy

greater than 1 means that a scenarios projects reshy bined is about 31 If all the projects are delivered

turn benefits greater than they cost to construct or at current cost estimates the public will get three

implement It is important to consider the total beneshy

fits that a project brings The BC results are shown

dollars of benefits for each dollar expended In current dollars costs add to around $18 billion whereas the benefits are estimated to be almost

in Exhibit ES-26 $50 billion

The benefit-cost findings for each scenario are as follows The projects also alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG)

Scenarios 1 and 2 (completed or fully funded proshygrammed projects) produce a high BC ratio of over 101

emissions by over 33 million tons over 20 years averaging nearly 165000 tons reduced per year The emissions reductions are estimated in Cal-B C using data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Emissions Factors (EMFAC) model

Exhibit ES-26 Scenario BenefitCost (BC) Results

Scenario Scenario Description

BenefitCost Ranges

Low Medium Medium‐High High Very High

lt1 ge1 and lt2 ge2 and lt5 ge5 and lt10 gt10

12 Fully‐funded and committed projects wo SR‐57 off‐ramp queue backup

34 HOV conversion to continuous access

56 Gypsum Cyn IC + Toll Lane ext I‐15

78 Advanced ramp metering

1112 HOVHOT direct connectors

13 Capital Expansion (Add 1 GP from SR57 to SR55+SR55 IC)

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 31

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 15000013 EncodeMonoImages true13 MonoImageFilter CCITTFaxEncode13 MonoImageDict ltlt13 K -113 gtgt13 AllowPSXObjects false13 CheckCompliance [13 None13 ]13 PDFX1aCheck false13 PDFX3Check false13 PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false13 PDFXNoTrimBoxError true13 PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true13 PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [13 00000013 00000013 00000013 00000013 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()13 PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()13 PDFXOutputCondition ()13 PDFXRegistryName ()13 PDFXTrapped False1313 CreateJDFFile false13 Description ltlt13 ARA 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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN 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C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

7 Conclusions and Recommendations This section summarizes the conclusions and recshy

ommendations based on the analysis presented

Many of these conclusions are based on the microshy

simulation model results The model was developed

based on the best data available at the time After a

thorough and careful review of each incremental

step and analysis the study team believes that both

the calibration and the scenario results are reasonshy

able and allow for more informed decision-making

However caution should always be used when makshy

ing decisions based on modeling alone There are

engineering and professional judgment and experishy

ence among other technical factors to take into conshy

sideration in making the most effective project decishy

sions that affect millions if not billions of dollars in

investment Project decisions are based on a combishy

nation of regional and inter-regional plans and

needs regional and local acceptance for the project

availability of funding planning and engineering reshy

quirements

Based on these results the study team offers the

following conclusions and recommendations

Although the costs of completed or programmed and committed projects (including CMIA) in Sceshynarios 1 and 2 are high at over $350 million comshybined the model results indicate that benefits could outweigh costs by over 101 with benefits exceeding $35 billion over a 20-year lifecycle These projects produce significant returns on investment

The benefit-cost ratios for other scenarios range from low to moderate Low-cost improvements such as advanced ramp metering with connector metering seem to show relatively reasonable investment results Other improvements may need to consider other factors

Enhanced incident management shows promise Over the course of a year the delay savings could be substantial when both peak and offshypeak benefits are considered

There is very little noticeable congestion by year 2020 after all of the scenarios are implemented A small amount of congestion at Gypsum Canshyyon on-ramp remains in the eastbound direction in the PM peak period Westbound three AM period congested locations remain at Gypsum Canyon Road State College Boulevard and Brookhurst Street Since the CSMP horizon year model is for 2020 further study or other methodology may be needed to assess the benefits of addressing demand beyond 2020

This is the first-generation CSMP for the SR-91 corrishy

dor It is important to emphasize that CSMPs should

be updated on a regular basis if possible This is

particularly important since traffic conditions and patshy

terns can differ from current projections After proshy

jects are delivered it is also useful to compare actual

results with estimated ones in this document so that

models can be further improved as appropriate

CSMPs or some variation should become the norshy

mal course of business that includes detailed pershy

formance assessments an in-depth understanding

of the reasons for performance deterioration and an

analytical framework that allows for evaluating comshy

plementary operational strategies that maximize sysshy

tem productivity

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 32

District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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 DEU ltFEFF00560065007200770065006e00640065006e0020005300690065002000640069006500730065002000450069006e007300740065006c006c0075006e00670065006e0020007a0075006d002000450072007300740065006c006c0065006e00200076006f006e002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0044006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e002c00200076006f006e002000640065006e0065006e002000530069006500200068006f006300680077006500720074006900670065002000500072006500700072006500730073002d0044007200750063006b0065002000650072007a0065007500670065006e0020006d00f60063006800740065006e002e002000450072007300740065006c006c007400650020005000440046002d0044006f006b0075006d0065006e007400650020006b00f6006e006e0065006e0020006d006900740020004100630072006f00620061007400200075006e0064002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f0064006500720020006800f600680065007200200067006500f600660066006e00650074002000770065007200640065006e002egt13 ESP 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 ETI ltFEFF004b00610073007500740061006700650020006e0065006900640020007300e4007400740065006900640020006b00760061006c006900740065006500740073006500200074007200fc006b006900650065006c007300650020007000720069006e00740069006d0069007300650020006a0061006f006b007300200073006f00620069006c0069006b0065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740069006400650020006c006f006f006d006900730065006b0073002e00200020004c006f006f0064007500640020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065002000730061006100740065002000610076006100640061002000700072006f006700720061006d006d006900640065006700610020004100630072006f0062006100740020006e0069006e0067002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006a00610020007500750065006d006100740065002000760065007200730069006f006f006e00690064006500670061002e000d000agt13 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN ltFEFF004b0069007600e1006c00f30020006d0069006e0151007300e9006701710020006e0079006f006d00640061006900200065006c0151006b00e90073007a00ed007401510020006e0079006f006d00740061007400e100730068006f007a0020006c006500670069006e006b00e1006200620020006d0065006700660065006c0065006c0151002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b0061007400200065007a0065006b006b0065006c0020006100200062006500e1006c006c00ed007400e10073006f006b006b0061006c0020006b00e90073007a00ed0074006800650074002e0020002000410020006c00e90074007200650068006f007a006f00740074002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b00200061007a0020004100630072006f006200610074002000e9007300200061007a002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002c0020007600610067007900200061007a002000610074007400f3006c0020006b00e9007301510062006200690020007600650072007a006900f3006b006b0061006c0020006e00790069007400680061007400f3006b0020006d00650067002egt13 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

Sponsor

Rvan Chamberlain 1eputy Director - Planning

-----

Coordinator -Transportation Planning amp Project Management

LanZhou

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

Project Manager

LanZhou Chief - Corridor amp System Management

Backup PM Lee Haber

Sponsor

James Pinheiro Deputy Director- Operations amp Maintenance

Coordinator- Operations amp Maintenance

Farid Nowshiravan

Task Managers

Functional Branch Chiefs

Team Members

Staff

C S M P E x e c u t i v e S u m m a r y

Exhibit ES-27 District 12 CSMP Team Organization Chart

S T A T E R O U T E 9 1 c o r r i d o r s y s t e m m a n a g e m e n t p l a n 33

  • 1 Introduction13
  • 2 Background13
  • 3 Stakeholder Involvement13
  • 4 Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Corridor Description13
  • Corridor Performance Assessment13
  • Mobility13
  • Reliability13
  • Safety13
  • Productivity13
  • 5 Bottleneck Identification and13
  • Causality Analysis13
  • Traffic Model Development13
  • 6 Scenario Development and Analysis13
  • Scenario Development Framework13
  • Scenario Evaluation Results13
  • 2007 Base Year and 2020 ldquoDo Minimumrdquo Horizon Year13
  • Scenarios 1 and 2 (Fully Funded and Committed Projects)13
  • Scenarios 1A and 2A (Programmed Projects wo SR-57 Off-Ramp Queue Backup)13
  • Scenarios 3 and 4 (HOV lane Conversion to Continuous Access)13
  • Scenarios 5 and 6 (Planned Short-Range Implementation Projects)13
  • Scenarios 7 and 8 (Advanced Ramp Metering System with Connector Metering)13
  • Scenarios 9 and 10 (Enhanced Incident Management System)13
  • Scenarios 11 and 12 (Direct HOVHOT Connectors)13
  • Scenario 13 (Planned Long-Range Capital Expansion)13
  • Post Scenario 13 Conditions13
  • Benefit-Cost Analysis13
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations13
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HEB 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HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama)13 HUN ltFEFF004b0069007600e1006c00f30020006d0069006e0151007300e9006701710020006e0079006f006d00640061006900200065006c0151006b00e90073007a00ed007401510020006e0079006f006d00740061007400e100730068006f007a0020006c006500670069006e006b00e1006200620020006d0065006700660065006c0065006c0151002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b0061007400200065007a0065006b006b0065006c0020006100200062006500e1006c006c00ed007400e10073006f006b006b0061006c0020006b00e90073007a00ed0074006800650074002e0020002000410020006c00e90074007200650068006f007a006f00740074002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740075006d006f006b00200061007a0020004100630072006f006200610074002000e9007300200061007a002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002c0020007600610067007900200061007a002000610074007400f3006c0020006b00e9007301510062006200690020007600650072007a006900f3006b006b0061006c0020006e00790069007400680061007400f3006b0020006d00650067002egt13 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt13 KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt13 LTH 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger)13 NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 RUM 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 RUS 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 SUO 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 SVE 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 TUR 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 UKR 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 ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 50 and later)13 gtgt13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (Common)13 (10)13 ]13 OtherNamespaces [13 ltlt13 AsReaderSpreads false13 CropImagesToFrames true13 ErrorControl WarnAndContinue13 FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false13 IncludeGuidesGrids false13 IncludeNonPrinting false13 IncludeSlug false13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (InDesign)13 (40)13 ]13 OmitPlacedBitmaps false13 OmitPlacedEPS false13 OmitPlacedPDF false13 SimulateOverprint Legacy13 gtgt13 ltlt13 AddBleedMarks false13 AddColorBars false13 AddCropMarks false13 AddPageInfo false13 AddRegMarks false13 ConvertColors ConvertToCMYK13 DestinationProfileName ()13 DestinationProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 Downsample16BitImages true13 FlattenerPreset ltlt13 PresetSelector MediumResolution13 gtgt13 FormElements false13 GenerateStructure false13 IncludeBookmarks false13 IncludeHyperlinks false13 IncludeInteractive false13 IncludeLayers false13 IncludeProfiles false13 MultimediaHandling UseObjectSettings13 Namespace [13 (Adobe)13 (CreativeSuite)13 (20)13 ]13 PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector DocumentCMYK13 PreserveEditing true13 UntaggedCMYKHandling LeaveUntagged13 UntaggedRGBHandling UseDocumentProfile13 UseDocumentBleed false13 gtgt13 ]13gtgt setdistillerparams13ltlt13 HWResolution [2400 2400]13 PageSize [612000 792000]13gtgt setpagedevice13