States of Matter Chapter 6 Page 154. Standards we are covering SPI 0807.9.6 Compare the particle...
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States of Matter Chapter 6 Page 154. Standards we are covering SPI 0807.9.6 Compare the particle arrangement and type of particle motion associated with
Standards we are covering SPI 0807.9.6 Compare the particle
arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different
states of matter.
Slide 3
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate. If something is underlined it is a note and is
expected to be in your Science notebook.
Slide 4
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate. -Example of indent.
Slide 5
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics
Slide 6
What is matter? Matter Anything has mass and takes up space
(volume). The term matter describes all of the physical substances
around us: your desk, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth. All
matter has energy some forms of matter have more than others
Slide 7
Matter Matter Anything has mass and takes up space (touch-
ability).
Slide 8
The Four States of Matter There are four states of matter. They
are: Solids: Table, Wall, Chair, Desk, etc. Liquids: Water,
Mountain Dew, Coke
Slide 9
4 States of Matter Gases: Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Propane,
Natural Gas Plasma: Lightning, Stars, Comet Tails, Fireballs made
by Nuclear Weapons
Slide 10
First Phase of Matter - Solids Solids are packed very close
together in a definite shape, volume, and structure. These
atoms/molecules have low energy because the molecules vibrate
slightly in place. These atoms/molecules have a high density
because they are packed tightly together in a pattern.
Slide 11
Solids The particles are close together and vibrate. They do
move but not very far Its hard to build up any force when you cant
move so energy stays low in solids. A solid does not take the shape
of a container in which it is placed.
Slide 12
2 Different Types of Solids Crystalline Have patterns in their
atoms. Amorphous Is still a solid, but no particular
arrangement.
Slide 13
Slide 14
Characteristics of Solids Solids. have a very high density.
have low energy (because they can hardly move). dont take the shape
of a container when they are placed in a container. have particles
in them that are close together and vibrate. are matter with a
definite shape and volume.
Slide 15
Second Phase of Matter - Liquid Liquids: Molecules not as close
together as solids, but still have an attraction to each other.
Liquids have no definite structure this means they will take the
shape of whatever container they are put in.
Slide 16
Phase of Matter - Liquid Liquids have more energy than solids
because their atoms/molecules move around more. Liquids have a
lower density than solids but a higher density than gases.
Slide 17
Liquid A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no
definite shape. Liquid takes the shape of the container you place
it in.
Slide 18
Liquid The volume of a liquid, however, is the same no matter
what the shape of the container. Particles are further apart, and
can move freely. More energy than a solid, less than a gas.
Slide 19
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Viscosity A liquids resistance to flow is known as the liquids
viscosity. The slower a liquid flows, the higher its viscosity is.
For many liquids, viscosity increases as the liquid becomes
colder.
Slide 21
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Surface Tension Surface Tension A force in liquids that allows
it to resist items of light weight.
Slide 23
Characteristics of Liquids Liquids .have molecules not as close
together as solids. .have more energy than solids because their
atoms/molecules are allowed to move around more. .have a lower
density then solids, but a higher density than gases. .will take
the shape of whatever container they are put in.
Slide 24
More Characteristics of Liquids Liquids have surface tensions.
Surface Tension A force in liquids that allows it to resist items
not as dense as the liquid. are subject to viscosity. Viscosity A
liquids resistance / friction to flow.
Slide 25
So far Solids Low energy because particles are so close
together. High density because particles are close together. Wont
take the shape of what you put it in. Fixed Shape Add heat to get a
liquid. Liquids Higher energy than solids because there is some
room to move around. Lower density than solids. Will take the shape
of whatever you put it in. Add heat to get a gas.
Slide 26
Third Phase of Matter - Gas Gas: Molecules spaced very far
apart from each other. Gas molecules do not have a definite
structure. They will take the structure or shape of their
surroundings. Gas molecules have lots of energy. They are
constantly moving around and bumping into each other.
(Diffusion)
Slide 27
Phase of Matter - Gas Because gas particles have more room in-
between them they can transfer energy as they collide with one
another. (Sound Energy) Gas particles have a low density because
they are not packed very close to one another.
Slide 28
Gas Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or
volume. The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a
liquid or solid. Gas particles move at high speeds in all
directions.
Slide 29
Volume A measure of size in 3 dimensions. Length Width
Height.
Slide 30
Pressure The amount of force put on an area A characteristic of
a gas is that he can be pressurized Basketball Football Tires
Slide 31
Boyles Law When you place pressure on a gas the volume
decreases by the same amount that you put pressure
Slide 32
Charless Law The volume of the gas depends on the temperature.
Tires getting deflated in winter
Slide 33
Slide 34
Vapor Matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a
liquid or solid at room temperature is called vapor. Water, for
example, is a liquid at room temperature. Thus, water vapor is the
term for the gas state of water. Picture from
http://www.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id=88425&articleTypeId
=0
http://www.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id=88425&articleTypeId
=0
Slide 35
Characteristics of Gases Gases do not have a definite shape or
volume. are high energy because they can move around a lot. have
molecules that are very far apart unlike liquids and solids. have a
very low density because they arent packed in together. move at
high speeds and in all directions.
Slide 36
Fourth Phase of Matter - Plasma Plasma: Molecules have very
high energy. These molecules are moving around rapidly. Very rare
state of matter. Lightning, stars, really hot fire, etc. are made
up of plasma.
Slide 37
Plasma Characteristics Plasma molecules have an incredibly high
energy. consist of items such as stars, lightning, and other highly
explosive elements.
Slide 38
Adding and taking away When you add energy/heat to matter the
particles move faster and the matter expands. Solids -> Liquids
-> Gases When you take away energy/heat from matter the
particles move slower and the matter contracts. Gases - >
Liquids -> Solids
Slide 39
Temperature Temperature can affect how the particles in a state
of matter move. The higher the temperature, the more active the
particles are.
Slide 40
Slide 41
Energy and the Motion of Molecules Molecules in a solid are
tightly packed together. There is very little movement but there is
some. Molecules in a liquid are packed closely together so they can
flow. Molecules in a gas are much further apart.
Slide 42
Shape when put into a container Solids do not take the shape of
the container they are put in. Liquids and Gases assumes the shape
of the container that they are placed in.
Slide 43
Kinetic Molecular Theory: Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 44
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 45
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 46
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 47
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 48
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 49
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 50
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 51
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 52
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 53
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 54
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 55
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 56
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 57
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 58
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 59
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 60
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 61
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 62
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 63
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy
Slide 64
Kinetic Molecular Theory: The molecules are in constant motion.
This motion is different for the states of matter. Copyright 2010
Ryan P. Murphy Kinetic Molecular Theory. Learn More:
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/kineticmoleculartheory/basicconcepts.
http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/kineticmoleculartheory/basicconcepts.
Slide 65
Based on the video, which is a solid, liquid, and gas.
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Slide 77
Phase Change A phase change is when you go from one state of
matter to another. Phase changes usually occur because you are
either adding energy to a system and therefore causing the
molecules to speed up or you are taking energy away from a system
and causing molecules to slow down. If I go from a solid to a
liquid are the molecules gaining energy or losing energy?
Slide 78
Phase Change - Melting Melting: Going from a solid to a liquid.
The molecules are gaining more energy as they speed up. Examples:
Snowman melting and an ice cube melting in your Mountain Dew making
it taste watery.
Slide 79
Phase Change - Evaporation Evaporation: Matter goes from a
liquid to a gas. Molecules speed up even more. They are less dense
because there is more space in between them. Example: Puddle of
water forms after it rains but eventually it evaporates into
moisture in the air.
Slide 80
Phases Changes - Sublimation Material goes directly from a
solid to a gas and skips the liquid phase. Sublimation occurs when
really cold areas heat up quickly. Example: Dry Ice or snow
sublimating on a mountain top.
Slide 81
Phase Changes-Condensation Condensation: Material goes from a
gas to a liquid. The molecules are slowing down and therefore
losing energy. Think about condensation on a glass. Warm air
particles in the gas phase come in contact with a cold substance.
The cold substance causes the air particles to slow down or lose
energy and therefore condense into a liquid.
Slide 82
Phase Changes - Freezing Freezing: Going from a liquid to a
solid. The molecules are losing energy and becoming more dense.
Examples: Putting ice in the freezer. Frozen frost on the ground
when you wake up in the morning.
Slide 83
Phase Changes - Deposition Going directly from a gas to a solid
this skips the liquid phase. Molecules rapidly slow down and
increase in density. Example: Water particles in the air being
frozen directly onto a car window forming a solid sheet of
ice.
Slide 84
Phase Change Diagram
Slide 85
Video Link! (Optional) Khan Academy, States of Matter
(Advanced) http://www.khanacademy.org/video/states-of-
matter?playlist=Chemistry
http://www.khanacademy.org/video/states-of-
matter?playlist=Chemistry
Slide 86
Video Short! The three states of matter. A good review before
the quiz. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-KvoVzukHo
Slide 87
What makes up all of this matter? All matter is made up of
atoms. Atoms are the building blocks of matter, just like bricks
are the building blocks of houses.
Slide 88
ASSESSMENT
Slide 89
TCAP Question Julie is learning about the states of matter by
going through her home and identifying different states of matter.
She should identify her shampoo as a: plasma. gas. liquid.
solid.
Slide 90
TCAP Question Based on the behavior of matter, which of these
would take the shape of the open container it was placed in? Solid
Liquid Gas Plasma
Slide 91
TCAP Question A piece of chocolate is left in a hot car. What
process causes the chocolate to become soft? Condensation
Vaporization Freezing Melting
Slide 92
TCAP Question Condensation happens when a gas changes into a
liquid. Which of these is an example of condensation? water vapor
turning to rain water vapor turning to snow a pond melting in the
spring a pond freezing in the winter
Slide 93
TCAP Question What determines a materials state of matter?
viscosity and density of the particles the arrangement of particles
into a cube the motion of particles and the strength of attraction
between them the surface tension of the particles
Slide 94
TCAP Question Which of the following is NOT an example of
matter? Water Sunlight Air Wood
Slide 95
TCAP Question Arrange the states of matter from the least
amount of energy to the most amount of energy. Liquids Gases
Solids
Slide 96
TCAP Question Arrange the states of matter from the least
amount of particle movement to the most amount of particle
movement. Liquids Gases Solids
Slide 97
TCAP Question Which item has the least amount of viscosity?
Water Corn Syrup Honey Motor Oil