States of Matter Write the letter(s) on the line that matches the description.

1) Strongest attraction between particles: 2) Takes the shape of it’s container: and 3) Has free moving particles: and 4) Is a liquid: gas: solid: 5) Represents melting: to 6) Represents deposing: to 7) Represents particles close together but with free movement: . 8) Represents an increase in energy: to ,

or to , or to

Phase Changes 1) The three phase changes that require energy to occur are:

, , and . 2) What phase change occurs when a solid turns to gas? . 3) What phase change occurs from point A to point B on the diagram?

4) What phase change occurs from point C to point A? .

5) What phase change occurs from point B to point D? . 6) Condensing occurs when the sub-stance travels from point to point . 7) An increase in energy occurs from a) point C to point A b) point D to point B c) point A to point C d) point B to point A

Phase Diagrams 1) a) triple point

b) critical point c) normal boiling point d) normal freezing point

2) Letter represents the solid phase. Letter represents the liquid phase. And represents the gas phase.

3) Point N corresponds to the point. 4) Point Q corresponds to the point. 5) For water, as pressure decreases, the freezing point . 6) For water, as pressure increases, the boiling point . 7) What is the normal freezing point of water in Celsius? 8) What is the normal boiling point of water in Celsius? 9) Explain why water boils in a vacuum chamber at room temperature.

Gas Pressure, KMT and Temperature 1) What are the 3 basic rules of kinetic molecular theory?

2) What is gas pressure? What’s used to measure it?

3) What are the conversion factors for pressure? atm = psi = kPa = mmHg = torr

4) What happens at absolute zero?

5) What is absolute zero in Kelvin? In Celsius? 6) What is STP? atm and °C 7) How does the drinking bird work?

8) How does the hand boiler work?

DEF

INE

B

A C A C

A C B A B

C B A

A C B A B C

melting evaporating subliming

subliming

melting

deposing

evaporating

D B

Point where all 3 phases coexist

Pt after which liquid no longer exists

Boiling pt at 1 atm

Freezing pt at 1 atm P T

R triple

critical decreases

increases

1) Gas is made of particles. 2) Particles move in constant, random

motion. 3) Collisions are perfectly elastic.

Force exerted per unit area barometer

1 14.7 101.3 760 760

All matter stops moving

0 K -273°C 1 0

0°C

100°C

As pressure decreases, boiling pt decreases, so water boils inside jar.

Bird: see article.

Boiler: vapor pressure increases as temp increases, VP pushes down on

liquid, so liquid travels up to top bulb

Gas Laws 1) Complete the table:

2) Gases deviate from ideal behavior at temperatures and pressures.

Applying Gas Laws—Demos 1) Explain what happened to the hot can when moved to the ice water

using gas laws.

2) Explain what happened to the marshmallow when placed in the vacuum chamber (bell jar) using gas laws.

3) Explain what happened to the ivory soap when placed in the microwave using gas laws.

Gas Law Problems

1) How many grams of an ideal sample of CO2 at a temperature of -148.03°C and a pressure of 16.8 psi has a volume of 4.50 L?

2) Using the reaction C3H8 + 5O2 —> 3CO2 + 4H2O, at STP how many L of H2O are produced from 45 L O2?

3) A gas sample at 3040 mmHg and 8.0 L is compressed to 2.0 L, at constant temperature. What’s the new pressure of the sample?

4) A gas sample of Ne was collected over water at 24°C. The total pressure is 31.69 kPa. What is Neon’s partial pressure in kPa?

5) A gas at 300. mL and 25°C is expanded 600. mL, at constant pres-sure. What is the new temperature (in °C) of the gas?

Gas Law Problems **continued**

6) How many moles are in 67.2 L of a gas at STP?

7) A 0.5 L gas sample is at STP. What would the new temperature (in Celsius) be if it is expanded to 1.00 L at 1.5 atm?

8) Using the reaction C3H8 + 5O2 —> 3CO2 + 4H2O, an ideal gas sample of 45 L of O2 at 45°C and 19.2 psi, would be used to make how many molecules of H2O?

9) An ideal gas sample of 45.9 g of CO2 at STP is heated to 39°C at a pressure of 798 mmHg. Determine the new volume (in L).

10) A gas at 28oC fills a balloon to 1.80 Liters. The balloon is compressed to 950 mL at constant pressure. What’s the new temperature of the gas in the balloon in oC?

**Do not round or cut to sig figs until your final answer. Report all answers with 4 significant figures!**

T ↓ so P↓, and the can collapses on itself because outside P is higher

than the P in the can, according to Gay-Lussac’s Law

Vacuum pump causes P to ↓ and as P↓ V↑ so the marshmallow

expands according to Boyle’s

V will ↑, because T↑ so the air in the soap expands, according to

Charles’ Law

22.06 g CO2

36.00 L H2O

12,160 mmHg

28.71 kPa

3.000 mol

546.0°C

1.085 x 1024 molecules H2O

25.44 L

-114.1°C 323.0°C

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