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3.5 Bar Diagrams

1) Simple 'Bar diagram':- It represents only one variable. For example sales, production,population figures etc. for various years may be shown by simple bar charts. Since these are of

the same width and vary only in heights ( or lengths ), it becomes very easy for readers to study

the relationship. Simple bar diagrams are very popular in practice. A bar chart can be eithervertical or horizontal; vertical bars are more popular.

Illustration :- The followingtablegives the birth rate per thousand of different countries over acertain period of time.

Country Birth rate Country Birth rate

IndiaGermany

U. K.

3315

20

ChinaNew Zealand

Sweden

4030

15

Represent the abovedataby a suitable diagram.

Comparing the size of bars, you can easily see that China's birth rate is the highest whileGermany and Sweden equal in the lowest positions. Such diagrams are also known as component

bar diagrams.

2) Sub - divided Bar Diagram:-While constructing such a diagram, the various components in

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each bar should be kept in the same order. Acommonand helpful arrangement is that of

presenting each bar in the order of magnitude with the largest component at the bottom and thesmallest at the top. The components are shown with different shades or colors with a proper

index.

Illustration:-During 1968 - 71, the number of students in University ' X ' are as follows.Represent the data by a similar diagram.

Year Arts Science Law Total

1968-69 20,000 10,000 5,000 35,000

1969-70 26,000 9,000 7,000 42,000

1970-71 31,000 9,500 7,500 48,000

3) Multiple Bar Diagram:- This method can be used for data which is made up of

two or more components. In this method the components are shown as separate

adjoining bars. The height of each bar represents the actual value of the component.The components are shown by different shades orcolors.Where changes in actual

values of component figures only are required, multiple bar charts are used.

Illustration:- Thetablebelow gives data relating to the exports and imports of acertain country X ( in thousands of dollars ) during the four years ending in 1930 - 31.

Year Export Import

1927 - 28 319 2501928 - 29 339 263

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1929 - 30 345 258

1930 - 31 308 206

Represent the data by a suitablediagram

4) Deviation Bar Charts:- Deviation bars are used to represent net quantities - excess

or deficit i.e. net profit, net loss, net exports or imports, swings in voting etc. Suchbars have both positive and negative values. Positive values lie above the base line

and negative values lie below it.

Illustration:-

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Years Sales Net profits

1985 - 861986 - 87

1987 - 88

10%14%

12%

50%-20

-10%

Present the above data by a suitable diagram showing the sales and net profits of priv

ate industrialcompanies.

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