Statistika(intro. to Statistics)

What is Statistics?

We muddle through life Making choices based onIncomplete information

What is Statistics?

We muddle through life Making choices based onIncomplete information

What is Statistics?

This is not just a matterof ordering soup!Statistics also Involves matters ofLife and Death

The Population and The Sample

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Ex. mean, median, modus, etc.

Ex. hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, corelation, regression, etc.

Variables and Data

Ex. body temperature is a variable that changes over time within a single individual; it also varies from person to person. Religious affiliation, ethnic origin, income, height, age, and number of offspring are all variables—characteristics that vary depending on the individual chosen.

Variables and Data

Ex. body temperature is a variable that changes over time within a single individual; it also varies from person to person. Religious affiliation, ethnic origin, income, height, age, and number of offspring are all variables—characteristics that vary depending on the individual chosen.

Variables and Data

There are several variables in this example. The experimental unit on which the variables are measured is a particular undergraduate student on the campus, identified in column A. Five variables are measured for each student: grade point average (GPA), gender, year in college, major, and current number of units enrolled. If we consider the GPAs of all students at this university to be the population of interest, the five GPAs in column B represent a sample from this population. If the GPA of each undergraduate student atthe university had been measured, we would have generated the entire population of measurements for this variable.

Variables and Data

Types of Variables

Types of Variables

Types of Variables

References

Gonick, Larry and Woollcott Smith. 1993. The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. Harper Collins Publishers, New York, US.

Mendelhall, William. 2013. Introduction to Probability & Statistics 14th Edition. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Boston, US.

Ross, Sheldon M. 2004. Introduction to Probability and Statistics For Engineers And Scientists 3rd Edition. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK.

Widiyanto, Mikha Agus. 2013. Statistika Terapan : Konsep & Aplikasi SPSS/LISREL dalam Penelitian Pendidikan, Psikologi & Ilmu Sosial lainnya. PT. Elex media Komputindo, Jakarta, Indonesia.