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Status and Issues of Indigenous Women in Nepal. Presentation by Dr. Sumitra Manandhar Gurung November 25, 2008. Ethnographic Map of Nepal. Situation of Indigenous Women. Identity of Indigenous Women and their concerns not well recognized - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Status and Issues of Indigenous Women in Nepal
Presentation by
Dr. Sumitra Manandhar Gurung
November 25, 2008
Ethnographic Map of Nepal
Situation of Indigenous Women Identity of Indigenous Women and their concerns not well recognized
Unreached by Development Processes and denied of basic of Human Rights, i.e. education, health, services,
Data not available to demonstrate how Indigenous Women are affected by conflict or displaced by structure of state, governance
Disparity among different Indigenous women’s groups is also a reality
Democratisation Exclusion from political participation and decision-making Weak access to information and education No recognition of indigenous governance institutions and
decision-making structures. Human rights Severe violations of indigenous peoples´ cultural, economic,
social and political rights. Lack of awareness and attention to human rights abuses against
indigenous peoples. Conflict prevention and resolution
Indigenous peoples disproportionately represented among refugees and internally displaced people.
Denial of indigenous rights among the root causes of conflict and national instability (Guatemala, Nepal, Nicaragua, Bolivia).
Gender equity Indigenous women are marginalised with regard to access to education, health services, political participation etc.
Discriminatory cultural practices in some indigenous societies, e.g. with regard to inheritance rights and participation in governance structures.
Sustainable development
Violation of land and resource rights. Close interconnection between cultural and biological diversity;
special role of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of biodiversity.
Some Notable Achievements from Women’s Movement in recent years:
33 % in Constituent Assembly Citizenship Legal Rights to Property, wife rape.. Bill tabled Violence Against Women Agreement against alcoholism and related
violence 4 million women in different Groups including
Micro-Finance
•In spite of progress made situation of Indigenous Women remains to be unchanged at large An attempt to give a snap shot of the situation of Indigenous Women through data gathered from 35 groups of Indigenous Women representatives
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
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ote
B
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ng
Female Litracy
Status of Literacy Among Indigenous women
Size of population and literacy level varies among different groups
Literacy level is 25% in average for Indigenous women, ranging from 0% to 80%
14% on average have high school level education, 4% have bachelors, and 1% have masters level
It shows that 96% Indigenous Women have lower level of education to enter into decision making level positions in the government
Language barrier inhibits them to get education
0102030405060708090
100
Bar
am
Bho
te
Bhu
jel
Bya
shi
Che
pang
C
hyan
tya
Dan
uwar
Dhi
mal
Dol
poG
anga
i
Gur
ung
Hyl
mo
Jire
l
Kis
an
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ha
Lark
a Li
mbu
Mag
ar
Maj
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echa
Mug
al
New
ar
Pah
ari
Raj
bang
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Raj
i
San
thal
/SS
iyar
Sun
uwar
Taj
puriy
a
Tam
ang
Tha
ru
Tha
kali
Thu
dam
Tok
pago
l
Wal
ung
10-12 Month Pug 7-9 Month Pug 4-6 Month Pug
0-3 Month Pug Hospital T. Healer
Food Sufficiency Among Indigenous Women and Access to Health services/reliance on Traditional healing
Food Sufficiency: 20% or 6/35 groups have food adequate for 3
months in year 11/35 groups (33%) have food adequate for 6
months 15 groups (40%) have food adequate for 6 to 12
months 3/35 groups (8.5%) have food adequate for 12
monthsAccess to Health Service: 10% women get access to health services 90% rely on traditional medicine due to lack of
service and availability of knowledge to cure in some cases
Agriculture/Labour19%
Agri/livestock13%
Agri/weaving22%
Remittance9%
Agri/Trade13%
Agri/Fishing4%
Medicinal/Horticultural
9%
Agri/Teaching4%
Service/ Restaurant5%
Other thanka Mukundo
2%
Survival Occupations of Indigenous Women
Almost all Indigenous Groups’ occupation were agriculture but due to mobility and displacement from traditional lands, survival require resorting to a combination of 3-5 types of works, i.e.
Agriculture, labor works and livestock; agri and weaving, basket making, knitting; agri and fishing, boating; agri and trade, remittances; horticulture and medicinal herbs trade etc.
Very few cases of service and teaching or other white color jobs as occupations of Indigenous women
Representation of Females in CA
67%
6%
4%
1%
33%
11%
11%
Male Female (Brahmin/Chettri) Female (Janajati)
Female (Madhesi) Female (Dalit) Female (Muslims)
Brahmin / Chettri: 65Janajati: 61Madeshi: 37
Dalit: 23Muslims: 04
96.43 4.08
0.76
2.42
0.64
0.25
Male
Female (Brahmin /Chetri)
Female (Janajati)
Female (Madhesi)
Female (Dalit)
Women representation in political party 2006/7
Caste/Ethnicity WiseBrahmin / Chettri: 19
Janajati: 6Madeshi: 5
Dalit: 2
Female Representation in General Service
79%
7%
1%
1%
22%
12%
Male
Female (Brahmin /Chettri)
Female (Janajati)
Female (Madhesi)
Female (Dalit)
Total: 606Male: 475
Female: 131
Female Caste EthnicityWiseBrahmin / Chettri: 73
Janajati: 45Madeshi: 8
Dalit: 5
Situation of Indigenous Women depicts there is violation of UNDRIP:
Art 10, removed from land and territories, Art 14, education system and in own language Art 18, participation in decision making Art 21, right to improve economy, edu, health
and social security..
Recommendations State to develop the system to disaggregate data by
gender/caste and ethnicity at all levels State to develop systems to access education,
health service and resources to promote economic activities for sustaining livelihood of indigenous peoples
State to abide by the commitment to adopt measures that ensures full and effective participation of Indigenous women in the implementation, follow-up work and monitoring of BPfA and MDG
State to ensure proportional representation of Indigenous women in all constitutional and government bodies.