STATUS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN KENYASTATUS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN KENYA

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PRESENTATION TO VLIR-OUS STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION PROCESS: KENYA SEMINAR

KENYA EMBASSY – BRUSSELS 11 SEPTMEBR 2014

Total area : 582,646 Sq km Comparison to the world : N0.49 Land surface area: 569 ,140sq Km Water: 13,506sq km borders Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, Ethiopia

and South Sudan Population: 43,013,341 African rank 7

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Its a sovereign Democratic state. With a multi-party political system. The President ,the Deputy-President and the

cabinet secretaries comprise the executive. The current President H.E Hon. Uhuru

Kenyatta. The Deputy President is Hon. William

Samoei Ruto

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Parameter EAC Countries Kenya

Surface Area (Inc. water)

1.8 million sq. km 582,646 sq km

Population 145 million (2012) 43 Million

Official language English, Kiswahili, and French (Rwanda & Burundi)

English & Kiswahili

Total GDP USD 97.6 billion (2012) USD 45.3 Billion

Av. GDP per capita USD 588 (2012) USD 985

Av. Annual GDP growth

5.78% (2012) USD 4.4 %

Intra EAC trade volume

USD 3.8 billion USD 19.1%

Total exports volume

USD 11 billion USD 6.58 Billion (2012)

Total imports volume

USD 26 billion USD 15.86 Billion

Total investment flow

1.7 billion USD 259 Million

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Top 10 Exports Destination

Top 10 Origin of Imports

Ksh (Million) Percent of

Total Exports

Kshs (Million) Percent of

Total Imports

Uganda 67,450 13.0 India 195,230 14.0

Tanzania 46,036 8.9 China 167,206 12.2

UK 40,630 7.8 UAE 149,879 10.9

Netherlands 31,056 6.0 Saudi Arabia 66,841 4.9

UAE 28,608 5.5 USA 65,966 4.8

USA 26,405 5.1 Japan 63,135 4.6

Pakistan 23,889 4.6 South Africa 61,954 4.5

Egypt 21,464 4.1 Indonesia 55,241 4.0

Rwanda 16,151 3.1 UK 43,849 3.2

Germanys 9,771 1.9 Germany 41,474 3.0

517,847 60.1 1,374,584 66.3 5

YEAR Exports KSH Imports KSH

2008 2,818,351,949 8,285,425,777

2009 3,389,715,327 7,043,971,037

2010 4,158,842,733 7,642,354,882

2011 4,569,310,020 10,715,674,322

2012 5,266,523,209 10,907,242,977

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year Exports million Euros Imports Mil Euros

2009 1,082 1,380

2010 1,112 1,652

2011 1,277 1,692

2012 1,234 1,864

2013 1,140 1,850

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Africa has

Visionary LeadersVision

StrategyPlanLand

Human ResourceTourism

AgricultureMinerals

Why Kenya?

Regional Positioning

Ken

ya’s

C

ompe

titiv

enes

s

Why KENYA

Gateway to Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

Third Largest economy in Africa

Well developed human resources– Kenya ranked 29th globally in Human Resource

Development– 12th in labour flexibility/productivity– Top spender in Research and Development(45% in GDP

Strong entrepreneurial culture

Relatively well developed infrastructure

REVIEW OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SECTOR IN KENYA

- 1970: First Kenyan university- Total enrollment in public universities has

increased from 3,443 students in 1970 to 159,752 students in 2009/2010.

- Transition rate from secondary level to university still remains low.

- 22 public and 9 constituent university colleges.

Distribute page 20-24 EAC statistical fact sheet

University Education in Kenya is governed by Constitution of Kenya 2010Universities Act No. 42 of 2012 and other related Acts of ParliamentAdult Education Act, Higher Education Loans Board Act of 1995State Corporations Act of 2010Public Private Partnership Act of 2013. Guidance is provided through the Sessional Paper No. 14, 2012, Kenya Vision 2030, Second Medium Term Plan 2013-2017, National Strategy for University Education (2008-2015), Public Universities Inspection Report of 2006 (PUIB),Report of the Taskforce on Re-alignment of the Education Sector to the constitution of Kenya 2010, and the Jubilee Manifesto.

• The Instrumental role – assumes universities have a concentration of expertise that should be applied to pressing social problems.

• Engine development notion – focuses on strengthening knowledge and innovation as crucial productive forces without which no country can participate in the global knowledge economy.

• Self governing notion – the university contributes to development indirectly, by among other things, producing high level skills and knowledge.

• Increase in Gross Enrollments Rates:• Attain Equity in University Education

Enrollment that reflects National Diversity.• Removal of inadequate household income

as a barrier to university education by 2022• To improve quality and relevance of

learning and research for National development.

• Attraction and retention of high calibre human resource.

- University education is expensive and requires huge investments by all partners.

- Public universities have to reduce their dependence on the Government by diversifying their sources of income.

- The Government has adopted a mix of the following strategies:

• Introducing or increasing fees or user charges• Establishing lean and efficient management systems• Designing or improving systems of student support• Seeking new sources of private funding• Promoting the growth of private institutions

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

FUNDING

Tuition and Fees

Government Budgetary

Support

Government Funds for Capital

Development

Funding from the Private

Sector

Research Grants, Consultancies and other IGAs

Research Grants

Consultancies

This policy advocates that universities engage in other income generating activities to boost their revenue base, so long as participation in those activities doe not pull resources or detract the universities from their core business.

• The current funding structure for government –sponsored students in public universities is not based on the unit cost for undergraduate programmes but allocated uniformly per student enrolled irrespective of the course a student is pursuing.

• This policy advocates that public universities adopt differentiated unit costs (DUC) based on their individual programmes.

• The introduction of the DUC will eliminate the distinction between the Government-sponsored and self-sponsored students in public universities.

- Undergraduate government scholarships currently administered through the Joint Admission Board (JAB) are restricted to public institutions

- based primarily on the student’s performance.- In order to finance all students who have received

admission to University, the Government scholarships will be progressively reduced and by 2022, only Government loans and bursaries will be available to students.

- This policy also advocates for an increase in the number of post-graduate scholarships available from Government and from the private sector.

- Admissions for self-sponsored undergraduate, as well as all post-graduate at both public and private universities are currently handled directly and solely by the individual institutions.Challenges faced by the current admissions system include:Government scholarships are only available in public institutions.Students often slotted into programmes that they did not opt for.Continued support for programmes which are neither popular nor required in the market.

To increase access, choice and to promote the entire university sector, this policy advocates for the extension of Government scholarships for students to attend the University of their choice, public or private.Based on their performance, students would be able to take up a Government scholarship at their university of choice.

The Government will establish a national, centrally coordinated student admission process to ensure that quality students are admitted into universities and colleges.The universities may also individually recruit additional students into programmes that may not have been filled through the centralized admissions.

This policy advocates for a coordinated career guidance programme, and dissemination of adequate information to students and schools, to promote informed programme and career choice especially as relates to employability, job-creation an student ability.

The Chancellor

University Councils

The Vice Chancellor

To better meet objectives, this policy advocates that universities be categorized as:

Comprehensive Universities – research and teaching

Research Universities – predominantly research institutions

Teaching Universities – predominantly teaching universities

Public Universities – wholly owned by the Government

Private Universities established as either profit or non-profit institutions.

This policy advocates the strengthening and expansion of the CHE, the creation of a body to be responsible for direct funding of universities, as well as the formalization of and provision of an increased mandate for JAB.To meet the objectives set out in this policy, three semi-autonomous government agencies for the efficient and effective running of the university education sector are proposed: The Commission for University Education (CUE), the Universities Funding Board (UFB) and the Kenya Universities and College and Admission Service (KUCAS)

CUE will take on the expanded and strengthened role of the CHE, as the regulatory authority for university education. The mandates of the commission will include: Institutional establishment and award of chartersCollecting, analyzing and disseminating university education dataApprove the process of design and development of new programmesApprove accreditation bodies

• Formulation of mechanisms to determine the financial needs of each public institution.

• Make available conditional capital development grants and loans to private universities

• Establish maximum programme differentiated unit costs.

• Establish minimum discipline differentiated remunerations

• To mobilize additional financial resources to achieve its mandate

• Coordination of admission of current undergraduate KCSE cohort to public and private universities based on performance and choice.

• Provide a unified comprehensive portal providing programme information available at all universities.

• Provide coordinated career guidance programme and dissemination of adequate information to students and schools.

The university education sub-sector human resource challenges have been synthesized around the following key pillars:Ability to attract and retain qualified staffTraining and retention of adequate Phd holdersEnsuring that universities portray a national outlook, especially at top management level.

Challenges Facing University Education In Kenya

• Access• Equity• Quality• Relevance• Financing• Gender and regional disparities• Faculty quality and inadequate human

resource.• Lack of capacity to cater for the growing

demand

• Significantly increase access, while ensuring equity• Provide incentives and an enabling environment for

the private sector• Ensure relevance of education to the needs of the

job market, national priorities and job creation.• Develop creative financing mechanisms to ensure

sustainability and controlled expansion of the sub –sector.

• Develop incentives to ensure attraction and retention of quality human resource.

• Promote high standards of ethical and moral behavior among students

• Develop a spirit of community service among students

• Markedly enhance the global competitiveness of Kenya in key strategic areas.

Administrative information Ministry of Education, Science & Technology Contacts established so far Role of Kenya Embassy EAC Policy framework for University

education

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Earth’s GREATEST single movement of animals38

Embassy of Republic of KenyaAvenue Winston Churchill 208

1180 Brussels- BelgiumTel: +32(02) 340 10 40Fax : +32(02) 340 10 50

Email: info@kenyabrussels.com

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