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Status of Research of Functional and Status of Research of Functional and
Medicinal Food of the Peruvian Medicinal Food of the Peruvian
Amazon at the UNMSMAmazon at the UNMSM””
AcelaAcela Inés Arnao SalasInés Arnao Salas
Center Center ofof ResearchResearch onon BiochemistryBiochemistry andand NutritionNutrition
“Alberto Guzmán Barrón”“Alberto Guzmán Barrón”
Río de Janeiro 2007Río de Janeiro 2007
PeruPeru: : BiodiversityBiodiversity
Native AntiNative Anti--ulcer Plants ulcer Plants
Croton palanostigma
“Sangre de grado”
Bixa orellana
“Achiote”Jungia paniculata
DC Gray
“Matico serrano”
Solanum tuberosum
“Papa”
CrotonCroton palanostigmapalanostigma
�� ToTo determine determine liverliver andand renal renal
toxicitytoxicity ofof CrotonCroton palanostigmapalanostigma
latexlatex wewe oral oral administrateadministrate thisthis
extratcsextratcs in in ratsrats, in , in therapeutictherapeutic
andand largerlarger dosesdoses. .
�� AlkalineAlkaline phosphatasephosphatase andand
transferasetransferase glutamylglutamyl gamma gamma
activityactivity werewere measuredmeasured; urea, ; urea,
creatininecreatinine, total , total proteinprotein, , albuminalbumin
andand globulinglobulin levelslevels werewere studiedstudied
by by espectrophotometricespectrophotometric analysisanalysis..
Biochemical evaluation in blood plasma of rats treated Biochemical evaluation in blood plasma of rats treated
with with Croton Croton palanostigmapalanostigma latex, during 30 dayslatex, during 30 days
An. Fac. Med. v.66 n.2. Lima Abr./Jun. 2005
LipoperoxidationLipoperoxidation: TBARS/g : TBARS/g ofof tissuestissues
An. Fac. Med. v.67 n.3. Lima Jul/Sep. 2006
BixaBixa orellanaorellana
�� Achiote, Achiote, UcurúUcurú..
�� Used in PreUsed in Pre--Columbian Columbian
times as tint to the skin, times as tint to the skin,
scarring of the skin, and scarring of the skin, and
condiment. condiment.
�� AntiAnti--dysenteries, antipyretic, dysenteries, antipyretic,
aphrodisiac, astringent and aphrodisiac, astringent and
diuretic. diuretic.
�� Dyes: Dyes: bixinbixin and norand nor--bixinabixina
PhytochemicalPhytochemical CompositionComposition
�� It was identified in the It was identified in the hydroalcoholichydroalcoholic extract: extract:
phenolicphenolic compounds (+++),compounds (+++),
�� tannins (++), tannins (++),
�� flavonoidflavonoid glycosides (++), (++),glycosides (++), (++),
�� alkaloids (alkaloids (DragendorffDragendorff + + +, Mayer, and + + +, Mayer, and
Wagner +++); Wagner +++);
�� terpenoidsterpenoids and steroids (+).and steroids (+).
AntiulcerianAntiulcerian effect of effect of hydroalcoholichydroalcoholic
extract of extract of BixaBixa orellanaorellana in rats induced in rats induced
by ethanolby ethanol
28,328,34.13 +/4.13 +/-- 0.64*0.64*Grupo VI Extracto 400 Grupo VI Extracto 400 mgmg//KgKg
21.721.74.50 +/4.50 +/-- 0.76*0.76*Grupo V Extracto 200 Grupo V Extracto 200 mgmg//KgKg
13,013,05.00 +/5.00 +/-- 0.53*0.53*Grupo IV Extracto100 Grupo IV Extracto100 mgmg//kgkg
6.56.55.38 +/5.38 +/-- 0.740.74Grupo III Grupo III RanitidinaRanitidina 100mg/100mg/KgKg
----------------------5.75 +/5.75 +/-- 0.710.71Grupo II control (+)Grupo II control (+)
----------------------0.50 +/0.50 +/-- 0.530.53Grupo I control (Grupo I control (--))
% INHIBITION % INHIBITION
OF ULCERSOF ULCERSULCER INDEXULCER INDEXGrupo (n=9)Grupo (n=9)
ConclussionsConclussions
�� The The hydroalcoholichydroalcoholic extract of extract of BixaBixa orellanaorellana is is
toxic in more than 7000 mg / kg toxic in more than 7000 mg / kg
�� At a dose of 400 mg / kg, we registered 28.3% At a dose of 400 mg / kg, we registered 28.3%
of gastric lesions inhibition.of gastric lesions inhibition.
�� At a dose of 200 mg / kg induced a 168.1% GSAt a dose of 200 mg / kg induced a 168.1% GS--
NP. NP.
�� It has no antiIt has no anti--secretorysecretory effect effect
O. Huamán Gutierrez (2006) Tesis para optar el grado de magister en bioquímica
PlantPlant forfor psichiatricpsichiatric disordersdisorders
Banisteriposis sp “Ayahuasca” Jatropha gossypifolia
“Piñón colorado”
Mimosa sp “Tati rao”Petiveria alliacaea “Mucura”
Phytochemical Analysis
ofMimosa cf rufescens
Nombre de Ensayo Resultado de Reacción
Dragendorff -
Mayer -
De la espuma ++
Fehling -
Legal +
Ninhidrina ++
Carr Price +
Liebermann-Buchard ++
Molish -
Sudán -
Borntrager -
Shinoda +++
Mimosa cf rufescens (JAC 16279 UNMSM)
Recolección por JAC, 2007
� Taxonomical classification is
taking place in the Laboratory ofEthnobotanics at the Museo de
Historia Natural “Javier Prado” de la UNMSM.
�We found 27% of antioxidantcapacity with the TBARS assay
An Fac Med Lima. 2007; 68 Suppl 1.
Phitochemistry study and determination of
the antioxidant capacity of Mimosa sp
PrimaryPrimary Neuronal Neuronal CellCell
Cultures Cultures -- ProcedureProcedure
We develop neuronal cellcultures from 16 day mouse
embryo.
Brain hemispheres were
dissagregated by mechanicalprocedure.
Neuronal cells are platedin DMEM media with 10%
BFS.
E-mail: [email protected]
Número de Células VS. Días in vitro
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 5 10 15 20
Días in vitro
Nú
me
ro
de
Cé
lula
s *
Células por mL
Primary neuronal cell cultures are mainteined at 37ºC, 96% of relative
humidity. We measure cell number,
protein concentration andenzymatic activity.
An Fac Med Lima 2007; 68 Suppl 1
Absorbancia de Proteínas Totales VS Días in vitro
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0 5 10 15 20
Días in vitro
Ab
so
rb
an
cia
Concentración de
Proteínas
Neuronal cell cultures: Cell number, protein
concentration and enzymatic activity
E-mail: [email protected]
• Neuronal cell cultures are treated with plant
extracts and we follow anychange in cell number,
maduration or morphology.
• In a previous study withSanguisorba menor, the
chromatographic fractions
14 y 26 enhanced neuronal
acetilcolinesterase activity.
Sanguisorba menor Sanguisorba menor extractsextracts in in
neuronal neuronal cellcell culturescultures
Revista de Ciencias Univ.
Federico Villareal, 2004.
AntioxidantAntioxidant activityactivity ofof Erythroxylon coca (ERC) in a (ERC) in a
modelmodel ofof exhaustingexhausting exerciseexercise
Anti-stress effect of
ERAC in two
experimental models of
stress, acute and chronic
in mice.
Presents as secondary
metabolites:
polyphenols, flavonoids
with antioxidant capacity
Erythroxylon coca
Tesis para optar el título de Química farmacéutica.. Ayacucho-Perú ,2005
�� TestTest antioxidantantioxidant capabilitycapability ofof atomizedatomized, , refinedrefinedanalkaloidalanalkaloidal extractextract ofof coca (ERAC) coca (ERAC) onon weanedweanedmalemale micemice, , whichwhich alsoalso submittedsubmitted toto acuteacuteexhaustingexhausting exerciseexercise--inducedinduced oxidativeoxidative stress.stress.
�� IndicatorsIndicators: : lipidlipid peroxitationperoxitation, , superoxidesuperoxidedismutasedismutase activityactivity andand glutationsglutations levelslevels..
�� ConclusionConclusion: ERAC : ERAC administrationadministration onon acuteacuteexhaustingexhausting modelmodel incrementincrement antioxidantantioxidantresponse response ofof hepatichepatic tissuetissue..
DPPH Hidroxilo
IC 50 IC 50
Trolox 3.00 ug/mL --------
Ascorbic acid 2.55 ug/mL --------
Mannitol ------------ 15.30 mg/mL
ERC 0.578 mg/mL 14.08 mg/mL
Antioxidant Properties of ERC
The contents of total polyphenols equivalent to pirogalol was 330.4 mg / g of extract and flavonoids, equivalent to routine,
was 64.25 mg / g extract.
Plant anti-tumor
�Acahuale white aceitillo, mulito, rosilla, saetilla, tea cornfield, mozotillo, mozote black, aceitilla, cadillo, love dry, Picon, saetilla (Marzocca, 1976; Martinez, 1979; Pitty and Munoz, 1993).
�Chichik-kul, K'an-mul, matsab-kitam (Maya),quelem (language huasteca) and acocotli(Martinez, 1979).
� Widely distributed in the tropics worldwide. Antimicrobial activity, antiulcer, hypoglycemic
Bidens pilosa L
ChemicalChemical protecctionprotecction effecteffect
ofof BidensBidens pilosa Lpilosa L
Bidens pilosa L.
� Effect of flavonoids and phenolic
compounds of Bidens pilosa Linduced colon cancer in rats with
dimethyl hydrazine.
� Chemical protection effect at a
dose of 50 mg/Kg
Colon cancer
AbutaAbuta grandifolia(Martgrandifolia(Mart.).)SandwithSandwith
�� Anti inflammatory effect Anti inflammatory effect
�� Against Malaria Against Malaria
�� Tuberculosis Tuberculosis
�� Diabetes Diabetes
�� Stomach ulcers Stomach ulcers
�� Infertility in women (with honey) Infertility in women (with honey)
�� Anti anemic Anti anemic
�� AntioxidantAntioxidant
AbAbuutata grandifoliagrandifolia (Mart) (Mart)
SandwithSandwith
In the stem of In the stem of AbutaAbutagrandifoliagrandifolia SandwithSandwith (Mart), (Mart), known as the "known as the "abutaabuta" has " has been found two alkaloids: a been found two alkaloids: a highly soluble in ethyl ether, highly soluble in ethyl ether, and other soluble in ethanol. and other soluble in ethanol. In this solution it has been In this solution it has been found quaternary ammonium found quaternary ammonium type alkaloids, which type alkaloids, which submitted antitumor activity submitted antitumor activity for which the cell line was for which the cell line was used HEP used HEP -- 2 (2 (squamoussquamous cell cell carcinoma of the larynx carcinoma of the larynx human)human)
GenusGenus CrotonCroton�� An antitumor study has been carried out using the cell line An antitumor study has been carried out using the cell line
HEP HEP -- 2, where 2, where C. C. baillonianusbaillonianus presents strong antitumor presents strong antitumor activityactivity
�� In In phytochemicalphytochemical study study conjunctedconjuncted with the University of with the University of SalernoSalerno--Italy, we found: Italy, we found:
�� AlkaloidsAlkaloids : O: O--metilflavinantinemetilflavinantine andand OO--metilpalidinemetilpalidine NN--óxido.óxido.
�� FlavonoidsFlavonoids: : kamferolkamferol 33--OO--ßß--DD--glucglucóósido (I), sido (I), kamferolkamferol--33--OO-- ßß--DD--(6(6’’’’--pp--coumaroy)coumaroy)--glucopiranglucopiranóósido (II)sido (II)
TabebuiaTabebuia impetiginosaimpetiginosa (Mart ex (Mart ex
DC)DC) StanleyStanley
�� The ethanol extract of the bark and wood of The ethanol extract of the bark and wood of
TabebuiaTabebuia impetiginosaimpetiginosa (ex(ex--Mart DC) Stanley, Mart DC) Stanley,
known as "known as "tahuaritahuari" has " has quinonicquinonic metabolites. metabolites.
�� One of the One of the quinonesquinones showed showed cytotoxicitycytotoxicity in the in the
fertile eggs of a sea urchin, and in cancer cells fertile eggs of a sea urchin, and in cancer cells
lines like DVlines like DV--145.145.
Activity antimicrobial : Genus Activity antimicrobial : Genus CrotonCroton
�� From the departments of From the departments of AmazonasAmazonas and Cajamarca we and Cajamarca we have collected 5 species of the have collected 5 species of the genus genus CrotonCroton: : C. C. thuriferthurifer, C. , C. baillonianusbaillonianus, C. , C. collinuscollinus, C. , C. ferrugineusferrugineus y C. y C. abutiloidesabutiloides..
�� The The dichlorometanedichlorometane extract of extract of the leaves the leaves ofofCrotonCrotonbaillonianusbaillonianus and and Croton Croton ferrogineusferrogineus have antimicrobial have antimicrobial action: Staphylococcus action: Staphylococcus aureusaureusATCC 6538.ATCC 6538.
PlukenetiaPlukenetia volubilisvolubilis L.L.
Common Name: Common Name: SachaSacha inchiinchi, , SachaSacha peanut, peanut,
((sachasacha manimani) peanut ad, Mount () peanut ad, Mount (manimani del del
montemonte), peanut, peanut ), peanut, peanut jibarojibaro
PlukenetiaPlukenetia volubilisvolubilis L.L.
�� It was found lipidIt was found lipid--lowering effect. lowering effect.
�� An acute toxicity test (oral and topical) in An acute toxicity test (oral and topical) in
rodents shown to be nonrodents shown to be non--toxic.toxic.
�� Chemical composition Chemical composition
LinoleicLinoleic: 36.67% : 36.67%
LinolenicLinolenic: 45.54% : 45.54%
Unsaturated (Total): 82.21% Unsaturated (Total): 82.21%
PlukenetiaPlukenetia volubilisvolubilis L.L. ((SachaSacha
inchiinchi))
SummerSummerSeasonSeason
AdultAdult withwith fruitsfruitsAgeAge
WildlifeWildlifeHabitatHabitat
76º 06’76º 06’LengthLength
232 232 metersmetersAltitudeAltitude
7º 10’7º 10’LatitudeLatitude
27º27ºTemperatureTemperature
tropicaltropicalWeatherWeather
ClayishClayish andand SandySandySoilSoil
TarapotoTarapotoPlace harvest Place harvest
Fuente: [email protected]
PlukenetiaPlukenetia volubilisvolubilis L.L.
00.020.040.060.08
0.10.120.140.16
Ab
so
rban
cia
(fo
rmació
n
de
MD
A-T
BA
)
0 15 30 60
tiempo (minutos)
por luz UV a diferentes tiempos
Sacha inchi Soya
Resistance to oxidative stress induced by UV irradiation
Fuente: CIBN
Curva Sacha Inchi
y = 0.427e-0.5017x
R2 = 0.9974
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5uL/mL
Ab
so
rb
an
cia
Curva TROLOX
y = -0.0948x + 0.4367
R2 = 0.9933
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 ug/mLA
bso
rba
ncia
Trap Capacity of free radicals (DPPH)
IC50= 2.30 IC50= 2.30 ugug//mLmLIC50= 1,38 IC50= 1,38 uLuL//mLmL
Fuente: CIBN
ConclusionConclusion
�� The The SachaSacha inchiinchi oil shows oil shows
metabolites with antioxidant metabolites with antioxidant
capacity that better resists the capacity that better resists the
induction of oxidative stress and induction of oxidative stress and
traps the DPPH free radical.traps the DPPH free radical.
Passiflora edulis (maracuyá)
AntihypertensiveAntihypertensive
Passiflora edulis (maracuyá)
An. Fac. med. v.67 n.3 Lima jul.- sep. 2006
Effect of antihypertensive
of the fruit juice of the
leaves of Passiflora edulis(maracuyá), in rats
CamuCamu camucamuContenido de vitamina C (mg/100 grs.) en la pulpa de frutas seleccionadas
2,780Camu camu
1,300 Acerola(total)
108Casho
92Orange
60Guayabana
44Lemmon
42Strawberry
22Maracuya
20Pineapple
Ascorbic acid Fruit
It is used in both the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Great potential for agro export. (200 tons / year)
Loreto is estimated that there are about 350 hectares, this region houses the largest
concentration of plots of America and Peru
ProPro--oxidant properties of oxidant properties of camucamu
camucamu ((MyrciariaMyrciaria dubiadubia))
�� TheThe prooxidantprooxidant propertiesproperties ofof camucamu camucamu by by thethe
effecteffect ofof Fe (III), EDTA, Fe (III), EDTA, thioureathiourea andand mannitolmannitol
waswas determineddetermined. .
�� CamuCamu camucamu increasesincreases free free radicalsradicals generationgeneration in in
thethe presencepresence ofof Fe(IIIFe(III) ) andand EDTA. EDTA.
�� Food or medicines with a high concentration of Food or medicines with a high concentration of
iron should not be ingested with fruits that have iron should not be ingested with fruits that have
a high content of vitamin C.a high content of vitamin C.
An. Fac. Med. v.66 n.4 Lima Dic. 2005
Effect of EDTA on the free radicals generated by Effect of EDTA on the free radicals generated by
camucamu camucamu and Feand Fe--III East test: phosphate buffer III East test: phosphate buffer
potassium 50mM pH 7,4, potassium 50mM pH 7,4, deoxyribosedeoxyribose 2,8 2,8 mMmM, Fe, Fe--
III 0,025 III 0,025 mMmM and and camucamu camucamu 0,025g0,025g
Camu camu increases free radicals generation in the presence of Fe (III)
and EDTA.
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