Status of the R&Ds on Diamond Particle Detectors

M.Bruzzi for RD42 Coll.- Status of R&D on Diamond Particle Detectors- Vertex2002, Hawaii, Nov.4-8, 2002

Status of the R&Ds on Diamond Particle Detectors

Mara BruzziUniversity of Florence - INFN Firenze

For the RD42 CollaborationNovember 6, 2002 - VERTEX2002

Outline of the Talk:

Introduction2001/2002 MilestonesStatus of PolyCrystalline Diamond Particle DetectorsSingle Crystal Diamond Particle DetectorsSummary and RD42 Plans


http://rd42.web.cern.ch/RD42/W. Adam1, E. Berdermann2, P. Bergonzo3, W. deBoer20, E. Borchi4, A. Brambilla3, M. Bruzzi4, C.

Colledani5, J. Conway6, P. D'Angelo7, W.Dabrowski8, P. Delpierre9, J. Doroshenko6, W.

Dulinski5, B. van Eijk11, A. Fallou9, P. Fischer19, F.Fizzotti12, C. Furetta7, K.K. Gan13, N. Ghodbane10, E.Grigoriev20, G. Hallewell9, S. Han13 , F. Hartjes11, J.

Hrubec1 , D. Husson5, H. Kagan 13, Kaplon14, C.Karl10, R. Kass13, M. Keil19, K.T. Knöpfle15, T.

Koeth6, M. Krammer1, A. Logiudice12, R. Lu12, L.macLynne6, C. Manfredotti12, D. Marshall3, D.

Meier14, D. Menichelli4, S. Meuser19, M. Mishina16,L. Moroni7, J. Noomen11, A. Oh14 , L. Perera6, M.

Pernicka1, P. Polesello12, R. Potenza21, J.L. Riester5,S. Roe14, A. Rudge14, L. Rousseau3, S. Sala7, M.

Sampietro17, S. Schnetzer6, S. Sciortino4, H. Stelzer2,R. Stone6, C. Sutera21, G.B. Thomson6, W.

Trischuk18, D. Tromson3 , C. Tuve21, B. Vincenzo21,E. Vittone12, W. Zeuner10, M. Zoeller13, P.

Weilhammer 14, N. Wermes19, M. Wetstein6

1HEPHY, Vienna, Austria2GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

3LETI/DEIN/SPE/CEA Saclay, France4INFN, University of Florence, Italy

5LEPSI, IN2P3/CNRS-ULP, Strasbourg, France6Rutgers University, Piscataway, U.S.A.

7INFN, Milano, Italy8UMM, Cracow, Poland

9CPPM, Marseille, France10Inst. für Exp. Physik, Hamburg, Germany

11NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands12University of Torino, Italy

13Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.14CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

15MPI für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany16FNAL, Batavia, IL, U.S.A.17Polytechnico Milano, Italy

18University of Toronto, Canada19Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

20Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany21University of Roma, Italy

Spokespersons

The RD42 Collaboration


Introduction

LHC L ~ 1034 cm-2s-1 in 10 years: f ~ 1015 n/cm2 for pixels

SLHC L ~ 1035 cm-2s-1 fast hadron f up to 1016 cm-2

Inner tracking layers must survive provide high precision tracking to tag b, t, Higgs

Diamond Properties:Radiation hardnessLow Dielectric Constant Low CapacitanceLow Leakage Current Low readout noiseRoom Temperature Operation , Fast signal collection time


2001/2002 Milestones

Priorities of Research in 2001/2002

Increase charge collection distance in a dedicated program with industry to > 250mTest the Tracking and radiation tolerance properties of the newest diamondsEstablish the performance of pixel detectors with radiation hard front-end chips from ATLAS and CMSEstablish the performance of large detectorsTest diamond trackers with LHC specific electronics (SCTA128 chip )Irradiate modules sensors and front-end chips togetherFinalize the geometry and metalization of diamond LHC pixel detectors


Status of PolyCrystalline Diamond Detectors

Chemical Vapour Deposition - DeBeers Wafer diameter 5-6 inch Metalization Cr/Au, Ti/Au, Ti/W new 1V/m Operation, Drift velocity saturated Test procedure: dot strip pixel


R&D with DeBeers Ind. Diamond

Latest Polycrystalline Diamonds Measured with a 90Sr Source

•System Gain = 124 e/mV•QMP = 60mV = 7400e•Mean Charge = 76mV = 9400e

Source data well separated from 0 Collection distance now 270m Most Probable Charge now 8000e 99% of PH distribution now above 3000e FWHM/MP ~ 0.95 Si has ~ 0.5 This is diamond is available in large size

The research program worked!


History of ccd progress

Now


Material Properties of PolyCrystalline Diamond Grain-boundaries, dislocations, native defects in Polycrystalline Diamond:

limits carrier lifetime, mobility and charge collection distancegive rise to polarization and pumping effectsaffect the radiation hardness ( spatial resolution improves, leakage current decrease, mean signal decreases )

State-of-art DeBeers PolyDiamond growth side after lapping

Grain size: ~10-100m

Growth side of PolyDiamond produced by the Florence group


Basic Research on Defects in PolyCrystalline Diamond

Thermally Stimulated Currents Analysis: TSC

Vrev

tT

tITS

Ct

Low quality

High quality

Native defects at grain boundaries: Main peak@520K + RT tail Et ~1eV, ~ 10-12-10-19cm2, Nt ~ 1015-1019cm-3


Optimising CCE through Material Removal

Removal from growth () and substrate ()

Single-Crystal Line

Higher grain-boundary density on substrate

Columnar growth in PolyDiamond films

Picture from sample made in Florence


100 GeV/c pion/muon beam 7 planes of CVD diamond strip sensors each 2cmx2cm 50m pitch, no intermediate strips new metalization procedure 2 additional diamond strip sensors for test several silicon sensors for cross checks strip electronics ( 2s ): ENC ~100e + 14 e/pF

Recent Tracking Studies - CERN Test beam setup


Uniform signals on all strips Pedestal separated from “0” on all strips 99% of entries above 2000e Mean signal charge ~8640e MP signal charge ~6500e

Module with fully radiation hard SCTA128 electronics Tested with Sr90 ready for beam test and irradiation Charge distribution clearly separated from the noise S/N 8/1 efficiency will be measured in test beams at 40MHz clock rate Improve position resolution by measuring charge sharing between strips

.. Work in progress

Recent Tracking Studies

Results


Radiation Hardness

Dark Current decreases with fluenceS/N decreases at 2x1015cm-2

Resolution improves at 2x1015 cm-2

Signal to Noise Resolution


Pumping effect less evident Defects at Et ~1eV partially removed or compensated f = 2.0x1015 n/cm2

f = 5x1014 n/cm2

Pumping and Trapping

Other Radiation Effects


Single Crystal CVD Diamond Particle Detectors

Single Crystal films produced by DeBeers: Microwave plasma-assisted CVD Homoepitaxial diamond films grown from HPHT synthetic diamond substrates. Samples size: 390-690m thick, 6mm diameter

Carrier mobility @ RT n ~ 4500 cm2/Vsh ~ 3800 cm2/Vs~ factor 2 higher than for natural single-crystal diamond

Carrier lifetime: exceeds 2s Dramatic improvement as compared with natural and polycrystalline CVD diamond (~ few ns)

Dislocation less than 106 cm-2

Nitrogen content of the order of 1015cm-3


Performance of Single Crystal Diamond Detector New metalization ( Al, no carbide involved )


Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detector: CCE

Charge Collection Distance ~ Device Thickness ( over 90-95%) ~ 100% Charge Collection Efficiency


Stable Signal, with no evidence of priming/polarization effects! Single Crystal Diamonds do not pump like polycrystalline material.

Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detector: Pumping


Summary

Polycrystalline Diamond I

Charge collection270m collection distance MP signal 8000 e99% of charge distribution above 3000eFWHM/MP 0.95

Tracking ResultsOperated a 7 plane telescope with 50m pitch detectorshigh efficiency and tracking precision of 10-20mmRad-hard SCTA128 electronics (DMILL ) builtSource tests indicate high efficiency at 40MHzBeam test and irradiation this year

Radiation Hardnessdark current decreases with fluencesome loss of S/N with fluenceResolution improves with fluence


Summary

Polycrystalline Diamond II

Diamond Pixel DetectorsSuccessfully tested ATLAS and CMS pixels patternsBump-bonding yield 100%Excellent correlation between telescope and pixel dataReasonable spatial resolution attainedRadiation hard chips just arrived

Single Crystal Diamond: Future ?

Material Characteristicsn ~ 4500 cm2/Vs , h ~ 3800 cm2/Vs Carrier lifetime exceeds 2s low native defect content

Detector performanceno pumping effect100% charge collection efficiency over 550m


Future Plans of RD42

Charge Collection collection distance 300m improved uniformity correlation between defects and detector performance

Radiation hardness of diamond trackers and pixel detectors Irradiation with p, , n up to 5x1015cm-2

Beam tests with Diamond Trackers and Pixel detectors Trackers with SCTA Electronics Pixel detectors with ATLAS and CMS and rad hard elect. Construct the full ATLAS diamond pixel module

Documents

Status of the R&Ds on Diamond Particle Detectors