STD. X - SOCIAL SCIENCE SECTION - I...20. (i) Dayananda Saraswathi started the Suddhi movement, a ritual to reconvert the Hindus. (ii) The Arya Samaj opposed child marriage, polygamy,

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PUBLIC EXAM QUESTION PAPERAPRIL - 2018 (with Answers)

STD. X - SOCIAL SCIENCE[Time Allowed : 2½ Hrs.] [Maximum Marks : 100]

SECTION - I(MARKS : 24)

PART – I

Note: (i) Answer all the questions. (ii) Choose the most suitable answer

from the given four alternatives and write the option code and the corresponding answer. 14 × 1 = 14

1. The English East India company was formed in :

a) 1644 A.D b) 1600 A.D c) 1700 A.D d) 1664 A.D2. Kaiser William - II stationed a fleet at : a) Jutland b) Heligoland c) Ireland d) Holland3. Indian Historians described the revolt of 1857

as : a) The first war of Indian independence b) Sepoy Mutiny c) Military Revolt d) The Great Revolt4. At Vedaranyam, the Salt Satyagraha was led

by : a) Rajagopalachari b) T.S.Rajan c) V.O.C d) Bakthavachalam5. India brought a resolution in the UN General

Assembly in favour of disarmament in a) 1995 b) 1965 c) 1976 d) 19566. The Election Commission of India is situated

at : a) Moradabad b) Chennai c) New Delhi d) Mumbai

7. World Consumer’s Day is celebrated on:

a) March 14 b) March 15

c) March 11 d) March 16

8. The river known as the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’ is : a) Luni b) Ganga c) Indus d) Kosi9. The ‘Rice Bowl’ of Tamil Nadu is : a) Thanjavur b) Madurai c) Karur d) Thiruvarur10. Yellow revolution is associated with the

production of _______. a) Milk and milk products b) Marine products c) Fruits d) Oil seeds11. Trade carried on within the domestic territory

of a country is known as _______ trade a) International b) External c) Multilateral d) Internal12. The indicator used to show the living standard

of people in a country is : a) Percapita Income b) Gross Domestic Poduct c) Net National Product d) Net Domestic Product13. The first atomic power station in India was started

at : a) Korba b) Kalpakkam c) Jharia d) Trombay14. _______ is a non conventional form of energy

made from agricultural waste. a) Heat energy b) Solar energy c) Bio mass energy d) Light energy

[1]

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Namma Kalviwww.nammakalvi.org

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2 Sura’s Social Science – X Std. April 2018 Q.P. with Answers

PART – II Note: Answer BOTH Questions :

2 × 5 = 1015. Match the following :

(i) a) Kaiser William - II - Secret Police of Mussolini

b) Ovra - Germanyc) Atlantic Charter - Chennai Manavar

Mandramd) S.Satyamurthi - F.D. Roosevelte) Dr.S.Dharmambal - Poondi reservoir

- Avvai Illam- England

(ii) a) EL - Nino - Iron and steelb) Zaid - Madhapuric) Solar Energy

Centre- Surveying

d) SAIL - Tamil Nadue) GPS - Mining

- Fruits andVegetables

- Weather phenomena

SECTION – II(MARKS : 20)

Note: (i) Answer any TEN of the following questions in brief :

(ii) Choose FOUR from Part I, ONE from Part II, FOUR from Part III & ONE from Part IV. 10 × 2 = 20

PART – I

16. Write about Military Imperialism.17. Why did Japan resign from the League of

Nations?18. What were the Four Pillars of Fascism?19. What are the organs of the European Union?20. What are the services rendered by the Arya

Samaj?

21. What was Mountbatten Plan?22. Why was Kamaraj called as “King Maker”?23. What are the aims of Self Respect Movement?

PART – II

24. Write a note on the policy of Apartheid.25. Give Abraham Lincoln’s definition of

democracy.

PART – III

26. What are the main physical divisions of India?

27. What are Jet Streams? How do they affect the climate of India?

28. Name the places where petroleum is mined in India.

29. What are the types of agriculture?

30. What is manufacturing?

31. What is Global Warming?

32. What is the significance of border roads?

33. What are the important aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction.

PART – IV

34. Define National Income.35. Write a note on Cottage Industries.

SECTION – III

(MARKS : 8)

Note: Distinguish between any FOUR of the following: 4 × 2 = 8

36. Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.37. Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers.38. Thermal Electricity and Hydro Electricity.39. Commercial Agriculture and Plantation

Agriculture.40. Agro based and Mineral Based Industries.41. Water Pollution and Land Pollution.42. Exports and Imports.43. Airways and Waterways.

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Sura’s Social Science – X Std. April 2018 Q.P. with Answers 3

SECTION – IV

(MARKS : 8)

Note: Choose any TWO of the following and answer all the questions given under each caption. 2 × 4 = 8

44. Course of the War. (a) Give the duration of the First World War. (b) Who were called the Central Powers? (c) Who were called the Allies? (d) What were the weapons used in the War?

45. Franklin D. Roosevelt (a) When was the Presidential election held? (b) How was Franklin. D. Roosevelt

commonly known? (c) What was his election manifesto? (d) Name the policy formulated by him.

46. Revolt at Central India : (a) Who led the revolt at Central India? (b) Name the place captured by Rani Lakshmi

Bai. (c) What was her end? (d) What happened to Tantia Tope?

47. The August Offer : (a) When was the August Offer announced? (b) What was promised for India after the

Second World War? (c) Why was the Committee set up? (d) To whom, the representation was

promised to be given in the War Council?

SECTION – V

(MARKS : 20)

Note: Answer all the FOUR questions by selecting ONE option from each question. 4 × 5 = 20

PART – I

48. (a) Write any five causes for Imperialism.(OR)

(b) Write any five major achievements of the UNO.

(OR)

(c) Explain the stages of Non-Co-operation Movement of 1920 - 22. Why was it suspended?

PART – II

49. (a) Write a short note on SAARC. (OR)

(b) Explain the role of the Opposition Party in a democracy.

(OR) (c) Write a paragraph on the Rights of

Consumers.

PART – III

50. (a) Write the importance of forests.(OR)

(b) Explain the types of Indian Roads.(OR)

(c) What are the advantages of Remote sensing?

PART – IV

51. (a) Explain the need for the study of National Income.

(OR) (b) Explain the Economic Reforms of 1991.

(OR) (c) Explain Green Revolution.

SECTION – VI

(MARKS : 5)

Note: Draw a time line on the following. (5)

52. Any five important Indian events between the years 1930 - 1950.

SECTION – VII(MARKS : 15)

Note: Map Questions. (5)53. (a) Mark the following places in the given

outline Map of Asia. (i) Turkey (ii) Phillipines

(iii) Farmosa (iv) Shakhalin Islands

(v) Singapore

(OR)

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SECTION – IPART – I

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a)

13. (d) 14. (c)

PART – II

(15) Match the following

(i) a) Kaiser William - II - Germany

b) Ovra - Secret Police of Mussolini

c) Atlantic Charter - F.D. Roosevelt

d) S. Satyamurthi - Poondi Reservoir

e) Dr. Dharmambal - Chennai Manavar Mandram

(ii) a) El-Nino - Weather Phenomena

b) Zaid - Fruits and Vegetables

c) Solar Energy Centre

- Madhapuri

d) Sail - Iron and steel

e) GPS - Surveying

(b) Mark the following places in the given outline Map of India.

(i) Delhi (ii) Barailley (iii) Araah (iv) Vedaranyam (v) Chauri Chaura54. Mark any ten places / regions on the given

outline Map of India : (10) (i) Mt. K2 (ii) Gulf of Mannar (iii) Western Coastal Plain (iv) Vishakhapatnam

(v) Cherrapunji (vi) The Headquarters of the Indian

Railways (vii) One Tea Growing area (viii) Rann of Kutch (ix) River Cauvery (x) Thar Desert (xi) Black Soil Area (xii) Sunderbans (xiii) Anadaman and Nicobar Islands (xiv) Mumbai (xv) Waterway from Chennai to Kolkatta

ANSWERS KEY

SECTION – II

PART – I

16. (i) Ruling a country directly by the military forces is called as Military Imperialism. (ii) The USA’s invasion against Iraq with its military power, forced it to have another sort of government favourable to the USA.

17. In 1931 Japan captured Manchuria and renamed it Manchuko and made it a puppet state. When the League protested against this, Japan resigned from the League. It weakened the League.

18. The four pillars of Fascism : i) Charismatic leadership ii) Single party rule under a dictator iii) Terror iv) Economic control

19. There are five European institutions. They are, i) European Parliament ii) Council of the

European Union iii) European Commission iv) Court of Justice v) Court of Auditors

20. (i) Dayananda Saraswathi started the Suddhi movement, a ritual to reconvert the Hindus. (ii) The Arya Samaj opposed child marriage, polygamy, purdha system, casteism and sati. (iii) It advocated women education, inter-caste marriage and inter-dining and insisted on education of the women and upliftment of the depressed classes. (iv) The Samaj started a number of schools to impart English and vedic education called Dayananda Anglo Vedic (DAV) schools and colleges.

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21. (i) Lord Mountbatten made an important announcement on June 3rd, 1947. It was called Mountbatten Plan, or, June 3rd Plan. (ii) According to the plan, India had to be divided into two independent countries, namely Indian Union and the Pakistan Union. (iii) The princely states were given the option to join with either of the two new nations or to remain independent. (iv) Both the Congress and the Muslim League accepted this plan.

22. (i) Kamaraj played a major role in making Lal Bahadur Sastri as the Prime Minister of India in 1964 and Mrs. Indira Gandhi in 1966 after the death of Lal Bahadur Sastri. (ii) Hence he was called ‘King Maker’.

23. i) Self-Respect Movement condemned and fought against Brahmin domination over other castes, society, politics and religion. ii) It fought to abolish traditionalism and superstitions. iii) It advocated women education, widow re-marriage, inter-caste marriages. iv) It opposed child marriage

PART – II

24. (i) Apartheid - policy of racial discrimination was followed in South Africa. (ii) India was a vital ally of South Africa in its fight against Apartheid- the practice of discrimination against the native Africans. (iii) India first raised this issue in the UN General Assembly in 1946. (iv) It continued to provide support to the movement, both directly and indirectly. (v) Due to the struggle led by Dr. Nelson Mandela, Apartheid was abolished in 1990.

25. Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people is the definition given by Abraham Lincoln.

PART – III

26. India is divided into five physiographical divisions. They are: i) The Northern Mountains ii) The Northern Great plains iii) Peninsular plateaus iv) Coastal plains v) Islands

27. (i) Air currents in the upper layers of the atmosphere is known as Jet streams. (ii) It could determine the arrival and departure of monsoon winds in India. (iii) It also brings the Western disturbance from Mediterranean sea to India causing rainfall to Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

28. Gujarat, Andra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Mumbai high.

29. The different types of agriculture are: a) Primitive agriculture b) Subsistence agriculture c) Commercial agriculture d) Plantation agriculture

30. (i) The process of conversion of raw materials into finished goods with the help of machine is called Manufacturing. (ii) For example, Cotton textile industry changes the raw material cotton into finished clothes.

31. (i) Global warming will result in melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. (ii) It is caused due to increase in quantity of CO2, methane and CFCs.

32. (i) Border roads are the roads constructed along the Northern and North Eastern borders of India. (ii) These roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization (BRO). (iii) It was set up in 1960 by the government of India. (iv) Border Road Organization has constructed the world’s highest road connecting Manali (H.P) to Leh (Kashmir) at an altitude of 4270 meters.

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33. The important aspects of disaster risk reduction are : (i) Mitigation (Structural and non-structural mitigation) (ii) Early Warning System (iii) Disaster Preparedness (iv) Recovery.

PART – IV

34. (i)National Income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year. (ii) It is commonly called as Gross National Product or National Dividend.

35. Cottage industries are household industries depending on local market and production is of primitive methods. eg: Coir industries.

SECTION – III

36. Western Ghats Eastern Ghats

1) Western Ghat is a range of continuous hills.

1) Eastern Ghats is a system of discontinuous hills.

2) It extend from Tapti valley to Kanyakumari 2) It extends from the Mahanadi river in Orissa to Vaigai river in Tamil Nadu.

3) Most of the rivers like Godavari, Krishna & Cauvery originates from Western Ghats.

3) This contains doabs and delta regions.

4) They act as a climatic barrier to the South West Monsoon winds.

4) They lie in the windward side of the North East Monsoon.

5) The highest point is Anai Mudi (2695m) 5) The highest point is Mahendra Giri (1501 m).

37. Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers

1) Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers or iginate f rom the snow covered Himalayas.

1) Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna Kaveri, Narmada, Tapti originate from the peninsular plateau.

2) These rivers have large basins. 2) These rivers have small basins.

3) These flow through deep, nearly I-shaped valleys.

3) These rivers flow through broad and shallow valleys.

4) They are perennial in nature. 4) They are seasonal in nature.

5) They are useful for irrigation. 5) They are not very useful for irrigation.

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38. Thermal Electricity Hydro Electricity

1) It is generated by using coal, petroleum and natural gas.

1) It is generated by fast water flowing

2) It uses all non-renewable resources 2) It uses renewable resources

3) Its cost is very high and its production is expensive

3) Initially its cost is high but later it becomes cheaper.

4) It does cause pollutionEg : Badarpur thermal plant of Delhi

4) It does not cause any pollution.Eg : Bhakra Nangal project

39. Commercial Agriculture Plantation Agriculture

1) In Commercial Agriculture crops are grown with the main aim of selling them in domestic market or foreign market.

1) In Plantation Agriculture crops are cultivated on a large scale in about hundreds of hectares on a hilly or mountain area.

2) Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane are some of the important crops grown for commercial agriculture.

2) Rubber, tea, coffee are the important crops cultivated under plantation agriculture.

3) This system is mainly practised in Punjab, Gujarat, Haryana and Maharashtra.

3) It is practised in hilly areas of Assam, West Bengal and in Peninsular India.

40. Agro based Industries Mineral based industries

1) Agricultural industries use agricultural products as their basic raw material.

1) Mineral based industries use both metallic and non-metalic minerals as raw materials.

2) Eg. Cotton Textile Industry and Jute Industry

2) Eg. Iron and Steel Industry

3) Mumbai in Maharashtra is the leading Cotton textile centre.

3) India’s most of the Iron and steel industries are located in Chota Nagpur Plateau.

4) Mumbai is the ‘Manchester of India’. 4) TISCO is the oldest and largest Iron and Steel Industry.

41. Water Pollution Land Pollution

1) Water Pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that uses that water.

1) Land Pollution is contaminating the land surface of the earth through dumping of non-degradable waste matter.

2) There are several causes of water pollution like disease-causing agents, oxygen demanding bacteria, water soluble inorganic pollutants and organic compounds.

2) It arises from the breakage of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides and percolation of contaminated surface water, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes etc.

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42. Exports Imports

1) Export means goods and services sold for foreign currency.

1) Import refers to goods and services bought from overseas producers.

2) India exports nearly 7,500 goods to nearly 190 countries of the world.

2) India imports nearly 6000 goods from 140 countries.

3) India exports Cereals, Pulses, Leather goods, Textiles & Handicrafts, Tea, Spices, Iron Ore.

3) India imports Electrical machineries, Wheat, Petroleum, Fertilizers, transport equipments, newsprint.

43. Airways Waterways

1) Airways is the quickest, costliest, most modern and comfortable means of transport.

1) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.

2) They carry passengers, freight and mail. 2) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods at low cost.

3) They link local, regional, national and international cities.

3) Waterways are in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, seas and oceans.

4) Airways are classified into Domestic Airways & International Airways.

4) Waterways are classified into inland waterways and ocean routes.

SECTION – IV44. (a) 28th July 1914 – 11th Nov 1918 (b) The countries which were on the side of

Germany were called the Central Powers. (c) The countries which were on the side of

Britain were known as Allies. (d) Artillery, Tanks and Submarines were used

in the war.45. (a) In 1932 (b) FDR (c) “I pledge you, I pledge, myself to a New

Deal for the Americans” (d) New Deal46. (a) Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi. (b) Gwalior. (c) She was killed in the battle in June 1858. (d) Tantia Tope escaped but was captured and

put to death.47. (a) In 1940 (b) Dominion status for India. (c) To frame the Indian Constitution. (d) Indian

SECTION – V

PART – I

48. (a) (i) Industrial Revolution : a) Industrial Revolution in European

countries resulted in a great increase in production.

b) It created a great demand for raw materials and new markets in Asian and African continents.

c) They could not find market in Europe as they followed ‘Protective Trade Policy’.

d) It also introduced a great progress in the means of transport and communication.

(ii) National security : The sense of national security and self-sufficiency among the European political groups instigated colonical imperialism.

(iii) Nationalism :

a) Many nations developed pride over their race, culture and language and started feeling superior to other countries.

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b) They felt that acquisition of colonies would enhance the prestige of their nations.

c) Imperialism became the fashion of the age.

d) The Europeans felt that it was ‘White Man’s burden’ to civilize the backward and uncivilized native people of Africa and Asia. This was another cause for imperialism.

(iv) Balance of power : European Nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbours and competitors.

(v) Discovery of New routes : a) The discovery of new routes to African

and Asian continents promoted the spirit of imperialism.

b) The discovery of sea routes paved the way for the traders and soldiers to exploit the abundant wealth of the countries.

(vi) Growth of Population : The population growth and its impact-unemployment, forced the Europeans to emigrate in search of new lands and careers abroad.

(vii) State of Anarchy : a) There was no international organization

to enact and enforce laws for nations to maintain peace and security among countries before the First World War.

b) This state of anarchy supported the colonial race.

(OR)(b) Major achievements of UNO : i) UNO has rendered a great service in

establishing peace and security. ii) It solves various problems-generally

political disputes by Security Council, ‘Legal Disputes’ by International Court of Justice.

iii) The UNO preserves peace through peaceful negotiations.

iv) It settled disputes between Israel and Palestine, Iran and Iraq and withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

v) It has signed many Nuclear Test Ban Treaties like NTBT in 1963 and CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) in 1996.

vi) It held a conference in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. All countries adopted Agenda 21.

vii) The UN Development Fund for Women(UNIFEM) and the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement for Women (INSTRAW) have supported programmes and projects to improve the quality of the life for women in over 100 countries.

viii) The UNO played a vital role in the Suez Canal crisis of 1956. It made France, Britain and Israel to withdraw troops from Egypt. The UNO also settled the Korean war, Vietnam war.

(OR)(c) i) To show the opposition to Rowlatt

Act, Jallian Wala Bagh Tragedy and Montague Chelmsford Reforms, Gandhi decided to start Non-co-operation movement at Calcutta conference.

ii) The movement was started in 1920. iii) The movement was observed in three

stages. iv) Firstly the Indians renounced the titles

and honours received from the British. v) Secondly there were large scale

demonstrations including hartals. vi) Final stage was non-payment of taxes. vii) The Congress session at Ahmedabad in

1921 called upon the people not to pay taxes to the government till the demands were met with.

viii) Gandhiji advised his followers not to involve in violence.

Reason for Suspension : i) But at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh,

on Feb. 5th 1922, a procession of 1000 peasants was organised.

ii) The police fired at the peasants. iii) The angry peasants burnt a police station

and killed 22 police men. iv) Gandhiji was upset and suspended the

Non-co-operation Movement.

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PART – II49. (a) SAARC :

i) SAARC means the South As ian Association for Regional Co-operation.

ii) India took the initiative to form SAARC.iii) SAARC was formed to maintain peace at

regional level.iv) The first meeting of SAARC took place in

Dacca in Bangladesh.v) It took place on Dec 7th in 1985.vi) Mr. Ashan of Bangladesh was the first

Secretary General of SAARC. vii) The member countries are Bangladesh,

Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.

viii) On April 3rd 2007, the SAARC has opened its Annual Summit in New Delhi.

ix) The Afghan President Hamid Karzai attended the Conference.

x) Afghanistan became the 8th member of the SAARC.

xi) On 28th and 29th of April 2010 the 16th SAARC summit took place.

xii) The summit took place at Thimpu, the capital of Bhutan.

xiii) The SAARC countries identified mutual co-operation in the following areas.

a) Transportation b) Postal Servicec) Tourism d) Shippinge) Meteorology f) Health g) Agricultureh) Rural reconstructioni) Telecommunication

(OR)

(b) Role of Opposition Parties : i) The Opposition Parties should play a

constructive role. ii) The parties which do not get majority

seats are called opposition parties. iii) The leader of the opposition party enjoys

some privileges equivalent to that of a Cabinet Minister.

iv) The opposition party also functions in an effective manner.

v) Their work is no less important than that of the ruling parties.

vi) The Opposition parties keep a watch over the ruling party.

vii) This helps them to check the government from becoming authoritarian.

viii) The main duty of the opposition party is to criticize the policies of the government.

ix) Outside the Legislature the opposition parties attract the attention of the press.

x) They report their criticism of the government policy in the newspapers.

xi) The opposition parties have the right to check the expenditure of the government.

xii) During the question hour, the opposition parties criticize the government generally.

xiii) Thus the opposition parties try to restrain the government from abusing its power.

(OR)(c) Rights of consumers :

i) The consumers have the right to be protected against marketing of goods and services, which are hazardous to life and property.

ii) Consumers should be aware of the quality, quantity, purity, standard and price of goods and services.

iii) Consumers should have the access to variety of goods and services at competitive price.

iv) In case of a single supplier, the consumer has the right to be assured of satisfactory quality and service at a fair price.

v) The consumer welfare should be taken care at appropriate forums.

vi) Unfair trade practices and exploitation of consumers should be totally removed.

vii) Consumers should enjoy the right to fair settlement of the genuine grievances.

viii) They should have the knowledge about goods and issues relating to consumer welfare.

ix) The Right to information Act (RTI) was passed by the Indian Parliament on 12th Oct. 2005.

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x) This Act enables the citizens to use their fundamental right to access information from public bodies.

xi) The main objectives of this Act is to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority.

xii) The RTI covers all levels of government Centre, State, district and the local self governing bodies, non-governmental organization like NGOs, VOs and other private bodies.

xiii) Every citizen has the right to put in an application requesting information or copies of records held by these bodies.

PART – III

50. (a) Forests provide valuable timber for domestic and commercial use and raw materials for industries.

i) It provides many products such as Lac, Gum, Resins, Tanning materials, Medicines, Herbs, Honey and Spices.

ii) Forests help to earn foreign exchange through exports of forest products.

iii) It helps in dairy farming and developing tourism.

iv) It controls air pollution, soil erosion, floods and land reclamation.

v) I t moderates c l imate, mainta ins underground water table and provides a natural habitat for animals and birds.

vi) Forests meet 40% of energy needs of the country.

(OR)(b) Roadways : i) The Indian Roads are cost efficient and

the most popular dominant mode of transport linking different parts of our country.

ii) Road network in India is the second longest in the world accounting for 3.314 million km.

iii) The roads are classified as follows. a) Village Roads b) District Roads c) State Highway d) National Highway e) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways f) Express Highways

g) Border Roads h) International Highwaysa) Village Roads : i) Village roads link different villages with

towns. They are maintained by village panchayats.

ii) In India Village roads run to a length of 26,50,000 Kms.

b) District Roads : i) District Roads link the towns with

the district headquarters. They are maintained by the Corporations and Municipalities.

ii) These roads run to a length of 4,67,763 kms.

c) State Highways : i) State Highways link the state capitals

with different district headquarters. ii) The roads are constructed and

maintained by the State Public Works Department (SPWD)

iii) The State Highways runs to a length of 1,31,899 km.

d) National Highways : i) National Highways link the state capitals

with national capital. ii) They are the primary road system of our

country. iii) They are maintained by the Central

Public Works Department (CPWD). iv) It runs to a length of 92,851 km.e) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways : i) It is a major road development project

launched by the Government of India. ii) It runs to a length of 14,846 km

connecting the major cities of India. iii) It includes six lane Super Highways and

North South Corridor and East West Corridor.

iv) The agreement between the private sector and the government for the construction of road is based on the concept of Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT).

f) Express Highways : i) They are the technologically improved

high class roads in the Indian Road Network.

ii) These are 6 lane roads. They run to a length of more than 200 km.

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iii) Eg. New Mumbai - Pune Road.g) Border Roads : i) Border Roads are the roads constructed

along the northern and north eastern borders of our country.

ii) These roads are constructed and m a i n t a i n e d b y B o r d e r R o a d s Organisation (BRO) which was set up in 1960 by the Government of India.

iii) BRO is regarded as a symbol of nation building, national integration and an inseparable component in maintaining the security of the country.

iv) The organisation has constructed 46,780 km of roads in difficult terrain.

v) Border Road Organisa t ion has constructed the world’s highest road connecting Manali (H.P) to Leh (Kashmir) at an altitude of 4270 mts.

h) International Highways : i) International Highways are the roads that

link India with neighbouring countries for promoting harmonious relationship with them.

(OR)(c) Advantages of remote sensing : i) Remote sensing has the ability to provide

a synoptic view of a wide area in a single frame.

ii) Remote sensing systems detect features of inaccessible areas that cannot be reached by human vision.

Eg: Equatorial forest in the Congo basin, Africa.

iii) Cheaper and rapid method of acquiring up-to-date and continuous information over a geographical area.

Eg: It helps agriculturists to identity the areas affected by pests, crop related diseases etc.

iv) It helps the planners for formulating policies and programs to achieve the holistic functioning of the environment.

Eg: Spots the areas of natural disasters such as tsunami, drought prone, flood affected and cyclone hit areas and helps in providing relief and rehabilitation program in the affected areas.

v) It enables the cartographers to prepare thematic maps like geological maps, soil

maps, population maps etc, with great speed and accuracy.

PART – IV

51. a) National Income : National Income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year.

b) The need for the study of National Income arises due to the following factors :

i) To measure the size of the economy and level of country’s economic performance.

ii) To measure the production of goods and services.

iii) To trace the trend (or) speed of the economic growth of our country in relation to previous years and that of other countries.

iv) To know the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sector in the National Income.

v) To help government, to formulate development plans and policies to increase economic growth.

(OR)

(b) a) (i) The economic reforms aimed at rapid industrialisation. (ii) As a result, industrial licensing was abolished, foreign investment was encouraged. (iii) Private sector and public sector worked together. (iv) Multinational companies like Nokia, Ford, Hyundai have made investments in India. (v) Small scale and cottage industries were allowed to expand, by providing them concessions.

b) Economic reforms of 1991 are as follows (i) Liberalisation (ii) Privatisation (iii) Globalisation

i) Liberalisation : Liberalisation means movement towards free market system. It is otherwise known as withdrawal of regulation and restrictions for private sectors.

ii) Privatisations : Privatisation means transforming all economic activities from public sector to private sector. It also refers to the setting up of private units in public utility services.

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iii) Globalisation : Globalisation refers the worldwide movement towards economic, financial, trade, and communication integration. The finished goods also find a place in the global market.

(OR)(c) i) Green Revolution was introduced in the

year 1967.ii) The ICAR introduced this new strategy

through land reforms. High Yielding Variety Seeds were used and improved irrigation facilities were provided to increase the agricultural production.

iii) The Green Revolution means increasing production of food grains by using HYV seeds – especially of wheat and rice.

iv) HYV seeds require regular supply of water, fertilizer, pesticides and financial resources.

v) The credit of introducing high yielding variety seeds goes to Indian Council of Agriculture Research and many agricultural universit ies in India particularly Ludhiana, Pantnagar (UP) and Coimbatore. India achieved self sufficiency in food grain production through Green Revolution.

vi) As a result of Green Revolution large number of states benefited by producing more crops.

vii) India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production through Green Revolution.

SECTION – VI

52. Time Line Chart (Any five events)

Scale : (1 Unit = 10 Years)

1930 1930 Salt Sathyagraha, First Round Table Conference1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Second Round Table Conference1932 Communal Award, Poona Pact, 3rd Round Table Conference

1935 Government of India Act

1939 Beginning of the 2nd World War1940 Demand for Pakistan, August Offer

1942 Arrival of Cripp’s Mission, Quit India Movement

1945 End of the Second World War1946 Arrival of Cabinet Mission1947 Mount Batten Plan, Indian Independence Act1948 Assassination of Gandhi

1950 Indian Constitution came into force, India became a Republic

1940

1950

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SECTION – VII

53. (a) Mark the following places in the given outline Map of Asia.

(i) Turkey (ii) Phillipines (iii) Farmosa (iv) Sakhalin Island (v) SingaporeASIA

30°

Sakh

alin

Isla

nds

Form

osa

(Tai

wan

)Ph

illip

ines

Turk

ey

Sing

apor

e

Pacific Ocean

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53. (b) Mark the following places in the given outline Map of India.

(i) Delhi (ii) Barailley (iii) Araah (iv) Vedaranyam (v) Chauri Chaura

Barailley

Araah

Delhi

Chauri Chaura

Vedaranyam

N

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54. Mark any ten of the following places / regions on the given outline Map of India.

(i) Mt. K2 (ii) Gulf of Mannar (iii) Western Coastal Plain (iv) Vishakhapatnam (v) Cherrapunji (vi) The Headquarters of the Indian Railways (vii) One Tea Growing area (viii) Rann of Kutch (ix) River cauvery (x) Thar Desert (xi) Black Soil Area (xii) Sunderbans (xiii) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (xiv) Mumbai (xv) Waterway from Chennai to Kolkatta

Sundarbans

Cherrapunji

Black Soil Area

Delhi

Headquarters of the “Indian Railways” : Delhi

Mt. K2

Ra

MumbaiVishakhapatnam

Western Costal Plain

Wate

rway

from C

hennai

to Kolka

ttaKolkatta

ChennaiRiver Cauvery

nn ofKachchh

�ar Desert

Andam

an and Nicobar IslandsGulf of

Mannar

Tea Growing Area (Kerala)

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