Stead-EaseBME Senior Design

Midterm PresentationOctober 22, 2009

Andrea Castaneda - Daniel Miranda - Jennifer Wang - Kevin Yeroushalmi - Joseph YoussefProject Advisor: Clark Hung

Course Advisors: Elizabeth Hillman – Keith Yeager – Lauren Grosberg

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• In the US, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 400,000 people, primarily people between the ages of 20 and 40

• In the US, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) affects approximately 550,000 people, primarily people over the age of 40

• In the US, Essential Tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder, affects approximately 1.5 million people, primarily people over the age of 40

TremorsType Activation Frequency Associated Disorder/Disease

“Essential” Movement 10-12 Hz Essential Tremor

Intention Target- directed movement

2-5 Hz Multiple SclerosisEssential Tremor

Postural Counter-gravity position

8-12 Hz Essential Tremor

Resting Relaxation 3-7 Hz Parkinson’s Disease

Physiological None 8-12 Hz None

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Available TreatmentsTreatment Pros Cons

Therapies

Drug Therapy Non-invasive~$150 pppy for PD

Loss of effectiveness over timeInduced motor complications~$40,000 pppy for MS

Physical Therapy

Maintains range of motion and flexibility

Cannot cure symptoms or diseases

Occupational Therapy

Adjusts to individual lifestyles Does not address the actual problem

Procedures

Deep Brain Stimulation

Adjustable stimulationTargets electrical signals in specific areas of the brain

Invasive surgery~ $150,000

Plasma Exchange

Removes antibodies that destroy myelin

InfectionBlood clotting

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Design Problem• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Essential Tremor (ET) cause intention

tremors

• Assistive devices are commercially available

• Many different methods of treatment are available, but not always appropriate or effective

• Currently, no devices sufficiently reduce tremors and/or guide movement

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Design Brief• Detection and dampening of unwanted motion in the forearm

and/or wrist

• Assist patient in eating, writing, and transporting objects

• Temporary attachment to user

• Inconspicuous design to avoid public attention

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Assistive Devices

Products that Reduce Tremors

Pros Cons

Feedback allows for specific control

~850 gWill further fatigue arm and tremor could increase from overexertion

Focus on three regions for complete tremor analysis and dampening

Bulky and unsightly which causes patient embarrassment

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Products that Reduce TremorsConstraints &

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Pros Cons

Distal tremor suppression good for task specific devices

Does not have feedback input to adjust to different tremors

Relatively small and coverable

Might cause pain due to stiff wrist design

Products that Reduce Tremors

Pros Cons

Use of viscous fluid for resistance to tremor

Finger piece obstructive in completing tasks device is intended for

Adjustable resistance in dashpots

Dampening is 2D and does not occur laterally

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Design Constraints

• Functionality– Selective tremor reduction– Must not inhibit range of motion

• Aesthetics– Must not be bulky

• Safety– Must be easy to use, adjust and remove device– Should not injure or harm the user in any way

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• Functionality– Elasticity for adjusting degree of control/ dampening

• Aesthetics– Will be lightweight– Inconspicuous, form-fitting device

• Safety– Nontoxic, hypoallergenic, noncarcinogenic, non- latex materials

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Idea 1Constraints &

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Bead Sleeve

Linear Accelerometer

Leads

Actuators

Chains of metal beads

Battery

Thin, light, breathable material

Form- fitting sleeve

Idea 2Magneto-Rheological Fluid Sleeve

Linear Accelerometer

Leads

Actuators

Magneto-Rheological (MR) Fluid

Metal coils for magnetic field

Battery

Thin, light, breathable material

Form- fitting sleeve

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Idea 3

Arm-Tray Clamp

System attached to surface with a clamp

Series of segments and joints connected by springs

Arm tray attached to system

Adjustable elastic bands around arm tray

Adjustable threshold, air- filled dashpot

Spring coupled with dashpot

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Acknowledgements

• Faculty Advisor: Clark Hung• Course Advisors:– Elizabeth Hillman– Keith Yeager– Lauren Grosberg

• Professional Consultants:– Paul Greene, MD– Joseph Mayer, MD

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