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V`m Masv %Ombv zan M}zl{ mab

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(a zmy gsmf abf g n n}s v za v mf ymzs glb  

li v `m mssaw {}jn gs`mf gb

xxx"aswemv z g a "l zh . :;;7%:;1 ;'

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Lz{`m}s. Zleab elsago abf fmvagn. [mzhaelb e}sm}e. Jmzngb

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1=9; M}zl{m

17:? M}zl{m

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 1"O}nv}zan [lnwhnlvgse"TImjz}azw =. :;;7U

Elvvl"

V`zl}h` vgem(s `lxngbh onaelz a ylgom li v`m blv`gbh" V`zl}h` o`avvmzgbh amlb a xagngbh li `}eabs" 

N}ogab Jnaha' 

A ngems z}bs v`zl}h` v`m egffnm li M}zl{m. v`m lnf Zleab ngems lb v`m Fab}jm"O`aznmeahbm ozmavmf a bmx jlzfmzngbm flxb v`m ombvzm li M}zl{m. v`m Ngems  _lzajgo}s. v`av onmaznw eazdmf ansl a o}nv}zan jlzfmz" Gb v`m maznw 17=;s. v`m`gsvlzgab Lsdaz @anmodg sdmvo`mf a elfmn li M}zl{m. gfmbvgiwgbh v`zmmeaozl%zmhglbs3 Xmsvmzb M}zl{m. Ombvzan M}zl{m abf Masvmzb M}zl{m" Gb

@anmodg‗s ygmx. Ombvzan M}zl{m olbsgsvs li vxl {azvs ‟ Xmsv%Ombvzan M}zl{mHmzeabw abf A}svzga' abf Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m v`m vmzzgvlzgms jmvxmmbHmzeabw abf Z}ssga'" @gsvlzgoannw. Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m gbon}fms v`m hzl}{ liol}bvzgms x`go` imnn }bfmz _lygmv flegbavglb" 

Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m gs blv a svavgo ajsvzaovglb" V`m ole{nmp {avvmzb ligbvmzaovglb zgsms l}v li v`m {mo}ngaz as{mov li ngems mv`ls as v`m sgvm li olbvgb}gvwli v`m azo`ago abf li a {azaflpgoan iavangsvgo l{vgegse. abf oab {zlygfm a {gov}zmli ole{zm`mbsgym olzzms{lbfmboms gb s{aom abf vgem % v`m e}nvgsoanm abfeabw%yan}mf o`zlblvl{m" Vl {aza{`zasm Egnab D}bfmza. gv gs a o}nv}zm lz a iavm"Gi gv eaw jm sagf v`av v`mzm gs a nlbhgbh ilz ab msoa{m izle v`m vmzzlz li a ngbmazemabgbhnmss `gsvlzw ‟ ilz mpae{nm. aivmz elfmzbgvw‗s avvme{v av ‐emelzwmzas}zm‗. Jlzgs Hzlws {zl{lsms ‐mzas}zm li mzas}zm‗ vl fmsozgjm v`molbvme{lzazw ‐hnljan‗ sgv}avglb % gv eaw ansl jm sagf v`av v`m Masv%OmbvzanM}zl{mab o}nv}zan s{aom. v`m ‐ngegban nlo}s‗ x`mzm smegls{`mzms olem gbvlolbvaov. gbvmzsmov abf lymzna{. bmomssazgnw fmblvms v`m {lvmbvgan li {lssgjgngvgmsv`av o}nv}zm gs ajnm vl zmangm jw avvme{vgbh vl eadm smbsm li v`m {asv gb v`m{zmsmbv" 

Eazga Vlflzlya s}hhmsvs v`av emelzw. gfmbvgvw. abf `gsvlzgoan nmhaow azm v`m{mzvgbmbv oavmhlzgms li abanwsgs" [glvz [glvzlxsdw s{mads li „v`m lv`mz M}zl{m―.x`gnm Az{af _adlnoag `lnfs v`av v`m azma eaw jm ygmxmf as jlzfmznabfs liXmsvmzb ogygngavglb. as nloavmf „jmvxmmb v`m jlv` ewv`goan abf ymzw zman mbvgvgms‐Xmsv‗ abf ‐Masv‗ „" @lxmymz. „v`m olbom{v li Jlzfmzngbm gs vxlilnf―. zmeazdsAnmpabfmz X" Jmnljzavlx" „Lb v`m lbm `abf gv `as a sm{azavgbh i}bovglb abf lbv`m lv`mz `abf a jgbfgbh lbm―" ]bilzv}bavmnw. blvms _adlnoag. v`m azma `asjmmb sv}od vll nlbh gb vzabsgvlzgbmss. „gb a {zmoazgl}s ngegban olbfgvglb―"

V`mzm eaw jm ab anvmzbavgym. blb%oablbgmf `gsvlzw li vxmbvgmv` ombv}zw o}nv}zm.a `gsvlzw li {mzg{`mzw gb{}v abf fgs{mzsmf fgas{lzas. a `gsvlzw li v̀ m

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lebg{zmsmbom li {zmsmbv {asvs {nawi}nnw zmbmhlvgavmf jw mymzw bmx xlzd v̀ av gsgvsmni gbilzemf jw x`av {zmomfms gv" Lbm eaw ansl }bfmzsolzm v`m aejgyanmbomli v`m ombvmz abf {mzg{`mzw olbom{vs abf li v`m `gmzazo`go fgiimzmbvgavglbombvmz,{mzg{`mzw" Omsnax Egnls lbom zmeazdmf3 „Abf v`m gbvmnnmov}an [azgs liv`m 17=;s abf v`m 179;s v}zbmf xgv` mp{movavglb vlxazfs v`m Masv…Gv vmnns v`m

svlzw li `lx a ombvmz. jw nlsgbh iagv` gb gvsmni. o`abhms v`zl}h` zmsghbavglb gbvl a{mzg{`mzw―" 

X`mb lbm olbsgfmzs o}nv}zm. gv gs v`m gbvmzs}jcmovgym so`meas {mzvagbgbh vl v`m(olbsmbs}an fleagb( v`av azm zmnmyabv" Zlw F(Abfzafm me{nlws v`m vmze (o}nv}zanelfmns(" Aoolzfgbh vl F(Abfzafm. *a o}nv}zan elfmn gs a olhbgvgym so`mea v`av gsgbvmzs}jcmovgymnw s`azmf jw a slogan hzl}{*" A zmgbvmz{zmvavglb li Ego`amnDgeemn(s blvglb li fwbaego sxgvo`ms jmvxmmb o}nv}zm%mejmffmf lbvlnlhgmsv`zl}h` geahm%so`meava vzabsilzeavglbs abf mbole{assgbh oasms li {azvganole{avgjgngvw. eaw jm `lzglbvannw mpvmbfmf vl gbon}fm blb%ngbh}gsvgo {`mblemba"Gb v`m oasm li Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m. a xlznf olbsvabvnw xzaodmf jw o`abhms v`av

zagsm ahagb abf ahagb v`m gfmbvgvgms fgnmeea abf v`m v`zmav li ljngyglb. v`mo}nv}zan Fasmgb li v`m gbfgygf}an olbsgsvs li a {lsgvgym `mvmzazo`w v`av ol}{nmsyazgl}s nabh}ahms abf o}nv}zms vlxazf a oll{mzavgym s}zygyan }bgvw. xgv`l}vhgygbh }{ v`m a}vlblew li {azvs" Mygfmbvnw. v`mzm azm smymzan fgiimzmbv o}nv}zannlhgos av xlzd av v`m saem vgem. gbylnygbh gbvmzaovglb abf olbingovgbh gbvmzaovglb.abf. looasglbannw. v`m {`mblemblb li egemvgse. }bfmzsvllf jlv` gb v`mHgzazfgab smbsm li ‐egemvgo fmsgzm‗. abf gb v`m smbsm v`m vmze gs }smf gb jglnlhw.as a xaw vl ‐vzgod‗ v`m mbygzlbembv" 

Gv e}sv jm jlzbm gb egbf v`av. as Oazwn Memzslb {lgbvs l}v. „Ombvzan abf MasvM}zl{mabs ilz ann v`mgz olbvzgj}vglbs vl v`m ayabv%hazfm' `aym zl}vgbmnw svllf }{vl Xmsvmzb elfmns"― Vl a{{zlao` v`m q}msvglb li elfmzbgse‗s zmnavglbs`g{ vlvzafgvglb. gv eaw jm jzgminw blvmf `mzm v`av. {azaflpgoannw mbl}h`. vl vzabshzmssgs vl zmaiigze a ngegv'" Memzslb azh}ms v`av „mpgnm. fgs{naomembv.e}nvg%nabh}ahmfbmss. `mvmzlhnlssga. l}vsgfmbmss vl lbmsmni abf v`}s a vasvm ilzgzlbw…― olbsvgv}vm v`m fmigbgbh ollzfgbavms li a }bgq}m `mzgvahm. a{lnwombvmzmf gfmbvgvw olbbmovmf vl „igbfgbh v`mesmnyms anxaws jmvxmmb smymzano}nv}zms abf }bajnm vl nlsm v`mesmnyms gb abw lbm li v`me…― lz. sl vl s{mad.*{nabvmf gb mao` zmangvw. gbilzemf jw ann. ogzo}esozgjmf jw blbm*"

X`av gs gbvmzmsvgbh ajl}v e}nvgngbh}angse gs v`m }bgq}m svavm li ole{l}bfe}nvg%ole{mvmbom {lsv}navmf jw Gsvyab Dmosdms abf V}bfm [a{{. v`av gs aoleelb }bfmznwgbh {zligogmbow abf vxl lz elzm olbsvabvnw ayagnajnm gbvmzaovgbhswsvmes. blbm li x`go` gs v`m saem as v`m nabh}ahm swsvme li a elblngbh}an"Jzgab EaoX`gbbmw {lgbvs l}v v`av gb oasm li o`gnf`llf e}nvgngbh}angse. gv a{{mazsv`av e}nvg{nm nabh}ahms azm aoq}gzmf as sm{azavm mbvgvgms" ]nzgdm Cmssbmz azh}msv`av v`m gbozmasmf emvangbh}gsvgo sdgnns vzghhmz a `mgh`vmbmf axazmbmss li v`mazjgvzazw as{movs li nabh}ahm. li olhbgvym svwnms abf li swbvaovgo iaovlzs" Ann gb ann.v`m fwbaego li swsvmes ozmavms bmx svz}ov}zms abf memzhmbv {zl{mzvgms xgv`gbv`m {nawi}nbmss abf yazgavglb li o}nv}zm%s{mogigo emva{`lzgo igmnfs" 

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Nabh}ahm gs a zm{lsgvlzw li o}nv}zm" V`m iaov gs v`av. gb v`m ahm li Me{gzms.o}nv}zms nloavmf av a ozlsszlafs abf s}jcmovmf vl zm{mavmf olnlbgavglb abfassgegnavglb avvme{vs eaw immn v`m bmmf li ab mbol}bvmz xgv` v`m o}nv}zms x`go`mpmzogsm xgfms{zmaf gbin}mbom"  Dazmb Xlbh zmeazds v`av ab gbfgygf}an bmmfs „vljmolem in}mbv gb v`m nabh}ahm li dblxnmfhm― abf vl aoq}gzm „v`m nabh}ahm li v`m

o}zzmbvnw {zmflegbabv o}nv}zm―" V`m {lnwhnlv gb`ajgvs slemlbm mnsm(s o}nv}zm.gbon}fgbh ‐v`m‗ o}nv}zm lz o}nv}zms" X`av v`gs `mn{s gbsvghavm. abf olbvgb}ms vligbmssm. gs a o}nv}zan {lnwhnlvgse" Izle v`m jmhgbbgbh. a vzabsnloan e}nvg%gfmbvgwxmj abf a zmo}zsgymbmss li gfmbvgvw zmozmavglb. a jmgbh jmvxmmb abf asvzgfmo}nv}zms abf elygbh aozlss nabh}ahms abf o}nv}zan olbvmpv}zms smv sgfm jw sgfm.ge{nw a smolbf%lzfmz {mzs{movgym. ab mp{mzgmbvgan emvao}nv}zan smbsgjgngvw"Ab gbbmz emvanabh}ahm. e}nvg{nm gb`mzgvaboms abf e}nvg{nm olfgbhs. azm av xlzd"_molbf%lzfmz o}nv}zm fmngbmavglbs azm olbvgb}l}snw zmolbsvz}ovmf" V`m bmxmbvgvgms {zlf}omf jw v`m {mzg{avmvgo ge{}nsm l{mb }{ a sgv}avglban s{aom x`go`zmymns gb v`m izmmfle li a `lzglban gb%jmvxmmb vzabsombfgbh }bvzabsnavajnmdblvs" Flzgs Z}bmw {lgbvs l}v v`av {lnwhnlvs azm *blv (gb v`m xlznf( j}v zav`mz (gb

xlznfs(. fxmnngbh gb v`m ngegban s{aom li sge}nvabml}s jmnlbhgbhbmss abfblb%jmnlbhgbhbmss" 

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V`mlflz [annafw

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" :"Azvgsvgo [lnwhnlvgse"TEazo` 0. :;;7U

Elvvl"

Jm`lnf v`m zlaf gbsozgjmf gb vgem. Olems izle v`m fmaf. fzaxb flms gv_mme izle slbh. 

V`m `mayw oazv x`go` gb v`m mymbgbh(sF}sv gs hzlabgbh. 

Gs jzlv`mz vl ab lnf golblsvasgs" Zaf} Hwz' 

Gvaeaz Mymb%Sl`az fgso}ssms v`m olbvgb}l}s {zlomss li o}nv}zan gbvmzimzmbom3„Xm ann vmbf vl avvzgj}vm e}o` elzm emabgbhi}nbmss abf mp{zmssgygvw vl xlzfs gba ilzmghb nabh}ahm v`ab vl v`lsm li l}z lxb" X`gnm ilz a bavgym s{madmz omzvagb

mp{zmssglbs. }vvmzaboms. abf vmpvs azm fmigbgvmnw ‐jaban‗. ilz a blb%bavgym s{madmzv`mw eaw sl}bf {lxmzi}n abf izms`"― V`gs olbon}sglb eaw jm ansl a{{ngmf vlygs}an swsvmes3 „…ab a{{zl{zgavmf zm{mzvlgzm flms blv bmomssazgnw eagbvagbsl}zom o}nv}zm i}bovglbs…Vzabsimzs Tli lzhabgavglb. svz}ov}zm. lz zm{zmsmbvavglbswsvmesU livmb gbylnym i}bovglban s`givs"― Nmv }s. xgv` v`m `mn{ li ab mpae{nm.fmelbsvzavm v`msm svavmembvs" 

Gv gs s}iigogmbv vl zmoann a imx azvgsvs gbon}fmf gb v`m ‐igzsv‗ abf gb v`m ‐bmx‗ Çolnm fm [azgs3 Olbsvabvgb Jzabo}sg. Nl}gs Eazol}ssgs N}fxgd Dagegmz Xnafwsnax Eazd}s'.  C}nms [asogb C}ng}s Elzfmoag [gboas'. Eazo O`ahann. O`age _l}vgbm.Elìsm Dgsngbh. Lssg{ Safdgbm. _mzhm [lngadlii. Bgolnas fm _vaän. AbfzçNabsdlw. Eahfanmba F}egvzmsol%Oae{ghng. Anmpabfzm Gsvzavg. Bavanga F}egvzmsol.Fgegvzgm Yazjabmsol" V`m vmao`gbh abf v`mlzgms li Abfzç N`lvm `aym gbin}mbomfeabw Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab azvgsvs" V`m vzabsimz li Masv Asgab Oannghza{`go Azvvzafgvglbs xas emfgavmf jw v`m azvgsvs li v`m saem Çolnm fm [azgs. abf jw C}ng}sJgssgmz abf @abs @azv}bh li v`m Hz}{{m Smb" Eabw li v`m azvgsvs li v`m Çolnm fm[azgs xmzm smni%mpgnms. zmi}hmms. mp{avzgavms % Eg`ag G" _{azgls} s}hhmsvs v`avmpgnm gs a „n}fgo%ngegban mp{mzgmbom―" Anab F" Fm_abvgs q}lvms N" Hzgbjmzh abf Z" Hzgbjmzh3 „…ilz v`m mpgnm. fm{azv}zm gs ge{lsmf abf zmv}zb ge{lssgjnm―" Lbmeaw s{mad li n}fgo fgsnloavglb. lz. as Zgol Ngm saws. „v`m olbom{v lifgs{naomembv…gs gbvzgbsgoannw ngbdmf vl eghzavglb abf fgas{lza―" 

V`m azvgsvs mb}emzavmf ajlym xmzm. ljygl}snw. jg% lz e}nvg%ngbh}an" E}nvgngvmzaowmb`aboms v`m ajgngvw vl eabg{}navm nabh}ahm ilze. gbon}fgbh v`m hza{`go xzgvvmbilze % v`gbdgbh sdgnns azm j}gnv lb a il}bfavglb li olbozmvm nmazbgbh. x`go`gbon}fms mp{mzgmbom. ygs}an immfjaod abf elvlz aovgygvgms" V`mzm gs mygfmbomv`av `}eab olhbgvglb gs lzgmbvmf azl}bf ygsglb. gbfgoavgbh ansl v`av ngbh}gsvgoemelzw gs fgiimzmbv izle ygs}an emelzw" _vm{`mb Dlssnwb(s xlzd lb ygs}anemelzw abf ygs}an {mzom{vglb `as ge{ngoavmf elvlz olbvzln gb ygs}an geahmzw"

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Fabgnl Dgs gbfgoavms v`av v`m o`azaovmzgsvgo s`azmf jw Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mabazvgsvs gs v`m „axazmbmss li ilze…ilze as {lssgjgngvw li o`lgom. ilze v`av gs abavvme{v vl nloavm {lgbvs li i}noz}e ngdm v`lsm li Azo`gemfms gb v`m o`als azl}bf}s―"

*A owjmzbmvgo elfmn xlzds jw smvvgbh }{ olbsvzagbvs.* zmeazds Mzbsv ylbHnasmzsimnf" Azv l{mzavms xgv` olbsvzagbvs zav`mz v`ab xgv` miigogmbv oa}sms % gvlbnw mngegbavms x`av flms blv igv. abf v`gs emabs nmazbgbh v`m ygajnm {av`"*Ilzes azm ozmavmf izle v`m olboavmbavglb li l{mzavglbs }{lb v`mesmnymsabf…azm…zav`mz gbfgoavglbs li {zlomssms…V`m onlsmf nll{ li {mzom{vglbloo}zs gb v`m mvmzbgvw li {zmsmbv gbfgygf}an vgem.* xzgvms Nl}gs @" Da}iieab" V`}slbm eaw s{mad li ogzo}naz l{mzavglbangvw. li v`m zmo}zsgym smni%ge{ngoavglb li ilze.abf ansl li gbfgzmov zmo}zsglb x`mb vxl lz elzm {zlomf}zms owongoannw oann mao`lv`mz" Ilze ge{ngms gvsmni as a emva%fgsvgbovglb. as a ilze li ilze" Ge{ngogv gb v`gsgs a fm%{zgygnmhgbh li nlhlombvzgse abf emvabazzavgyms" 

Ab azvgsv(s s{ngv jmvxmmb o}nv}zms jmolems a {lvmbvgan emabs li fma}vleavggbhxlzb%l}v ilzean fmygoms. a svzavmhw li gbsmzvgbh abf assmzvgbh. li }{zllvgbh abffmiaegngazggbh" Egnmba Flnmmnlya%Ymngbhmzlya s}hhmsvs v`av ilz v`mjlzfmz%ozlssmz. „ab angmb swsvme gs ‐me{vw‗ abf oab jm a{{zl{zgavmf―" _meglvgome{vw sghbs. smeglvgo eabg{}navglbs. {mzom{v}an. `mzembm}vgo. smeglvgo svzabfsgbvmzsmov xgv`gb v`m ‐me{vw‗ eavzgp" Elzmlymz. Omsnax Egnls gbsgh`vi}nnwljsmzyms3 „ ‐Vl smm‗ emabs blv lbnw vl ̀ aym jmilzm lbm‗s mwms" Gv eaw emabansl vl {zmsmzym gb emelzw" ‐Vl smm abf vl fmsozgjm‗ eaw ansl emab vlzmolbsvz}ov gb geahgbavglb―" Lbm oab hzas{ v`m svlo`asvgo abf v`m bmomssazwxgv`gb v`m vzabsilzeavgym ilzom li iaz zmao`gbh vzabso}nv}zan {zlomssms ygmxmf as`wjzgf {zlomss" V`mzm gs anxaws ab l{{lzv}bgvw ilz ozlss%olfm gbvmzimzmbom.

olfm%sxgvo`gbh. fgsolbvgb}gvw lz {sm}flelz{`lsgs. abf a eabw%yan}mfa{{zlao`" V`m ozmavglb li a egpmf olfm xgnn blv anxaws ilnnlx v`m z}nms li mgv`mzgbgvgan olfm" O}nv}zm gs ole{nmp abf fwbaego. g"m" olbsvabvnw s}jcmov vl o`abhmabf nmazbgbh" Ab ‐lymzolfm‗ flms blv mzasm mazngmz lz anvmzbavm smeglvgos" IlzEgo`mn _mzzms. ole{nmpgvw. abf gvs {zmimzmbom ilz jl}bfazw. mp{zmssms ab mv`lsli fmombvzmfbmss abf baems a xabfmzgbh v`zl}h` v`m ozgss%ozlssmf va{msvzw lio}nv}zan ozlsszlafs"

Gv oabblv jm svzmssmf vll e}o` v`av gbfgiimzmbom vl v`m blvglb li a vmnls oab jmzmnavmf vl v`m fmymnl{embv li a ewv`gol%zgv}an elfm li a{{zm`mbfgbh abf li azgv}an lzv`l{zapw % fzlemba . ngvvmzannw v`gbhs {mzilzemf. x`go` `aym mbf}zmf gb ab

a%elfmzb Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m abf azm olbbmovmf xgv` v`m s{gzgv li {naw ilz gvslxb sadm" Clsm{` Bmmf`ae `as jma}vgi}nnw fgso}ssmf v`m olzzmnavgym ygmx{zmyanmbv gb {zmelfmzb o}nv}zms. v`av gs nawmzmf vzafgvglbs abf v`m fgssg{avgymilzoms gbylnymf gb vzabsegssglb" Ilnnlxgbh _vmym Iazemz. gv gs {mz`a{s xlzv`{lgbvgbh l}v v`av olzzmnavgym {mzs{movgyms lz olzzmnavgym swsvmes abf v`mgzsmni%sgegnaz abf izaovan svz}ov}zms `aym fmm{ bm}zljglnlhgoan zllvs" 

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Gb v`m igban gbsvabom. v`m ann%mejzaogbh gbvmzxlymb xmj li l{mzavglban o}nv}zanfwbaegos fgssmegbavms lymz fgiimzmbv elfmns a {zaovgom sge}nvabml}snw}bfmz{gbbgbh abf bmhavgbh `}eab }bfmzsvabfgbh" M}hmbm Hlzbw s}hhmsvs v`avmp{mzgmbogbh gs a zms}nv li a}vl%olee}bgoavglb % gb a}vl%olee}bgoavglb v`molbvmbv li v`m emssahm gs nmss ge{lzvabv v`ab gvs ilze abf gv gbylnyms a olbsvabv

zmygmxgbh }bfmz a elzm eazdmf ilzean lzhabgavglb" „Azv as ilze gs v`m nlo}sx`mzm v`m ajsln}vm jmolems dblxajnm" V`gs nlo}s. `lxmymz. flms blv olgbogfmxgv` v`m ajsln}vm―. xzgvms Abvllb Jzamodeab"

V`mlflz [annafw

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Bmemsgs. Zleab hlffmss li zmvzgj}vglb. `lnfgbh v`m x`mmn li ilzv}bm. 1=; AF

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" ?" Gbvmzeml"V`m Bml%Lzxmnngab Eafbmss"TA{zgn 9. :;;7U

Elvvl"Faffw. x`mzm v`mzm gs bl elzangvw. v`mzm gs olzz}{vglb. abf gi a slogmvw naods{zgbog{nms. v`av emabs gv flms blv `aym abw! Glb N}oa Oazahganm'

_vmiab Azvmbg. Fghgvan Ole{lsgvglb

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OmsŊax EgŊls ljsmzyms3 „Gi bg`gngse. as Bgmvso`m saws. olbsgsvs gb v`m nlss liemelzw. zmolymzw li emelzw gs a xma{lb ahagbsv bg`gngse―" Hmz`azv Bgmemwmz`as mp{lsmf v`m bg`gngsvgo olzm li Olee}bgsv gfmlnlhw il}bf gb Eazp(s assmzvglbv`av v`m {lgbv gs blv vl }bfmzsvabf v`m xlznf as gv gs j}v vl o`abhm gv. jw x`go` `memabv vzabsilzegbh gv gbvl slemv`gbh gv gs blv" Bgmemwmz saws3 *Vlvangvazgabgse

xl}nf blv jm {lssgjnm gb {zaovgom gi gv xmzm blv ilz a nlbh {mzglf li gbvmnnmov}anmzlsglb {zmomfgbh v`m afymbv li v`m aovgygsv*" @m olbvgb}ms3 „V`m iz}gv liOlee}bgsv z}nm e}sv jm s{gzgv}an o`als abf {zlhzmssgym jazjazgavglb"―

V`m Azo`g{mnahl li [lngvgoan [zgslbs gb Olee}bgsv Zleabga

Az{af _adlnoag avvme{vs vl olbom{v}angm v`m {zlhzaeem li ‐zminmpgym `gsvlzgoansloglnlhw‗" @m xzgvms3 „V`mzm gs. `lxmymz. ab mymb elzm ge{lzvabv"""nmymn limp{nabavglb" V`gs olbomzbs v`m olbfgvglbs }bfmz x`go` v`m ogygngsgbh {zlomss oabv}zb ahagbsv gvsmni. x`mzm v`m q}msvglb gs bl nlbhmz sge{nw a {azaflpgoanole{zlegsm jmvxmmb v`m ogygngsgbh {zlomss abf gvs l{{lsgvm. v`m ge{}nsms smvnllsm jw a {zmygl}s fgssln}vglb li lzfmz. j}v x`mzm v`m i}bfaembvanemo`abgses li v`m ogygngsgbh {zlomss azm miimovgymnw. {}z{lsmi}nnw abf

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mp{ngogvnw }bfmzegbmf" Gv gs av v`av nmymn v`av v`m vlvangvazgab elymembvs liv`m vxmbvgmv` ombv}zw oab jm nloavmf. xgv` v`m ge{lzvabv oaymav v`av v`mw azmymzw onlsmnw zmnavmf vl v`m"""gbinmovglbs li v`m ogygngsgbh {zlomss"""Lbom mymzwsmovglb li v`m mngvm xas mngegbavmf. v`m Olee}bgsv [azvw {mz{mv}avmf v`msgv}avglb jw ge{nmembvgbh v`m gbiael}s {zaovgom li (ol}bvmz%smnmovglb(" V`gs

ge{ngmf v`av {lsgvglbs zmq}gzgbh abw fmhzmm li nmafmzs`g{ av abw nmymn li svavm.slogmvw lz molblew xmzm ignnmf blv lb v`m jasgs li ajgngvw j}v nlwanvw vl v`m {azvw.olbvzlnnmf jw v`m (blembonav}za( swsvme"""Gb v`gs. v`mzm xas ab }bjzldmbolbvgb}gvw…V`m age zmeagbmf v`m saem3 v`m {zmymbvglb li v`m {lssgjgngvw li v`milzeavglb li a hmb}gbm mngvm… J}v v`m {zlf}ovglb abf zm{zlf}ovglb li ab mngvm. a{lln li gbfgygf}ans x`l azm zmafw abf ajnm vl {zlygfm nmafmzs`g{. gs fgiimzmbv izlemp{mzvgsm" Gv gs i}zv`mzelzm a slogan. blv ab gbfgygf}an {`mblemblb. abf v`molbfgvglbs v`av mpgsvmf f}zgbh v`m mbvgzm ngim%s{ab li olee}bgse xmzm fmvzgembvanvl v`m {lssgjgngvw ilz v`m memzhmbom li ab mngvm gb v`gs sloglnlhgoan smbsm" X`avxas {azvgo}naznw egssgbh v`mzm `as jmmb gfmbvgigmf as elsv ombvzan ilz v`milzeavglb li ab mngvm gb a 176: azvgonm jw Gsvyáb Jgjÿ" Aoolzfgbh vl `ge. v`m (oane

abf ozmavgym( aovgygvw li v`m mngvm zmq}gzms vxl v`gbhs3 v`m mpgsvmbom li a sloganolbsmbs}s jm`gbf v`m mngvm smnmovglb emo`abgses abf v`m aov}an assghbembv liemejmzs li v`m mngvm vl v`m {zl{mz {naoms gb v`m slogan svz}ov}zm" Jgjÿ i}zv`mzelzmsvavmf v`av ilz v`m s}oomssi}n {mzilzeabom li gvs vasds v`m mngvm `as vl jmsmni%olbigfmbv. smni%olbsogl}s abf ge{azvgan. xgv`l}v jmgbh olbomgvmf" Gb s}e. v`mmngvm li a slogmvw oab lbnw {mzilze gi gv gs hgymb svajnm abf oane olbfgvglbs ilz gvsaovgygvw. abf gi gvs yan}ms. gvs (o`lsmbbmss( gs hmbmzannw zmolhbgsmf jlv` jw v`mlv`mzs abf jw gvsmni…V`m {}ngbh iaov v`av v`m olnna{sm li v`m e}o`%`avmfolee}bgsv zmhgem xas blv e}o` {mzomgymf as a jzmad gb elsv ol}bvzgms li v`mzmhglb gs f}m vl v`m iaov v`av gv fgf blv mbf vzabsgvlzgbmss. v`m ombvzan o`azaovmzgsvgoli ngim }bfmz olee}bgse. lbnw anvmzmf gvs elfangvw"― 

Ajzae fm _xaab fmsozgjms v`m gbmygvajnm zms}nv3 „Ljygl}snw. x`av loo}zs }bfmzv`msm olbfgvglbs gs v`m j}zma}ozavgavglb li jazjazgse"― 

Gb v`m oasm li Zleabga. v`m {zm%xaz mngvm xas fmngjmzavmnw fmogeavmf abfeazpgse%nmbgbgse" olbvzgj}vmf vl x`av oab jm vmzemf o}nv}zmogfm ‖v`m avvme{v vlmzasm abf zm{naom v`m o}nv}zan elfmn abf v`m abogmbv o}svles abf zgvms" V`m‐bmx‗ lz ‐{lsvolee}bgsv‗ lymznlzfs `aym zgsmb izle aelbh v`m lnf olee}bgsvoafzms %% olnnmovgymnw dblxb as mgv`mz v`m blembonav}za. lz v`m –bmx onass‗fmsozgjmf jw Egnlyab Fcgnas. lz v`m –olee}bgsv azgsvlozaow‗. v`av gs vl saw v`mlbnw lbms {zgygnmhmf }bfmz v`m olee}bgsv zmhgem %% eagbnw f}m vl v`mgzafyabvahml}s {lsgvglbgbh gb v`m lnf bmvxlzds abf aoomss vl zmsl}zoms" V`mw azmgbmsoa{ajnw ngbdmf vl svz}ov}zms. bmvxlzds. v`gbdgbh. abf {zaovgoms li v`m {asv"V`m {zlomss li zmoz}gvgbh zman mngvms. }bvagbvmf jw gbylnymembv xgv` v`m lnfsvz}ov}zms. xas hzgfnlodmf jw v`m lnf oafzms" Ol%l{vglb jw Xmsvmzb gbsvgv}vglbs`as `mn{mf zmsvlzm v`m ‐olee}bgsv azgsvlozaow(s‗ {asv {zlegbmbom"

Gb v`m igmnf li o}nv}zm. xm azm smmgbh ab mpmzogsm gb a}v`lzgvw%j}gnfgbh jw ab mngvm olbsgsvgbh li v`m `mgzs li v`m olee}bgsv ‐bmx onass‗. elsvnw sa{ngbhs hzlxb gb v`m

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„vzmm%b}zsmzw ilz {azvw oafzms―. v`m sl%oannmf ‐jlwazs li v`m egbf‗ Zaf} Hwz{zmimzzmf v`m mp{zmssglb ‐o}nv}zan c}hhnmzs‗'. ab mngvm jmzmiv li abw nmhgvgeaow. abmngvm xgv` a bmhavgym geahm" V`m {lsvolee}bgsv mngvms `aym {mz{mv}avmf v`m*v`mw,}s* fgo`lvlew" 

V`mzm gs ab lnf Zleabgab {zlymzj v`av saws3 „V`m el}v` li a sgbbmz vmnns v`mvz}v`―" Gv xgnn v`mb s}iigom vl q}lvm a imx ngbms xzgvvmb jw _lzgb Abvl`g. lbm li v`m‐jlwazs li v`m egbf‗. dblxb blx as v`m {sm}fl%Flovlz `m iansmnw onagemf vl`lnf a [`"F" gb @gsvlzw izle v`m ]bgymzsgvw li GaŜg' x`l `af ansl smzymf as abgbilzemz ilz Zleabga(s olee}bgsv%mza Fm{azvembv li _vavm _mo}zgvw" Gb abazvgonm mbvgvnmf „Zleabgab o}nv}zm gs a igovglb―. {}jngs`mf gb Olbvzailzv ?%988%0;'. Eazo`%C}bm :;;1. Abvl`g `as clvvmf flxb a s`lzv blvm ajl}v `gs imnnlxbml%o}nv}zbgds3 „V`m o}nv}zan mngvm…}nvgeavmnw a vgbw egblzgvw. gs vlvannw angmbavmfizle v`m slogmvw gv olems izle abf x`go` gv s`l}nf `mn{ lzgmbv gvsmni" Izle v`m{lngvgoan abf gfmlnlhgoan ygmx{lgbv. elsv vl{ o}nv}zan abf gbvmnnmov}an igh}zms liolbvme{lzazw Zleabga `aym jzldmb v`mgz zmnavglbs`g{ xgv` slogmvw gi v`mw mymz

`af abw!'" Jmvvgbh geelfmzavmnw lb a sdmvo`w abf jlyazgo xmsvmzbgavglb. jmgbhngdm svavm olee}bgse' bazogssgsvgo abf fms{gsgbh v`m {ml{nm‗s svgzzgbhs abf gnns.l}z o}nv}zan mngvm…`as iagnmf gb gvs `gsvlzgoan egssglb…― V`msm azm v`m iaovs xms`l}nf zminmov lb" Xm s`l}nf ansl zmoann @leg J`aj`a‗s xlzfs3 „Egegozw abfeasq}mzafm azm jlzb izle v`m fmsgzm vl jm mq}an. aoom{vmf abf zmolhbgmf4bmymzv`mnmss. egegozw flms blv jzgbh }s onlsmz vl v`m mssmbom. gv lbnw ozmavmsme{vw easds abf emabgbhnmss ilzes li gegvavglb„"

V`m xlznf gs jmolegbh elzm }bgilze abf svabfazfgmf" Fmewv`gavglb `asjmolem fm`gsvlzgavglb" _{mogigo o}nv}zan elfmns azm vzabs{lzvmf fgzmovnw izlelbm ol}bvzw vl ablv`mz" Vzabsbavglban bml%nmbgbgse a{{mazs vl `aym jmolem v`mhnljanggbh Smgvhmgsv li v`m :1sv ombv}zw" V`m emhafzmaes li sgv}avglbgsvs abfbml%sgv}avglbgsvs `aym jmmb vzabsilzemf gbvl j}zma}ozavgo ahmbogms" Bmymzjmilzm `as v`m swbo`zlbgavglb xgv` lbm {azvgo}naz o}nv}zan {avvmzb jmmb li s}o`hnljan fgembsglbs abf sl ole{zm`mbsgym" Lymznlaf. blgsm. naod li {zmogsglb abfghblzabom. olbsvz}ov v`mgz ngegvmf abf olbvzafgovlzw dblxnmfhm }bfmz swsvmes lismbsm v`av zmf}om o}nv}zan ole{nmpgvw vl o`gngasvgo mosvasw" _wsvmeavgo mzas}zm liann o}nv}zan emelzw gs ge{ngogv" Nmsmd Dlnadlxsdg `af {zmfgovmf3 *V`m s{movmz gssvzlbhmz v`ab v`m s{mnns xm oasv lb gv" Gv egh`v olem jaod vl ngim"* Gv zm%a{{mazs. gvogzonms. gv zm%mbvmzs v`m svahm"

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_vmiab Azvmbg. Fghgvan Ole{lsgvglb

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Flegbgq}m Blh}m. Nmbgbm Fafa. Nm Fgnmvvabvm. :;;8

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 6"V`m Ayabvhazfm abf Eazpgse"TA{zgn 9. :;;7U

Elvvl"

Azv gs hlgbh vl snmm{ ilz a bmx xlznf vl jm jlzb" Vzgsvab Vaza'

„O`zlblnlhgoannw abf apglnlhgoannw. M}zl{m gs igzsvnw"""v`m M}zl{m li asomvgo%bljnm{mzslbangse" V`m nmiv gs vll wl}bh vl onage abw hzmav ao`gmymembv" Gv `as blv wmvj}gnv abwv`gbh nasvgbh. gv l{{lsms v`m H}nah vl v`m oav`mfzans. abf {azvw aovgygsvsvl elbazo`s―. xzgvms Egzoma [navlb" [navlb s{mads. li ol}zsm. ajl}v v`m M}zl{mli bavglbs. a M}zl{m v`av. dgfba{{mf. fgs{naomf. abf jzagbxas`mf. bmymzv`mnmssgbsgsvs lb fmimbfgbh gvs gfmbvgvw"

Egnab D}bfmza `as fmigbmf bavglban gfmbvgvw gb v`gs xaw3 *V`m gfmbvgvw li a {ml{nmabf li a ogygngsavglb gs zminmovmf gb x`av `as jmmb ozmavmf jw v`m egbf % gb x`av gs

dblxb as (o}nv}zm"( Gi v`gs gfmbvgvw gs v`zmavmbmf xgv` mpvgbovglb. o}nv}zan ngim hzlxsolzzms{lbfgbhnw elzm gbvmbsm. elzm ge{lzvabv. }bvgn o}nv}zan ngim gvsmni jmolemsv`m ngygbh yan}m azl}bf x`go` ann {ml{nm zannw"* Lbom l}z `gsvlzgoan {asv abf l}zo}nv}zm. v`av x`go` hgyms l}z {zmsmbv aovglbs abf zmangvw emabgbh jw jmgbh a {azvli v`m vzabsombfmbv,mvmzban' `as jmmb fmolbsvz}ovmf % smmb vl jm vlvannw iansm abfl{{zmssgym % v`mzm gs blv`gbh nmiv vl `lnf slogmvw vlhmv`mz" „Jzmadgbh v`m olbvgb}gvwxgv` v`m {asv. xabvgbh vl jmhgb ahagb. gs a nlxmzgbh li eab abf a {nahgazgse liv`m lzabh}vab.― xzgvms Clsm Lzvmha w Hassmv"

V`m sloglnlhgoan hzl}bf li v`m vmze ‐ayabvhazfm‗ gs egngvazw abf {lngvgoan. asAzegb Dlm`nmz ̀ as {lgbvmf l}v" Gv `as blv`gbh vl fl xgv` azv {zapgs" Gv gs a eavvmz

li olbvmpv%s`giv. lz. as Jlzgs Hzlws saws. li ab mpo`abhm jmvxmmb v̀ m s{`mzmsli v`m yan}mf abf v`m yan}mnmss. a dgbf li Bgmvso`mab fm% lz zm%yan}avglb liyan}ms" Gv l{mzavms }bfmz v`m s{mnn li a Eazpgsv ljsmssglb" Clsmi EazgaJlo`mbsdg o`azaovmzgmf Eazpgse as a flheavgo swsvme v`av gs lbnw {lsv}navmfabf jmngmymf. ab ‐av`mgsvgo oavmo`gse‗" V`m eazpgsv ‐o}nv}zan zmyln}vglb‗ xas blvlbnw fgzmovmf av {swo`lnlhgoan abf {`wsgoan abbg`gnavglb abf s}{{zmssglb. j}vole{zgsmf v`m mnmembv li emelzgogfm"  Emelzgogfm gs v`m fmsvz}ovglb liolnnmovgym olbsogl}sbmss abf emelzw" V`m elfmzb }vl{gab abf fwsvl{gabzmnavglbs`g{. v`m avvme{v av emelzgogfm lz mzas}zm. gs ilnnlxmf. aoolzfgbh vl_vcm{ab H" Emsvzlygo. jw v`m olbin}mbom li ‐{lsvelfmzbgse‗ abf{lsvolee}bgse" V`m zmombv zmygsglbgsv zmolbsgfmzgbh li _logangsv Zmangse abf li

v`m azv li v`m S`fably mza eaw jm myan}avmf gb v`m olbvmpv li {lsv%lzv`lflpeazpgab vmbfmbogms abf v`m avvme{vs vl zmso}m a eazpgsv ygmx li `gsvlzw" Egd`agnM{svmgb zmoanns Cmab Ja}fzgnnazf‗s olbom{v li ‐sge}navglb‗ as lbm li v`m fmigbgvglbsli {lsvelfmzbgse3 „Elfmns li zmangvw zm{naom zmangvw gvsmni―" @mbom M{svmgbolbon}fms v`av _logangsv Zmangse. v`m sge}navgym zmangvw li a o}nv}zm. xas vz}nw{lsvelfmzbgsv ‐ayabv na nmvvzm‗" V}leas Bmyabngbba zmeazds v`av „_logangsvZmangse agemf vl zmangm v`m ayabvhazfm }vl{ga jw }sgbh v`m emv`lfs livzafgvglban azv―" Zmbm Hgzazf‗s egemvgo fmsgzm v`mlzw. x`mb a{{ngmf vl _logangsv

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Zmangse‗s a{{zl{zgavglb li bgbmvmmbv` ombv}zw liigogan Aoafmego svwnms. eaws}hhmsv a zmnavglb jmvxmmb blvgogbh lbm‗s lxb gbs}iigogmbow abf ab molblew lizmymbhm" 

X`av gs v`m `gsvlzgoan ayabv%hazfm< Nmv }s zmv}zb vl a xlzdajnm fmigbgvglb abf vl

gvs lzghgban }sm xgv`gb v`m Eazpgsv so`lln li v`l}h`v" Eazmd Dxgmd {lgbvs l}v v`avv`m ongo`ç li v`m ‐gbvmnnmov}an‗ as nmhgsnavlz abf gbvmz{zmvmz lz li v`m ‐{`gnlsl{`mz%{zl{`mv‗. v`m {av`ls li a {zlygfmbvgan `gsvlzw li zmfme{vglb. `aym jmmbfgs{naomf vlxazfs v`m azv swsvme" V`m iannaogl}sbmss li v`gs gfma gs nmsss}z{zgsgbh v`ab gvs {zmyanmbom" V`m azv ljcmov gvsmni {naws lbnw ab gbogfmbvan zlnm"Gbsvmaf li sghb {zlomssms as emelzw {zlomssms. v`mzm gs a iannaogl}s ajsvzaovglbolbf}ogym vl amsv`mvgo bmhavgygvw v`av ozmavms a smni%{mz{mv}avgbh olbingov" Fafa`l{mf vl fmsvzlw vzafgvglban yan}ms gb o}nv}zm. amsv`mvgos. abf azv" Gb `gs ‐Nmbgbmfafa‗. Çfgvglbs Nm Fgnmvvabvm. :;;8. Flegbgq}m Blh}m asds v`m q}msvglb3 ol}nfNmbgb `aym jmmb Fafa gboazbavm< Vaza(s eab}sozg{v *AZO* a{{mazs olymzmfxgv` v`m `abfxzgvgbh li Nmbgb" _lygmv ]vl{ga xas jlzb gb v`m seldm zgsgbh izle

v`m i}bmzan {wzm li a Z}ssgab Me{gzm x`go` `af jmmb swsvmeavgoannwfmolbsvz}ovmf jw Nmbgb abf `gs olbizàzms abf ilnnlxmzs" Gb lv`mz xlzfs. v`mombv}zw li ayabvhazfms agemf av v}zbgbh amsv`mvgos gbvl s}zzlhavm li {lngvgos. v`}s{aygbh v`m xaw ilz v`m hmblogfan olee}bgsv Hmsaevd}bsvxmzd i}mnnmf jw abajsln}vm `avzmf li abwv`gbh vzafgvglban" „Izle v`m jmhgbbgbh. v`m age li zafgoanazvgsvgo ayabvhazfms `as olbsgsvmf gb blv`gbh mnsm j}v v`m mnmyavglb li v`m azvxlzdvl a ngim%svwnm ‟ abf {lssgjnw v`m ngimsvwnm li v`m mbvgzm slogmvw…Izle v`m svazv.v`gs {zlcmov gs vlvangsgbh lz. gi lbm xgs`ms vl saw sl. vlvangvazw…Elfmzbvlvangvazgabgse gs lbnw v`m zafgoan eavmzgangavglb li v`gs age.― xzgvms Jlzgs Hzlws"

Hmbm Zaw T xxx"ngbdsbmv"fm U {zl{lsms a sgegnaz fmsozg{vglb3 „Fzaxgbh lb blx%

onassgo Izabdi}zv _o`lln ozgvgq}ms li azvgsvgo a}vlblew. G xgnn sdmvo` v`m l}vngbms liv`m oa{gvangsv azv swsvme. gbon}fgbh gvs gfmlnlhw li v`m azvgsv abf gvs gbsvgv}vglbs abfslogan i}bovglbs" V`gs xgnn eadm gv {lssgjnm vl zmolhbgm v`zmm {lssgjnm elfmns ilzozgvgoan abf zafgoan o}nv}zan {zaovgom3 ‐ozgvgoannw aiigzeavgym azv.‗ ayabv%hazfm{zaovgoms. abf ‐bleafgo‗ {zaovgoms…hzl}{s abf bmvxlzds li I}v}zgsvs. Fafa.Z}ssgab O}jl%I}v}zgsvs. Olbsvz}ovgygsvs. _}{zmeavgsvs. abf _}zzmangsvs" Xgv` v`mmpom{vglb li v`m Gvangab I}v}zgsvs. x`l blvlzgl}snw jmoaem gbylnymf xgv` iasogsv{lngvgos. v`m lv`mz hzl}{gbhs li v`m `gsvlzgoan ayabv%hazfms xmzm eafm }{ lizafgoan nmivgsvs x`l. abazo`gsv lz eazpgsv gb lzgmbvavglb. oab ozmfgjnw jm fmsozgjmfas ‐abvg%oa{gvangsv"‗―"

TA elzm oazmi}n abf aoo}zavm zmolbsvz}ovglb li v`m I}v}zgsv elymembvs abf liv`mgz af`mzmbom vl v`m nlhgoangvw li vxl gfmlnlhgms gs bmmfmf" Eazh`mzgva _aziavvg.*na flbba fmn F}om* E}sslngbg‗s egsvzmss'. azvs zmfaovlz ilz [l{lnl f(Gvanga . v`mF}om‗s olbigfabvm abf jglhza{`mz. {nawmf ab ge{lzvabv zlnm gb v`m gbymbvglb liiasogse. abf navmz ozmavmf v`m Blymombvl elymembv. a elymembv x`go` afl{vmfab mbvgzmnw lzghgban gbvmz{zmvavglb li v`m hzabf Gvangab {govlzgan vzafgvglb Eazgl_gzlbg‗s Eabgimsvl li E}zan [agbvgbh. 17??. {zm{azmf v`m vmzzagb ilz a zmygyan lie}zan fmolzavglb'. afyloavmf vmo`bgoan aoole{ngs`embv abf {zlelvmf a jlnfnw

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elfmzbgsv fmsghb abf azo`gvmov}zm. zmymangbh v`}s v`m zmnavglbs`g{ jmvxmmbIasogse abf elfmzbgse" _ayglba Eabm. V`m Cmxgs` Elv`mz li Iasogse.A}h}sv 8. :;;9. `vv{3,,xxx"`aazmv"ole,`asmb,s{ahms,8?=67:"`ven ' Eabwi}v}zgsvs xmbv lb vl jmolem v`m nmafgbh azvgsvs li Blymombvl" V`m _vza{amsmhzl}{ il}bfmf jw Hglzhgl Elzabfg abf clgbmf jw _liigog. Zlsag abf Oazzë. ansl

afyloavmf a zmv}zb vl vzafgvglb"Lb v`m lv`mz `abf. Z}ssgab i}v}zgsvs ozmavmf a elymembv oannmf ole%i}v}zgseolee}bgsv%i}v}zgse'" Elsv li v`me. gbon}fgbh Eagadlysdw. v`m jazf li v`m bmx_lygmv zmhgem x`l xzlvm v`m iael}s ymzsm3 *Nmbgb ngyms. ngymf abf xgnn ngym*. xgnn

 clgb Nmbgb‗s jlns`mygds abf v`m gfmlnlhw li {zlnmvazgab gbvmzbavglbangse"

Jmhgbbgbh gb Ozaolx gb 1718. [lngs` Ilzegsvs agemf vl ozmavm a bavglban ymzsglbli elfmzbgse" Ilzegsvs izmq}mbvnw {agbvmf zmnghgl}s v`mems" _vabgsnax GhbaowXgvdgmxgo xzlvm3 *Xm ngym gb a izgh`vi}n m{lo`"""TaU `lzzgjnm. {agbi}n. gbsabmelbsvzlsgvw v`av gs {assmf lii as jmgbh v`m myln}vglb li slogan {zlhzmss"* A sgegnaz

elymembv mpgsvmf gb Ozlavga" Jlv` elymembvs fzmx lb ann ilzean swsvmes abfmp{mzgembvs. gbon}fgbh ilnd azv. o}jgse abf i}v}zgse. abf oannmf ilz a s{gzgv}anzmc}ymbavglb li M}zl{m Vgelv`w L" Jmbslb. mfgvlz. Ombvzan M}zl{mab Ayabv%Hazfms3 Mpo`abhm abf Vzabsilzeavglb. 171;%17?;. EGV [zmss. :;;:'"Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab bavglbs xmzm vzwgbh vl zmaiigze v`mgz gfmbvgvw abf v`mgzbavglban vzafgvglbs jw olbvmsvgbh a sgbhnm. elblngv`go elfmzbgse" V`mgbvmzbavglbangsv ayabvhazfm xl}nf `aym zmcmovmf v`msm gfmas as zmaovglbazw"U

Gb `gs ‐V`mlzw li v`m Ayabvhazfm‗.1786. [mvmz J}mzhmz. a fgsog{nm li v`m eazpgsvIzabdi}zv _o`lln. gbfgoavms v`av. x`mb fmigbgbh ab ayabvhazfm. „v`m q}msvglb gsli zmyln}vglbggbh ngim. blv li ozmavgbh ilzes v`av azm fmsvgbmf vl jmolem v`mljcmov li amsv`mvgo olbvme{navglb―" [mvmz J}mzhmz fmsozgjms v`m azv li v`mayabvhazfm. v`m oavmhlzgms li blb%azv. abvg%azv. abf a%azv. as v`m fmsvz}ovglb liazv‗s vzafgvglb" @m xzgvms3 „V`m ayabvhazfgsvms {zl{lsmf v`m s}jnavglb lz azv}jnavglb gb v`m @mhmngab smbsm li v`m vmze3 azv xas blv vl jm sge{nw fmsvzlwmf.j}v vzabsimzzmf vl v`m {zapgs li ngim x`mzm gv xl}nf jm {zmsmzymf. anjmgv gb a o`abhmf ilze"" gv gs""" v`m avvme{v vl lzhabgm a bmx ngim {zapgs izle a jasgs gb azv"""Lbnw ab azv v`m olbvmbvs li x`lsm gbfgygf}an xlzds gs x`lnnw fgsvgbov izle v`m jaf' {zapgs li v`m mpgsvgbh slogmvw oab jm v`m ombvmz v`av oab jm v`m svazvgbh {lgbv ilz v`m lzhabgavglb li a bmx ngim {zapgs―" 

V`m aiigngavglb xgv` olee}bgse li eabw fafagsvs abf s}zzmangsvs gs xmnn dblxb.Fab O"Eg`agnmso} oanns v`me „olegbvmzb‗s vlws―" Xm xgnn embvglb lbnw a imxbaems3 Ygovlz Jza}bmz ahmbv li v`m olegbvmzb'. C}nms [mza`ge `fablygsvsavza{'. H`mzasge N}oa Hgnnms Fmnm}m‗s iayl}zgvm4 gb 1798 H`mzasge N}oaxzlvm lb v`m e}zan O}ja Olnnmovgya fmfgoavmf vl Igfmn Oasvzl3 ¤Na {lçsgm sabsnabh}m. na zçyln}vglb sabs {mzslbbm. n‗ael}z sabs igb"´'" Eabw {zl{`mvs li }vl{gaabf gbvmzbavglbangsv Vmbfmbd}bsv azv mbhahç ' xgnngbhnw ge{nmembvmf v`m‐{zlnmvo}nv‗ flovzgbm abf v`m jlns`mygd {lngow li fmsmozavglb abf fmsvz}ovglb ‟ v`mwxmzm smmgbh v`m {zlegsmf nabf. v`mw xmzm {zlonagegbh v`m {zgelzfgangvw li

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{lngvgoannw olzzmov olbvmbv abf. olbsmq}mbvnw. blymnvw xas h}azabvmmf jw v`m‐bmx‗ olbvmbv"

A zmombv mp`gjgvglb fmfgoavmf vl Gvangab azv li v`m :;v` ombv}zw onlsmf xgv` v`msmovglb ‐Vaj}na Zasa‗ fmylvmf vl v`zmm azvgsvs li v`m {lsv%xaz {mzglf x`l

gbvmbfmf vl zmaovgyavm v`m s{gzgv li v`m ayabvhazfm3 Ilbvaba. J}zzg. abf Eablbg"‐Vaj}na Zasa‗ sghbgigms ab avvme{v av ozmavglb ‐mp bg`gnl‗" Gv gs a emssgabgsexgv`l}v v`m Emssga` x`lsm l}volem `as jmmb fmsozgjmf jw Egzoma [navlb3 „v`m`gfml}sbmss li a xasvmnabf―" V`m Blymombvl" Ajsvzaovglb" Gvangab azv li v`m :;v` ombv}zw. = Imjz}azw :;;= ‟:6 A{zgn :;;=. _agbv [mvmzsj}zh. @mzegvahm E}sm}e.  E}sml fg azvm elfmzba molbvme{lzabma fg Vzmbvl m Zlymzmvl.`vv{3,,mbhngs`"eazv"vzmbvl"gv,olbvmpv\elsvzm\elbfl"cs{<GF\NGBD5?69)azma59:){ahm5: ' 

Xmsvmzb%svwnm svwngavglb li v`m ayabvhazfm as {azafghe `as v}zbmf gbvl a slzv lizmvzl}vl{gabgse" V`m }sm li v`m vmze as a eazdmvgbh vlln `as jmolemxgfms{zmaf" Emv`lflnlhgoannw. xm s`l}nf aodblxnmfhm v`m ge{lzvabom ligfmlnlhw. fgsvgbh}gs`gbh v`m ayabvhazfm izle elymembvs smmdgbh lbnw gbblyavgymilzeangavglb swsvmes ‟ svzgovnw s{madgbh. bmgv`mz Jzabo}sg. blz [annafw eaw jmfmsozgjmf as jmnlbhgbh vl v`m ayabvhazfm" V`m emzognmss fmewv`gavglb li v`m{asv gs {azv abf {azomn li v`m bmx abf fmogfmfnw vzmbfw aoafmego ‐fgsol}zsm‗ j}vbl fmewv`gavglb li eazpgse gs vadgbh {naom" V`mzm gs bmmf ilz a fmewv`gavglb liv`m ayabvhazfm"

Eazomn Cabol. Easq}m [lzvzagv fm Vaza'. 1717

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Hgbl _mymzgbg. 17:8

Hgbl _mymzgbg. 17:7

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Eassgel Oae{ghng. 17:8

Eassgel Oae{ghng. 17=;

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  :=

Eazgl _gzlbg. 17:9%17:8

Eazgl _gzlbg. 17?9

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Eazgl _gzlbg. 176;

Eazgl _gzlbg. 176;s

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Hglzhgl Elzabfg. 1761

Hglzhgl Elzabfg. 1791

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Eavgna Olsvgmsol H`wda

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" =" V`m Xaw gs V`m Q}msv"TA{zgn 9. :;;7U

Elvvl"

I}v}zm vgem abf wmsvmzwmazAzm vxl sgfms li v`m saem nmai._mms gb mbfgbh v`m jmhgbbgbh@m x`l dblxs v`m nmazbmz‗s xaw"

Eg`ag Megbmso}'

Jazzw _egv` {lgbvs vl a omzvagb ole{azavgym afyabvahm {lssmssmf jw seannmzol}bvzgms gb v`lsm igmnfs blv zmq}gzgbh sghbgigoabv mp{mbfgv}zms. s}o` aseav`meavgos. lz gb v`lsm igmnfs x`mzm v`m gss}m li v`m bavgym nabh}ahm gs lismolbfazw ge{lzvabom. s}o` as v`m ygs}an azvs" V`gs afyabvahm oab jm oazzgmflymz ansl vl lv`mz s{`mzms. s}o` as {`gnlsl{`w. o}nv}zan abv`zl{lnlhw abf o}nv}zan

smeglvgos" V`m [lnm Zleab Gbhazfmb. v`m Omo` Cab [avloda. v`m ZleabgabsEavgna Olsvgmsol H`wda. N}ogab Jnaha abf [mvz} ]zsao`m. v`m Jmssazajgab%Zleabgab Abfzmg Yazvgo. v`m Msvlbgab W}zg Nlveab. azm j}v a imx mpae{nmsfmelbsvzavgbh `lx zghlzl}s smmdmzs ilz vz}v` azm anxaws {azv abf {azomn li xlznfo}nv}zm"

Vlfaw. v`m avvme{v vl swbo`zlbgm Zleabgab o}nv}zm xgv` v`m Xmsvmzb lbm. a{zlomss ge{lsmf jw ab msvajngs`embv gbs}navmf izle a nloan vzafgvglb gv bmymz}bfmzsvllf abf x`go` gv fgs{azahms. emabs aoom{vabom li abf swbo`zlbgavglbxgv` v`m {zmyagngbh bml%nmbgbgsv emnvgbh {lv elfmn" @lxmymz. v`mzm `as nlbh jmmbabf v`mzm svgnn gs a ygajnm anvmzbavgym elfmn x`go` `as s`lxb olbomzb ilz o}nv}zanfgymzsgvw. a elfmn x`go` ages av „gbvmhzavgbh To}nv}zanU {azvgo}nazgvgms asfgiimzmboms. gb a o}nv}zm li fgiimzmbom.― as Lygfg} @}zf}m} `as xzgvvmb. baemnwv`m {lnw%olbvmpv}zan eavzgp fgso}ssmf gb {zmygl}s {a{mzs. v`m vzabsonassgol{mzavglban gbvmz{naw li a `mvmzazo`w li olmpgsvgbh o}nv}zan fleagbs abf li asge}nvabml}s {n}zangvw li gbvmzxlymb zmo}zsgym abf {mze}vavgym fgymzsgvgms"

Eavgna Olsvgmsol H`wda gs v`m ilzmz}bbmz. ms{mogannw x`mb gv olems vlgbymsvghavgbh v`m Hlnfmb Emab. lbm li v`m elsv ge{lzvabv emejmzs li v`mEmvanngo Emabs Iaegnw" V`gs zmq}gzms a hmbmzangavglb li v`m olbom{v lisweemvzw" V`m elfmzb olbom{v li sweemvzw gs olbbmovmf xgv` Imngp Dnmgb‗shzl}{ v`mlzw" Dnmgb‗s fgsolymzgms abf `gs gfma li sweemvzw oab blx jm ygs}angmfjw }sgbh ole{}vmz hza{`gos3 v`m jma}vgi}n olbsvz}ovglbs vmmvmzgbh lb v`m jzgbd lio`als zminmov v`m abogmbv J}ff`gsv emva{`lz li Gbfza(s bmv" Gv xas ajl}v v`msms}jcmovs v`av Eavgna H`wda xzlvm"

Xm s`l}nf blvm v`av xm eaw v`gbd li ygs}an a{{zm`mbsglb as ab mpvmbsglb gbeabw xaws li Dnmgb‗s hzl}{ v`mlzw3 „…ljcmov zmolhbgvglb abf oavmhlzgavglb oabjm fmsozgjmf gb vmzes li hmlemvzgoan vzabsilzeavglbs. abf xgnn s}hhmsv avzabsilzeavglban izaemxlzd. jasmf lb Dnmgb‗s `gmzazo`w li hmlemvzgoan

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vzabsilzeavglb hzl}{s""" v`gs vzabsilzeavglban izaemxlzd oab jm mpvmbfmf vl{govlzgan s{aom… Dnmgb {zl{lsmf a oleelb izaemxlzd x`go` gbvmhzavms fgiimzmbvhmlemvzgms gbvl lbm hmbmzan izaemxlzd3 @gs Mznabhmb [zlhzae fmigbms a bmsvmf`gmzazo`w li vzabsilzeavglb hzl}{s. gb x`go` a hmlemvzw gs fmigbmf zmnavgym vls{mogigo vzabsilzeavglb hzl}{s" Hmlemvzgoan {zl{mzvgms abf ljcmovs azm blv

ajsln}vm. j}v zmnavgym vl vzabsilzeavglb hzl}{s… V`m `gmzazo`w livzabsilzeavglbs li Imngp Dnmgb‗s Mznabhmb [zlhzae {zlygfms ab gbvmhzavgymizaemxlzd ilz v`m sv}fw li ygs}an {mzom{vglb. as xmnn as ilz v`m `gsvlzw li azv"―Eazd}s Hzai. Ilze abf _{aom gb [mzom{vglb abf Azv. [zmsmbvmf av3 V`mFm{govgym _{aom li [mzom{vglb" A Olbimzmbom lb Ygs}an V`l}h`v. Egvvmnm}zl{aIl}bfavglb. :;;6'

V`m hmbmzangmf olbom{v li sweemvzw olymzs {mzs{movgym3 ‒Gb v`m {mzs{movgym liazvgsvs xm igbf a olejgbavglb li v`m sweemvzw vzabsilzeavglbs aiigbm {zlcmovglbabf sgegngv}fm"―Hwlzhw Fazyas. [mzs{movgym as a _weemvzw Vzabsilzeavglb.

`vv{3,,xxx"s{zgbhmzngbd"ole,olbvmbv,w=011=?6=9:;8e96,i}nnvmpv"{fi 'As zmsmazo` `as fmelbsvzavmf. hmlemvzgo hzgfs fzaxb xgv`gb v`m hlnfmb abf zllv{`g zmovabhnms eaw ozmavm {mzs{movgym s{aom3 ‒Gv smmes v`av Jz}bmnnmso`g‗smp{mzgmboms xgv` emas}zmembvs abf s}zymwgbh x`gnm gb Zlem"""{}v `ge gb abgfman sgv}avglb vl olbomgym li v`m {zlomss li {mzs{movgym fzaxgbh4 j}v mymb xgv`v`gs gb egbf. G e}sv ansl zmeagb l{mb vl v`m {lssgjgngvgms v`av hmlemvzw abfhmlemvzgo olbsvz}ovglb'. jw gvs bav}zm. xas ansl a oavanwsv ilz v`m bmx xaw liv`gbdgbh abf smmgbh"""G jmngmym gv gs ge{lzvabv vl nlld av v`m {zlomss li hzgf eadgbhas {lssgjnw a dmw mnmembv gb v`m fmymnl{embv li {mzs{movgym swsvmes"―Eazd A" Zmwblnfs. [mzs{movgya Hmlemvzgoa.`vv{3,,xxx"s{zgbhmzngbd"ole,olbvmbv,`76x?90?b09:68=0,i}nnvmpv"{fi '

Ab azgsvlozavgo Mbhngs` iaegnw. v`m _gvxmnns. `af jl}h`v v`m abogmbv Elbvmh}ilbgoasvnm sgv}avmf gb v`m ombvzm li V}soabw" Gb 17::. Hgbl _mymzgbg xas asdmf vlfmolzavm a zlle xgv` izmsols" _mymzgbg me{nlwmf olejgbavglbs li v`m {`g THlnfmbEmabU v`mem as xmnn as v`m zllv 6 v`mem" @gs ole{lsgvglb so`mea ilz a 17?8elsago gb Anmssabfzga‗s [lsvan [anaom xas jasmf lb v`m {`g v`mem" NmOlzj}sgmz‗s Elf}nlz gs {zljajnw v`m jmsv dblxb fmsghb jasmf lb v`m HlnfmbEmab. gb omnmjzavglb li x`go` Nm Olzj}sgmz ozmavmf `gs 17== {lzvilngl mbvgvnmf[làem fm N‗Abhnm Fzlgv " 

*Jma}vw gs igvbmss mp{zmssmf".* sagf H`woa" *Gbs{gzavglb. mymb {assglb gs gbfmmfbmomssazw ilz ozmavgym azv. j}v v`m dblxnmfhm li v`m _ogmbom li _{aom. li v`mV`mlzw li [zl{lzvglbs. iaz izle bazzlxgbh v`m ozmavgym {lxmz li v`m azvgsv. l{mbsilz `ge ab gbigbgvm yazgmvw li o`lgoms xgv`gb v`m zmane li swe{`lbgo ole{lsgvglb"*Lzghgbangvw. v`mzmilzm. flms blv s}hhmsv v`m elfmzb blvglb li ab mzas}zm livzafgvglb as a jzmadv`zl}h`. j}v zav`mz v`m smbsm li }vgnggbh v`m `gh`msv {lvmbvganli a egnnmbbgan nmhaow li vzafgvglbgbh x`go` `as zmol}zsm vl {zmilze}navmf.{zmiajzgoavmf j}gnfgbh jnlods as gv zmngms. lb v`m lbm `abf. lb zmo}zzgbh {avvmzbs

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xgv`gb a ozmavgym%ilze}nago olbvgb}}e abf. lb v`m lv`mz `abf. lb v`m {azaflpgoanolejgbavglb li olbvgbhmbow abf bmomssgvw" Nmv }s avvmbvgymnw ngsvmb vl OlbsvabvgbJzabo}sg‗s xlzfs3 „G xand v`m q}msvgbh {av`" Xm ann igbf l}zsmnyms av v`m mbf li ahzmav ahm" Abf gv gs bmomssazw vl hl jaod vl v`m jmhgbbgbh li ann v`gbhs4 abf vligbf ahagb ann v`av `as jmmb nlsv…_ge{ngogvw gs slnymf ole{nmpgvw…Jw emabs li

azv. wl} xgnn jm fgsclgbmf izle wl}zsmni" Emas}zm abf v`m hlnfmb b}ejmz xgnn jzgbhwl} onlsmz vl v`m ajsln}vm…Azv eaw zmfmme v`m xlznf"― 

Eav`meavgogabs `aym olbvgb}mf vl j}gnf lb v`m igze il}bfavglb msvajngs`mf jwH`wda. {zlygfgbh a swbv`msgs jmvxmmb O`als V`mlzw Ole{nmpgvw'. IzaovanHmlemvzw. abf v`m Hlnfmb Emab" V`m Hlnfmb Emab gs elzm v`ab c}sv a fmygom}smf jw azvgsvs3 „… V`gs zavgl aovs as ab l{vgegsmf {zljajgngvw l{mzavlz. afgiimzmbvgan mq}avglb ngdm ab lsognnavgbh jgbazw sxgvo`'. x`mbmymz xm ljsmzym v`mq}asg%{mzglfgo myln}vglb li a fwbaegoan swsvme…V`m Hlnfmb Emab v`mb. gs abazo`mvw{an izaovan gb v`av gv {zmsmzyms gvs zmnavglbs`g{ xgv` gvsmni…Gv gs ‐abanlhga‗mpme{ngigmf…―

Bghmn Zmafgbh. Fwbaegoan _weemvzgms3 A}vl{lgmvgo Azo`gvmov}zm.`vv{3,,xxx"hmlogvgms"ole,Azma=1,_vazs`g{,7:;1,{`gemha,{`gemha"`ven '

Jmoa}sm li v`m sge{ngogvw li v`gs iaegnw li q}afzavgo mq}avglbs. v`m Emvvango Emabsigbf yazgl}s a{{ngoavglbs gb sogmbom abf gb fgsolymzgbh v`m zlafs v`av nmaf vlo`als3 „_lem li v`m zmnavgyms li v`m Hlnfmb Emab `aym jmmb }smf jw {`wsgogsvsgb v`mgz navmsv zmsmazo`ms vzwgbh vl abanwm v`m jm`ayglz li blb%ngbmaz fwbaegoanswsvmes gb hlgbh izle {mzglfgogvw vl q}asg%{mzglfgogvw… V`m emejmzs li v`m EEITEmvvango Emabs IaegnwU azm gbvzgbsgoannw zmnavmf xgv` v`m lbsmv izle a {mzglfgofwbaegos vl a q}asg%{mzglfgo fwbaegos. xgv` v`m vzabsgvglb izle lzfmz vl o`alsabf xgv` vgem gzzmymzsgjgngvw. as {zlymf jw Gnwa [zghlhgbm abf E" _" Mn Baso`gm"―Ymza X" fm _{gbafmn. V`m Iaegnw li Emvanngo Emabs.xxx"eg"sab}"ao"w},ygseav`,s{gbafmn,gbfmp"`ven 4 smm ansl Ymza X" fm _{gbafmn.Izle v`m Hlnfmb Emab vl O`als. 1770. Mfgvlzgan B}mya Ngjzmzåa. J}mbls Agzms.Azhmbvgba"'

H`wda‗s xlzd gs i}bfaembvan vl ab }bfmzsvabfgbh li swejlngo fwbaegos3 „…mao`swsvme li {zl{lzvglbs hgyms zgsm vl a smq}mbom li 1(s abf ;(s zmimzzmf vl gb v`msv}fw li fwbaegoan swsvmes as swejlngo fwbaegos" [zl{lzvglban swsvmes jasmflb {`g. zllv :. abf zllv ? xmzm v`m {zgbog{an swsvmes }smf vl ozmavm v`m j}gnfgbhsabf fmsghbs li abvgq}gvw… Zllv : abf zllv ? hmlemvzgms ansl `aym olbbmovglbsvl v`m sweemvzw hzl}{s li v`m {nabm… „ Caw Da{{zaii. _wsvmes li [zl{lzvglb gbFmsghb abf Azo`gvmov}zm abf V`mgz Zmnavglbs`g{ vl Fwbaegoan _wsvmes V`mlzw.`vv{3,,emejmzs"vzg{lf"ole,ygseav`,da{{zaii,da{1"`ve '

Nl}gs @" Da}iieab fmymnl{s a olbvmpv ilz smni%zmimzmbvgan ilzes" @m s}eeazgmslbm li `gs azvgonms v`}s3 „V`gs {a{mz fmymnl{s a olbvmpv ilz v`m xmnn%dblxbIgjlbaoog smq}mbom 1. 1. :. ?. =. 0. 1?. """' gb vmzes li smni%zmimzmbvgan ilzes abfa jasgs ilz eav`meavgos gb vmzes li fgsvgbovglbs v`av gs `azelbgl}s xgv`

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C}ab Hzgs

C}ab Hzgs

C}ab Hzgs

8/14/2019 Stefan Arteni The East-Central European Cultural Model

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  ?6

Caoq}ms Ygnnlb

Caoq}ms Ygnnlb

8/14/2019 Stefan Arteni The East-Central European Cultural Model

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  ?=

Caoq}ms Ygnnlb

Caoq}ms Ygnnlb

Caoq}ms Ygnnlb

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  ?9

Lvvlbm Zlsag

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  ?8

_vmiab Azvmbg

_vmiab Azvmbg

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  ?0

Vďzvďzga vajnmvs.Bavglban Vzabswnyabgab @gsvlzw E}sm}e. On}c%Ba{loa

`vv{3,,xxx"m}zl{mabygzv}ane}sm}e"bmv '

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 9" Lbom ]{lb a Vgem"TA{zgn 9. :;;7U

Elvvl"

Xgv` hlfs ajl}v G(ym zlaemf. slnmnwembxazfs jaod vl olem"Glb [gnnav'

N}ogab Jnaha lbom sagf3 o}nv}zm ‒gs blv a n}p}zw v`av `}eabs eaw olbomfm vlv`mesmnyms as ab mejmnngs`embv. a n}p}zw x`go` eaw lz eaw blv mpgsv. o}nv}zm gsv`m zms}nv li a ole{nmembvazw l}v{l}zgbh izle v`m s{mogigogvw li `}eab mpgsvmbomas s}o`. ab mpgsvmbom xgv`gb ewsvmzw abf vlxazf zmymnavglb"―

Jlv` xzgvgbh abf {agbvgbh `aym jmmb olbbmovmf vl fgygbavglb abf v`m fmog{`mzgbhli eazds. v`m ilze li sghbs. v`m {azvgog{avglb gb lz asslogavglb xgv` ewsvmzw"

_mvs}ab Vabada _mbsmg fmsozgjms v`m azv li oannghza{`w v`}s3 „V`m Hlfs s{madv`zl}h` v`m jz}s` svzldms fzaxb jw v`m azvgsv"― V`m sabsdzgv an{`ajmv gs oannmffmyabahazg x`go` ngvmzannw emabs (ogvgms li v`m hlfs"( Hglzhgl Elzabfg aiigzes3„Hangnml zmeazdmf3 v`m vz}m jlld li {`gnlsl{`w. v`m jlld li bav}zm. gs xzgvvmb xgv`o`azaovmzs fgiimzmbv izle l}z an{`ajmv" V`msm o`azaovmzs azm3 vzgabhnms. sq}azms.ogzonms. s{`mzms. {wzaegfs. olbms abf lv`mz hmlemvzgo igh}zms" G immn v`avHangnml‗s v`gbdgbh gs angym…― V`m zgv}an gs ab aov}an svabfgbh abf ngygbh xgv`gb azv.a {azvgog{avglb gb gv. abf av v`m saem vgem ab aovgym {azvadgbh gb eagbvagbgbh v`m{zlomss" Anmpmg Caxnmbsdg lbom sagf v`av v`m azvgsvgo {zapgs jmolems zgv}an abfv`m {agbvgbh gvsmni jmolems {zawmz"

Abfzmg Yazvgo `as olgbmf v`m vmze ‐@lel Hmlemvzgo}s‗ vl fmsozgjm v`mablbwel}s ozmavlzs li abogmbv zgv}an hza{`go blvavglb swsvmes }smf as saozmf{anamlgbilzeavgos gb {zm%Gbfl%M}zl{mab Lnf M}zl{m3 ―V`m nazhm O}o}vmbg {lvs.s}{mzjnw {agbvmf xgv` hmlemvzgoannw ‐xzgvvmb‗ {`gnlsl{`goan lz azvgsvgo {lmes. lzv`m eabw iaomnmss igh}zgbms gbogsmf xgv` hmlemvzgo sghbs. ann il}bf gb O}o}vmbg%mza `}vs. zm{zmsmbv v`m `gh`msv nmymn zmao`mf jw a ogygngavglb jmilzm v`ma{{mazabom li liigogan _}emzgab xzgvgbh ajl}v ?:;; JO" V`m O}o}vmbg egzaonmxas jasmf lb a egnnmbazw dblxnmfhm li hmlemvzgo sghbs…sghbs x`go` olbvgb}mvl {zlvmov eab‗s ngim mymb blx. xgv`gb v`m xmj li v`m gbilzeavglb zmyln}vglb…Aoazmi}n gbymsvghavglb li v`l}sabfs li {anmlngv`go abf bmlngv`go gbogsmf eazdgbhss`lxs v`av gb _l}v`%Masvmzb M}zl{m. ‐@lel Hmlemvzgo}s‗ }smf a {mzimovan{`ajmv ilz olee}bgoavgbh abf svlzgbh gbilzeavglb ygvan ilz `gs jmgbhbmss…v`mgb`ajgvabvs li Lnf M}zl{m `af dblxnmfhm li sweemvzw. xmzm vandgbh ajl}v@maymb abf Mazv`. ajl}v _l}n ab _{gzgv. ajl}v v`m bmomssazw janabom li aovglbabf zmaovglb…― Abfzmg Yazvgo. L Gsvlzgm Hmlemvzgoa a N}g @lel _a{gmbs.`vv{3,,xxx"sozgjf"ole,flo,0:99:??,L%Gsvlzgm%Hmlemvzgo%A%a%N}g%@lel%_a{gmbs%Abfzmg%Yazvgo '

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o`azaovmzgsvgos li x`av xm }bfmzsvabf as xzgvgbh. zmhazfnmss li v`m egssgbholbbmovglb xgv` nabh}ahm…Gb v`gs {avvmzb. ab gfma gs ygs}annw asslogavmf xgv` asghb li xzgvgbh yga gvs zm{zmsmbvavglban ilze v`av eaw jm gfmbvgigmf xgv` a omzvagbljcmov' lz ‟ gb v`m oasm li ab ajsvzaov sghb ‟ yga gvs olbymbvglban }sm…― @azanf@aazeabb. V`m Fab}jm _ozg{v abf lv`mz Abogmbv Xzgvgbh _wsvmes3 A Vw{lnlhw li

Fgsvgbovgym Imav}zms. V`m Cl}zban li Azo`amlewv`lnlhw. Yln}em 6. B}ejmz 1.Xgbvmz :;;0'

Hza{`go blvavglbs xmzm blv emabv vl svabf anlbm. v`mw xmzm gbvmbfmf as as}{{lzv ilz emelzw abf zgv}an fmelbsvzavglb" „Izle v`m ymzw jmhgbbgbh. v`m sghbs}smf gb Lnf M}zl{mab xzgvgbh smme vl `aym jmmb asslogavmf xgv`…olselnlhw.{`gnlsl{`w. eahgo. zgv}an. fgygbavglb. s`aeabgse abf `mangbh…Ann ngim xas ngymf gba eahgoan olselnlhw…V`m sozg{v xl}nf jm a s`aeabgo vlln xgv` eahgoanlymzvlbms…gv xas a vlln ilz olee}bgoavgbh xgv` v`m hlfs"―Zlhmz Oanymznmw. V`m [zgean Z}bms" Azo`mvw{ms li Gbyloavglb abfMe{lxmzembv.

`vv{3,,jllds"hllhnm"ole,jllds<gf50{6L9wb`EO){h5[Z?)n{h5[[1)lvs5fo]n\QiGhg)fq5zlhmz$oanymznmw$v`m${zgean$z}bms)gm5G_L%00=7%1)l}v{}v5`ven '

Zgv}angavglb gbozmasms ge{aov v`zl}h` v`m }sm li zm{mvgvglb. `gh` gbvmbsgvw. svzlbholbvzasvs. anmzvgbh sghbans. abf svmzmlvw{w gb jasgo }bgvs" Caems X"Oazmw xzgvms3„Zgv}angavglb smms v`m lzghgban lz `gh`msv eabgimsvavglb li olee}bgoavglb…gb v`molbsvz}ovglb abf eagbvmbabom li ab lzfmzmf. emabgbhi}n o}nv}zan xlznf v`av oabsmzym as a olbvzln abf olbvagbmz ilz `}eab aovglb"― Zgv}an gs olee}bgoavglb gb aewv`go vlbh}m. v`m mp{zmssglb li a }bgymzsm li mp{mzgmbom. ole{zmssmf gbvl abmolblew li swejlns lymznlafmf gbvl azo`mvw{m" Zgv}an gs v`m {mzilzeabom v`avjgbfs zmnghazm ' v`m gbfgygf}an abf v`m s{mogigo vl v`m }bgymzsan abf azo`mvw{an"„V`gs elfmn `as gvs lzghgbs gb v`m zmsmazo` gbvl…lzan%ilze}nago `gh`%olbvmpvo}nv}zms li {zmsmbom ymsvmf gb zm{mvgvglb abf zgv}an" Izle a olbvme{lzazw{mzs{movgym. v`gs gs a vmo`bgq}m li owongoan zmc}ymbavglb. x`go`. as Izgmfzgo`Bgmvso`m {}v gv. ngvmzannw j}zbs emelzw gbvl `}eabs.― zmeazds @azve}v Xgbdnmz"

Eazomn Hzga}nm s{mads li (hza{`go iaovs( olbsvgv}vgbh a s`azmf zm{lsgvlzw lieavmzgangmf emelzw" V`m i}bovglb li v`m olbozmvm eazd gs olbomgymf jw _gelbJavvmsvgbg gb ab mp{mzgmbvgan zgv}an olbvmpv. zgv}an jmgbh ygmxmf as a oz}ogan {zlomssgb v`m vmpv}zm li emelzw svlzgbh abf olee}bgoavgym o}nv}zan jm`ayglz" Zlhmz_o`abd gbvzlf}oms v`m blvglbs li fwbaego emelzw izaemxlzd abf EmelzwLzhabgavglb [aodmv v`mlzw. v`av gs olbvgb}l}snw zmigbmf mp{mzgmbom%jasmfemelzw so`meava" Mnajlzavm j}v v`zgivw hza{`go ilze}nago swejlngo on}svmzs li

blvavglb abf v`mgz emvzgoan z`wv`ego swsvmes azm vzabs%ngbh}gsvgo" Hza{`goan{zlomssgbh zm%eadms. zm%ozmavms. zm%emejmzs v`m swsvme mao` vgem gv gsaov}angmf" V`m s`aeab%azvgsv gs a v`l}h`vi}n h}azfgab li nlzm" 

Lnf M}zl{m xas a o}nv}zan e}nvg{nmp x`go` me{`asgmf olbvgb}gvw" Navmz vzafgvglbsoazzw v`m emelzw li v`av abogmbv nmhaow" _lem eazdgbhs abf v`m dblxnmfhm v`mwmejlfgmf zmeagbmf gb }sm abf xmzm zmemejmzmf flxb v`m ombv}zgms AbfzmgYazvgo. Ole{nmp}n elbasvgo z}{msvz} fm na Ūg{lya. }zgaŜ vme{n} slnaz Ŝg

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ljsmzyavlz asvzlblego an abvgo`gvďůgg. [zmsmbvmf av3 _ge{lglb}n Ŝvggbůgigo‒O}o}vmbg ‟ =;;;―. ]bgymzsgvavma Vm`bgoď fgb Zm{}jngoa Elnflya. O`gŜgbď}. ?%6lovlejzgm. :;;8'" Fmm{%zllvmf o}nv}zan abf ewv`go {avvmzbs {mzsgsvmf" Ozaivs{mogangavglb abf mnajlzavm zgv}ans s}zygymf as s}jsvzav}e imav}zms" @lx fl xm}sm v`m nabh}ahm li vzafgvglb vl affzmss v`m {zmsmbv<

Blvm3V`m vmze Fab}jm sozg{v gs swblbwel}s xgv` v`m mazngmz vmze Lnf M}zl{mab sozg{vabf zmimzs vl eazdgbhs il}bf lb azvgiaovs mpoayavmf gb sl}v`%masv M}zl{mabazo`amlnlhgoan sgvms" V`m jmsv dblxb o}nv}zm hzl}{s azm Ygbąa (jmvxmmb v`m 9v`egnnmbbg}e abf v`m ?zf egnnmbbg}e JO' abf O}o}vmbg lz O}o}vmbg%Vzw{gnnga4jmvxmmb oa" ==;; JO abf :8=; JO'"

Eazol Emzngbg‗s ea{ s`lxgbh v`m azma x`mzm v`m Fab}jm sozg{v xas }smf `vv{3,,xxx"{zm`gsvlzw"gv,iv{,vazvazga\vajnmvs,emzngbgvazvazga"`ve '

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  6=

_vmi ab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 8" Ab A{lnlhga Ilz V`m Eglzgvgo_megls{`mzm"TCab}azw 8. :;1;U

Elvvl"Izle v`m ymzw elembv `gs `}eabbmss xas fmonazmf. v`m `}eab jmgbh ae{nws}zegsmf v`av v`m {zmsmbv%av%`abf xas bmgv`mz `gs {naom. blz `gs age. blz v`m bmsvli `gs oanngbh…

N}ogab Jnaha'

L`. I}nn%Li%Emzow. V`l}. v`m lbm x`lL}v li vxl oaz{s abf igym zlnnmf jzmafsIas`glbmf a el}bvagb `gh` li ygov}ansVl savgavm fmsvgv}vm ozlxfs.

Zm{mav. Wl} Hllf Lbm. V`gbm egzaonmAbf immf v`l}sabfs li `}bhzw el}v`s.V`mb dgbfnw {zawmz egbm fl `mazdmb3Hgym em a jasdmvi}n li oz}ejs!

Bgo`gilz Ozagbgo'

Lbm li v`m i}bfaembvan gbsgh`vs v`av `as jmmb nmafgbh N}ogab Jnaha‗s v`l}h`v gsv`m olbom{v li Eglzgvgo _{aom" V`m mp{zmssglb zmimzs vl v`m ilnd {lme Eglzgva·"Jnaha olgbmf v`gs emva{`lzgo wmv gbigbgvmnw swbv`mvgo mp{zmssglb gb v`m 17?;s vlmboa{s}navm `gs {`gnlsl{`w li o}nv}zm" ]bilzv}bavmnw. Jnaha(s {`gnlsl{`w `asbmymz zmomgymf e}o` avvmbvglb x`gnm. lymz v`m wmazs. v`m livmb%aj}smf xlzf‐eglzgvgo‗ `as olem vl `aym {mclzavgym olbblvavglbs" Xm xgnn smv l}v vl zmonage abfygbfgoavm v`m olbom{v li Eglzgvgo _{aom"

Jmnlx gs a smnmovglb li jzgmi mpomz{vs izle N}ogab Jnaha‗s 17?9 „V`m Eglzgvgo_{aom―" _aws Jnaha3 „Nmv }s ngsvmb"vl lbm li l}z ‐flgbas‗º…gv gs blv fgiigo}nv vliav`le a ymzw {azvgo}naz `lzglb l{mbgbh }{ gb v`m jaodhzl}bf li v`m ‐flgba‗" V`gs`lzglb gs v`m ‐{nag‗ T`gnnsgfm. {asv}zmnabfU" ‐[nag‗. v`av gs vl saw. a nlivw l{mb {nabm.lb a hzmmb el}bvagb snl{m. inlxgbh snlxnw vlxazf v`m yannmw…a s{mogigo `lzglb3a `gh`. z`wv`ego abf }bfmigbmf `lzglb ilzemf jw `gnn abf yannmw…Nmv }s oann v`gseavzgp%s{aom. `gh` abf yah}mnw }bf}navmf. oazzwgbh v`m s{mogigo aoombvs li aomzvagb immngbh li iavm3 v`m eglzgvgo s{aom……a sdmvo`w s{aom azvgo}navmf jw ngbms abf aoombvs. slemx`av so`meavgoannwsvz}ov}zmf. nloavmf gb abw oasm jmwlbf v`m olbvgbhmbogms li geemfgavm bav}zm"""―

Gb `gs „@lzglb abf _vwnm―. xzgvvmb gb v`m 17?;s. N}ogab Jnaha olbsvz}ms v`m{azaflpgoan vl{lnlhw li v`m eglzgvgo s{aom as v`m {zljnmeavgo li mbfnmssbmss3„V`m eab li v`m eglzgvgo s{aom `as v`m immngbh li a smmegbhnw {mzeabmbv. xayw.hlgbh lbxazf. li ab }bf}navmf gbigbgv}fm" V`m eab li v`m eglzgvgo s{aom smbsmsiavm as ab mbfnmss. elblvlbl}snw gvmzavmf. asombfgbh abf fmsombfgbh―"

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Gb v`m 1706 mssaw mbvgvnmf „Lb v`m smegls{`mzm―. W}zg Egd`agnlygo` Nlveab.il}bfmz li v`m Msvlbgab Vazv} so`lln li o}nv}zan smeglvgos. gbvzlf}omf v`mann%mejzaogbh vmze smegls{`mzm. x`go` `m fmigbmf as v`m s{aom li o}nv}zm. abajsvzaov s{aom x`go` gs „a olbhnlemzavm li jl}bfazgms fmigbgbh mymzo`abhgbhgbvmzban abf mpvmzban s{aoms―. a s{aom x`mzm v`m nloan abf slogl%o}nv}zan

smhembvs gbvmzsmov abf lymzna{ xgv`gb v`m smegls{`mzgo x`lnmbmss" Cl`b @azvnmwoleembvs v`av „v`mzm gs elzm v`ab lbm nmymn av x`go` lbm egh`v gfmbvgiw asmegls{`mzm % av v`m nmymn li a sgbhnm bavglban lz ngbh}gsvgo o}nv}zm. ilz gbsvabom. lzli a nazhmz }bgvw s}o` as ‐v`m Xmsv‗. zgh`v }{ vl ‐v`m s{mogms‗4 xm egh`v sgegnaznwo`azaovmzgm v`m smegls{`mzm li a {azvgo}naz `gsvlzgoan {mzglf"―

W}zg Nlveab assmzvs v̀ av „v`m jlzfmz…gs v`m vmzzgvlzw li aoomnmzavmf smeglvgo{zlomssms. x`go` azm anxaws loo}zzgbh av v`m {mzg{`mzw li v`m o}nv}zan s{aom"―[mzg{`mzgms azm v`m elsv fwbaego {azvs li v`m smegls{`mzms" Av v`m saem vgem.ombvzm abf {mzg{`mzw azm {lsgvglbs x`go` azm l{mb vl in}gfgvw"

V`m olee}bgsv mp{mzgembv eaw jm m{gvlegmf gb v`m aejgvglb vl avvme{v ahnljan zmolbigh}zavglb li v`m `}eab olbfgvglb" Nlveab xas aovgym f}zgbh v`m`mwfaws li _lygmv olee}bgse" @m a{vnw }bfmzsolzmf v`m mpgsvmbom xgv`gb v`mvlvangvazgab eazpgsv%nmbgbgsv lgdl}embm li a {mzeabmbv ilze li (jg{lnaz asweemvzw(li (v`me( abf (}s( v`me ymzs}s }s' x`go` olbsgsvs li v̀ m sm{azavglb li v̀ m`mhmelbgo ombvzm. xgv` gvs liigogan hzg{. abf {mzg{`mzw olbom{vs ngdm {mzg{`mzwabf jlzfmz azm blv lbnw s{avgan gbfgoavlzs. v`mw gbon}fm ansl olbsvz}ovmf{mzg{`mzgms abf jlzfmzs4 gb lv`mz xlzfs v`mw gbon}fm ann v`lsm mpon}fmf.eazhgbangmf abf {}s`mf vl v`m {mzg{`mzw. ann v`lsm lb v`m {zlsozg{vglb ngsvs. v`mjabgs`mf. v`m l}voasvs. v`m zmi}hmms abf v`m mpgnms. gb s`lzv. v`m olbom{vs ngsvmfajlym eaw jmolem annmhlzgms li s}jymzsglb'" O}nv}zan fgiimzmbom emabs yazgmvwgb v`m zmom{vglb abf a{{zl{zgavglb li elfmzbgvw" X`mb ombvmz abf {mzg{`mzw `aymngvvnm gb oleelb. v`m ombvmz. zman lz swejlngo. svzgyms vl mpvmbf gvs blzes lymz v`mx`lnm smegls{`mzm3 ab ge{lzvmf. mpvmzbannw ge{lsmf {zlhzae vzgms vl s}jf}mmymzw {azv li v`m swsvme. olbigbgbh gvs l{{lsgvm gb v`m igmnf li v`m gbmpgsvmbv abfgbolzzmov" _}o` a vadm%lymz gs blv c}sv a smg}zm li v`m {zmsmbv. gv gs a smg}zm lio}nv}zan emelzw v`m Mhw{vlnlhgsv Cab Asseabb s{mads li o}nv}zan emelzw as aolbbmovgym svz}ov}zm il}bfgbh hzl}{ gfmbvgvw v`zl}h` zgv}an abf a vmpv}anol`mzmbom'"

_vzgygbh vlxazf hnljangavglb ljygl}snw olgbogfms xgv` ab avvme{v vl `lelhmbgmabf nmymn fgiimzmboms" V`m fgsa{{mazabom li vzafgvglbs gs adgb vl W}zg Nlveab‗sgfma li v`m smegls{`mzm svzg{{mf li gvs ozmavgym fgymzsgvw" V`m sl}h`v%ilz hnljanygnnahm `as jmmb fmsozgjmf nlbh ahl jw Bgo`gilz Ozagbgo3 ‒V`m smbsm li v`m hnljanygnnahm olbsgsvs gb v`m mp`a}svglb li ann o}nv}zan {lssgjgngvgms. gb v`m jazzmbbmss. gbv`m {`wsgoan jazzmbbmss mymb. li `}eab jmgbhs nmiv xgv`l}v a emva{`wsgos3 v`m{zlinghavm eavmzgangse abf ann mv`go abf amsv`mvgo ‗gses‗. }{ vl xas`mf%l}vgbvmzbavglbangse―"

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V`m smegls{`mzm olbom{v gs blx xgfmnw dblxb abf `as jmolem a }bgymzsangbsvz}embv li fmsozg{vglb li abw o}nv}zm" Gv onlsmnw zmsmejnms v`m elfmn {zl{lsmfjw N}ogab Jnaha" Xm xgnn v`mzmilzm }{favm l}z vmzegblnlhw" @mbomilzv` xm s`anns{mad li a eglzgvgo smegls{`mzm"

Xm blx hl jaod vl v`m jmhgbbgbh abf nlld ahagb av Jnaha‗s „V`m Eglzgvgo _{aom―3gv ansl mp{nagbs v`m mpgsvmbom li seann mv`bgo abf,lz o}nv}zan abf,lz zmnghgl}smbonayms. mpvzabml}s smegls{`mzgo izahembvs nloavmf xgv`gb v`m jl}bfazgms li asmegls{`mzm3„…slemvgems v`mzm eaw jm a olbvzafgovglb jmvxmmb v`m svz}ov}zm li v`m s{avgan`lzglb li v`m }bolbsogl}s abf v`m olbigh}zavgym svz}ov}zm li v`m nabfsoa{m gbx`go` xm ngym…livmb. o}nv}zms lz sl}ns xgv` zafgoannw fgiimzmbv s{avgan `lzglbseaw olmpgsv gb v`m saem nabfsoa{m―" Olbsmq}mbvnw. a b}ejmz li fgs{azavmfgsol}zsms eaw olmpgsv x`gnm v`m {azvgo}naz izahembvs eaw mylnym gb ablbswbo`zlbgo xaw" Zleabmsq}m abf Hlv`go mbonayms xmzm {zmsmbv xgv`gb v`meglzgvgo smegls{`mzm" Olbsvabvgb Jzabo}sg‗s azv eaw jm zmhazfmf as a eglzgvgo

izahembv. anv`l}h` `m ozmavmf elsv li `gs xlzds gb [azgs" Gb iaov. Jzabo}sg lbomsagf3 „…xgv` ew ‐bmxbmss‗. G `agn izle slemv`gbh abogmbv…―

V`m nabfs li Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{m anxaws i}bovglbmf as a o}nv}zan ozlsszlafs"Ozlsszlafs. lbom olbsgfmzmf vl jm v`m elsv eahgoan {naoms. eaw }bfl}jvmfnwjmolem gbimzban ngegban lbms" _}o` `as jmmb v`m smegls{`mzgo mp{mzgmbom liv`m Zleabgabs x`l anxaws il}bf v`mesmnyms lb v`m jl}bfazgms li vxl lz elzmo}nv}zms" V`m eglzgvgo smegls{`mzm xgv` gvs e}nvg{nm gbbmz ombvmzs abf v`mjl}bfazgms v`av s{mogiw gvs zmhglbs s}jsmegls{`mzms' `as jmmb o`azaovmzgmf jwJnaha as a elfmn li „jlzfmznabf eazo`nabf' sgv}avglb― T ‐sgv}aůgm `lvazbgoď‗3 v`mZleabgab xlzf ‐`lvaz‗ emabs jlv` mfhm. jl}bfazw. abf azma. vmzzgvlzw. as gbvlxbs`g{ azma U" Gv gs ansl v`m nlo}s li gbvmzsmovglb li jlzfmznabfs li nazhmz`gsvlzgoan smegls{`mzms. v`m jlzfmznabfs li v`m Hzmol%Zleab abf li v`mLzv`lflp%Jwabvgbm xlznfs. v`m jlzfmznabf li Gsnae. v`m jlzfmznabf li v`m Xmsvabf v`m jlzfmznabf li v`m Masvmzb svm{{ms" Gv gs v`m s{aom li ewv`lnlhgoannwlzgmbvmf. azo`ago olbsogl}sbmss" V`m eglzgvgo smegls{`mzm eaw ansl jmfmsozgjmf as a e}nvgevme{lzan. {lnwo`zlbgo xmj. a egpmf mbsmejnm li vgemsolbvme{lzazw lbnw gb v`mgz assmejnahm. v`}s zmgbilzogbh v`m {ange{smsvgoemva{`lz" V`m jlzfmznabf lz eazo`nabf gs a zmhglb x`go` jlv` sm{azavms abf}bgvms" Gv eagbvagbs v`m smegl{`mzm gb a svavm li ozmavgym imzembv as a jlzfmzlbm mp{mzgmbvgan sgvm li ol}{ngbh abf egpgbh o}nv}zms abf vzabsombfgbh}bvzabsnavajgngvw" *V`m jl}bfazw gs a lbm li smeglvgo {lnwhnlvgse*. xzgvms Clnaūd}nc" _`m olbvgb}ms3 *_mni`llf gs blv gbmygvajnw saembmss *"

Gb `gs smegban 1770 ―Mv`blamsv`mvgos―. [mvz} ]zsao`m xzgvms3 ‒V`m {mzg{`mzw `asanxaws jmmb a svajnm abf ozmavgym ilzom gb Zleabgab jmgbhbmss. gv `as bmymzjmmb a fmsvz}ovgym lz bleafgo ilzom ngdm gb lv`mz o}nv}zms―"

Gb v`m smovglb fgzmovnw {zmomfgbh v`m ngbms q}lvmf ajlym. ]zsao`m `asoleembvmf lb v`m jannaf li easvmz Eablnm. v`m j}gnfmz li Azleabgab lzghgb

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gb lv`mz xlzfs. jmnlbhgbh vl v`m sl}v`mzbelsv azma li Zleabgabbmss' abf lbv`m zgv}an il}bfavglb aov v`av mbajnms v`m olbsvz}ovglb li a o`}zo`. a ombvmz lz abapgs e}bfg. baemnw v`m o`}zo` av O}zvma fm Azhms v`m aov}an o`}zo` gs nloavmf gbv`m `mazvnabf li Xannao`ga'" Ann saozmf {naoms. ann zgv}annw il}bfmf s`zgbms.olbsvgv}vm ombvmzs li v`m xlznf" V`m gfma li apgs e}bfg gs v`meavgmf jw ]zsao`m

gb a navmz xzgvgbh3―"""x`av Mngafm oannmf Ombvzm"""flms blv sge{nw `gbv vl lbm lz elzm igpmf{lgbvs"""j}v vl ab gbigbgvw" Ilz gv gs dblxb v`av hmbmgo eavvmz gs o`azhmf xgv`ngegvnmss {lvmbvgangvgms" Abwx`mzm. gb abw seann ygnnahm. lb abw olsego emzgfgab.ab apgs. a vme{nm eaw jm olbsvz}ovmf"""― [mvz} ]zsao`m. Vge{ sg bm%vge{.Emelzga Mv`blnlhgoa. Ab}n YGG :;;8. bz" :6%:='" Gb a {zgyavm olee}bgoavglbfavmf Fmomejmz 1. :;;7. [mvz} ]zsao`m assmzvs 3 „Jnaha abf Mngafm ‟ oazzgmzs liv`m faogab%eglzgvgo eavzgp ‟ azm l}z {zmo}zslzs―"

Gb @gbf} ewv`lnlhw. v`m `maymb li Gbfza olbvagbs a bmv li {mazns" Mao` {mazn gszminmovmf gb gvs bmgh`jlz sl v`av v`m x`lnm }bgymzsm gs egzzlzmf gb mao` {mazn

gbon}fgbh v`m zminmovglbs li ann v`m zminmovglbs. sl v`av mao` {mazn `as a smq}mbomli bmsvmf zminmovglbs Imngp Dnmgb svazvmf xgv` gbigbgvmnw zm{mavmf zminmovglbs abfxas nmf vl ilzes x`go` azm v`m o`alvgo geahms li sweemvzw'" _}o` a{{mazs vl jmv`m eglzgvgo smegls{`mzm3 gv gs ab gbigbgvm haem li ombvzms abf {mzg{`mzgms. abgbvzgoavm danmgflsol{m li zminmovglbs"

[mvz} ]zsao`m‗s „Mv`blamsv`mvgos― ansl fmans xgv` v`m vz}v`s v`av hzl}bf ilndapglnlhw abf xgv` v`m z`mvlzgo li ygs}angavglb as ab mazeazd li eglzgvgo vzafgvglb3„Gb gvs v`mlzmvgoan%geahgban olbsvz}ovglbs. vzafgvglb `as l{mzavmf xgv` v`m olbom{vsli vz}v`. hllfbmss. jma}vw. iagv`…"""vzafgvglban {lmvgo vmpvs. ms{mogannw ewv` abf nmhmbf x`go` azm v`m elsv{`gnlsl{`goan lbms. l{mzavm xgv` olbom{vs%geahm―"Gv eaw jm xlzv` embvglbgbh `mzm v`av Eazd Cl`bslb abf Hmlzhm Nadlii `aym{lgbvmf l}v v`m zlnm {nawmf jw fwbaego olhbgvgym olbsvz}ovs dblxb as{zm%olbom{v}an geahm so`meava. svz}ov}zan lz vl{lnlhgoan so`meava li ilzes abfilzoms v`av azgsm izle mejlfgmf mp{mzgmbom" _o`meava azm s}gvajnm vl {zlygfm‐emva{`lzgoan‗ soaiilnfgbh" Nadlii liimzs mygfmbom v`av fgiimzmbv o}nv}zms svz}ov}zmv`m xlznf gb fgiimzmbv xaws'"

[mvz} ]zsao`m‗s age gb `gs svazvngbh abf jma}vgi}n :;;9 „Mv`blsliw―. gs vl eadm }s}bfmzsvabf v`m bmomssgvw li ilnd m{gsvmelnlhw as a xaw li ole{zm`mbfgbh l}zlxb bav}zm" V`m jlld smmds vl gbymsvghavm bavgym oavmhlzgms abf {zgbog{nms abf gszgo` gb abv`zl{lnlhgoan gbsgh`vs. j}v gv ansl eaw jm zmaf abf zm%zmaf as a svlzw liv`m lzghgbs li eglzgvgo smni%olbsogl}sbmss"

Av v`m ymzw l}vsmv. ]zsao`m {zl{lsms `gs v`msgs v`av „…v`m Oaz{av`go {masabv}smf vl saw ‐vl {zmsmzym l}z jmgbh‗. mgv`mz gb a zmnghgl}s smbsm lz gb a`gsvlzgoan%mv`blhza{`go smbsm―"

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@m v`mb smvs `gs abanwsgs aegfsv a fgso}ssglb li {azmeglnlhw" Vl q}lvm ]zsao`m3„"""v`gs egbgav}zm {`gnlsl{`w li v`m izahembv x`go` gs oannmf {azmeglnlhw…flmsblv ge{lsm elfmns x`go` xgnn jzgbh ajl}v ab }bgilzegavglb li v`l}h`v" Gv {zmimzsv`m zmhgem li yazgavglb" V`m ilzes li emfgvavglb azm ymzgigmf gb slogl%`}eabolbvmpvs. abf v`msm azm gb a {mzeabmbv fwbaego inlx…

…{azmeglnlhw mbs}zms a zminmpgym s}{{lzv ilz v`m mbvgzmvw li zmnghgl}s jm`aygl}z.a bmomssazw `azelbw jmvxmmb geemfgavm s{gzgv}angmf mp{mzgmbom abfzms{lbsgjnm emfgvavglb. }bfmz v`m {zlvmovglb li fgygbm v`l}h`v"―

]zsao`m nmafs }s v`zl}h` a eam. jaod vl v`m xmnns{zgbhs li o}nv}zm3„"""v`m zgffnm"""{}vs }s gb vl}o` xgv` v`m vmo`bgq}m li {zm%ilzegbh abf ilzegbh blvli ilze}navglb' li v`m blvglb"""Tv`m Navgb xlzf ‐blvglbme‗ xas olgbmf jw Ogomzl asnlab%vzabsnavglb li Hzmmd ‐mbblga‗. aov li v`gbdgbhU…V`m sawgbh xas a fgov}e. a {zmsvghgl}s nlhls. il}bfavglb li lzfmz abf o}nv}zm―"

_}o` gs v`m vanm li a o}nv}zm" X`lmymz mbvmzs v`m svlzw s`azms v`m svlzw. ilz gv gs

v`m igzsv eaclz svm{ gbvl v`m xlznf li ilnd xgsfle. v`m xlznf li azo`mvw{an nlzm abfli gvs oazmi}n h}azfgabs" Gb `gs „Mv`blsliw―. [mvz} ]zsao`m zmoanns v`m nmhaowmejlfgmf gb a vgemnmss ewv`goan V`zaogab igh}zm3„V`gs igzsv ahm li v`m Lbm Nlhls. s}{zmem abf i}nn li a}v`lzgvw. xas saimh}azfmfas a zmemejzabom gb v`m nmhmbf li Lz{`m}s"―

Blvms3

1' Gb „Mv`blamsv`mvgos―. [mvz} ]zsao`m hgyms ab aool}bv li v`m fgsvgbovgymimav}zms li Eglzgva3 „Gb gvs `gsvlzgoan myln}vglb. Eglzgva a{{mazs as a swsvme ligbvmhzavmf abf vzabs{azmbv vmpvs…a {lme o`azaovmzgmf jw a {azaflpgoan abfge{lssgjnm olejgbavglb li hmbzms…Eglzgva gs a easvmz{gmom x`go` l}vngbms. gbsmbs}l}s abf fzaeavgo geahms. ab m{go ygsglb li ab mpgsvmbom eazdmf jwiavm…Izle a ngvmzazw abf e}sgoan ygmx{lgbv. Eglzgva `as jmmb olbozmvgmf gbelzm v`ab 1:;; yazgabvs dblxb lymz v`m mbvgzm oaz{av`l%fab}jgab abffbgmsvzl%{lbvgo azma―"

:' V`m ‐flgba‗ ansl gs fgso}ssmf jw [mvz} ]zsao`m gb `gs „Mv`blamsv`mvgos―3 „Nmv}s zmoann x`av J"["@asfm} `as sagf ajl}v v`m lzghgbazw smbsm li v`m xlzf ‐flgba‗.x`go` gb v`m jmhgbbgbh sghbgigmf blv lbnw a slbh Ta `mzlgo slbh. aoolzfgbh vlF"OabvmegzU. j}v ansl a saozmf nax―"

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  =;

Lnf _v Bgo`lnas o`}zo`. ZêŜbly. 16v` ombv}zw

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  =1

Jlhfaba elbasvmzw. _v Bgo`lnas o`}zo` j}gnv gb v`m 16v` ombv}zw

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  =:

FzahlŜ Oleab lhza{`mz. Azjlzm elbasvmzw. Jm`mafgbh li _v Cl`b v`m Ja{vgsvo`}zo`. 19v` ombv}zw

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  =?

FzahlŜ Oleab lhza{`mz. Azjlzm elbasvmzw. Jm`mafgbh li _v Cl`b v`m Ja{vgsvo`}zo`. 19v` ombv}zw

Slhza{`mz Vlea izle _}omaya abf `gs vmae. Flzegvglb o`}zo`. @}elzelbasvmzw. 19v` ombv}zw

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  =6

Slhza{`mz Vlea izle _}omaya abf `gs vmae. Flzegvglb o`}zo`. @}elzelbasvmzw. 19v` ombv}zw

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  =9

_gea lhza{`mz. zmymzsm {agbvgbh lb hnass. 1091

Golb. zmymzsm {agbvgbh lb hnass. 17v` ombv}zw

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  =8

Golb. zmymzsm {agbvgbh lb hnass. 17v` ombv}zw

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  =0

[mvz} ]zsao`m. Mv`lamsv`mvgos. 1770

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  =7

[mvz} ]zsao`m. Mv`blsliw. :;;9

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_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 0 " V`m Egbf Ea{"TCab}azw 8. :;1;U

Elvvl"

A svwngsvgo eavzgp oll{mzavms gb fmigbgbh a [ml{nm as e}o` as jnllf lz nabh}ahm"Gv eaw v`zgym lz fmongbm. j}v x`mb gv gs mpvgbh}gs`mf. v`m [ml{nm ansl `as jmmbxg{mf l}v"

N}ogab Jnaha'

Lymzx`mnemf jw v`m fmm{ v`gzsv ilz {mzimov ilzes…Eg`ag Megbmso}'

V`m q}msvglb gs. x`av dgbf li zmangvw flms eab {lssmss< @lx gs o}nv}zandblxnmfhm lzhabgmf xgv`gb abf jmvxmmb `}eab egbfs< As a v`mlzw lidblxnmfhm. v`m blvglb li a ‐egbf ea{‗ `as a nlbh jaodhzl}bf gb v`m `gsvlzw li

elfmzb {`gnlsl{`w" Lbm li v`m igzsv {zl{lbmbvs xas Hgaejavvgsva Ygol x`lxzlvm3 „Eab. `aygbh xgv`gb `gesmni ab geahgbmf Xlznf li ngbms abf b}ejmzs.l{mzavms gb gv xgv` ajsvzaovglbs. c}sv as Hlf. gb v`m }bgymzsm. fgf xgv` zmangvw―"V`m mp{zmssglb *v`m ea{ gs blv v`m vmzzgvlzw* igzsv a{{mazmf gb a {a{mz v`avAnizmf Dlzwjsdg zmaf av v`m 17?1 emmvgbh li v`m Aemzgoab Asslogavglb ilzv`m Afyabomembv li _ogmbom gb Bmx Lznmabs" 

N}ogab Jnaha‗s v`l}h`v flms elym anlbh v`msm saem ngbms. olanmsogbh gb v`molbom{v li svwngsvgo eavzgp" Gb v`m egf%17?;s `m xzlvm „@lzglb abf _vwnm― abf„Hmbmsgs li v`m Emva{`lz abf v`m _mbsm li O}nv}zm―" Jmnlx azm mpomz{vs izle„@lzglb abf _vwnm―" Xm `aym o`lsmb v`msm {assahms jmoa}sm v`mw {zlygfm v`molbvmpv ilz igbfgbhs x`go` navmz zmsmazo`mzs xgnn fmm{mb abf mp{avgavm }{lb"_aws Jnaha3„V`m {`mblemblb li svwnm. smmfngbh xgv` sa{s as xmgh`vw as jnllf. `as gvs zllvs{nabvmf gb bmsvs nloavmf jmwlbf ngh`v" _vwnm olems ilzv`. gv gs vz}m. gb olbbmovglbxgv` eab‗s olbsogl}s olbomzbs. j}v v`m ilzes gv vadms azm lbnw ymzw sngh`vnwolbbmovmf xgv` v`m lzfmz li olbsogl}s {}z{lsms" Ab gbom{vgym vzmm. xgv` zllvs gbablv`mz `lemnabf. svwnm fzaxs gvs bl}zgs`embv izle lymz v`mzm. gbolbvzlnnajnmabf lxgbh bl vgv`m" _vwnm olems gbvl jmgbh }bgbvmbfmf. }bdblxb. gv {azvgannwmbvmzs v`m ngh`v olbm li olbsogl}sbmss. as a emssahm izle v`m me{gzm liajlym%ngh`v. lz as a eahgo ozmav}zm izle v`m hzmav abf fazd saha li vmnn}zgo ngim……_}o` a olbsvmnnavglb li iaovlzs. li a olbsgfmzajnm gbbmzelsv zmslbabom. eawmsvajngs` gvsmni gb v`m `}eab }bolbsogl}s. hagbgbh `mzm v`m i}bovglb li afmvmzegbavgym eabgilnf" V`m svwngsvgo svz}ov}zm li ab gbfgygf}an‗s lz li aolnnmovgygvw‗s ozmavglbs. xgnn jmaz v`m sman li s}o` ab }bolbsogl}s eabgilnf" Gblzfmz vl o`azaovmzgm s}o` a eabgilnf. xm {zl{lsm vl me{nlw v`m vmze ‐svwngsvgoeavzgp‗"""…Ilz jw emabs li v`m }bolbsogl}s `lzglbs abf li v`m svwngsvgo eavzgp xm igbfl}zsmnyms abo`lzmf. gb ab }bfzmaev%li emas}zm. gbvl ab ablbwel}s ngim―"

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V`m {assahm jmnlx `as jmmb smnmovmf izle Jnaha‗s „Hmbmsgs li v`m Emva{`lzabf v`m _mbsm li O}nv}zm―3*…"Ilz zmaslbs li olsego janabom. abf eawjm gb lzfmz ilz eab vl jm eagbvagbmfgb ab }bmbfgbh ozmavgym svavm. gb abw oasm vl v`m afyabvahm li mpgsvmbom abfeab. `m xas zmi}smf. v`zl}h` v`m ahmbow li a vzabsombfmbv ombslzs`g{ ge{lsmf

svz}ov}zannw vl dblxnmfhm. v`m {lssgjgngvw li {lsgvgymnw abf ajsln}vmnw olbvagbgbhv`m xlznf(s ewsvmzgms …As nlbh as xm olbsgfmz v`m gbvmnnmov}an oavmhlzgms v`mgfma li s}jsvabom. li oa}sangvw. mvo"' vl jm elembvs abf svz}ov}zms ge{lsmf vlv`m `}eab s{gzgv. f}m vl a vzabsombfmbv ombslzs`g{. xm v`gbd xm azm mbvgvnmf vleadm v`m svavmembv v`av ajwssan. svwngsvgo oavmhlzgms eaw ansl jm olbsgfmzmfgbvmhzabv elembvs li a vzabsombfmbv olbvzln" V`m svwngsvgo eavzgp. v`m ajwssanoavmhlzgms. azm vzabsombfmbv `anvs…―

Bl fl}jv Jnaha gs zgh`v vl onage v`av Fgbhm ab _go`  lz v`gbhs%gb% v`mesmnyms azmgbaoomssgjnm vl fgzmov gbq}gzw" Gb v`m mpomz{vs ajlym xm oab smm `lx gb c}sv aimx jzlaf svzldms Jnaha hmvs izle v`m soazomnw iav`leajnm ewsvmzw li a

o}nv}zm%s{mogigo ngygbh ea{ vl v`m zmo}zsgym fwbaego li o}nv}zan emelzw. izle v`maoq}gsgvglb abf yangfavglb li dblxnmfhm vl l}vngbgbh a {`gnlsl{`w li o}nv}zm. abf`lx `m smmds vl gbvmhzavm gbvl a sgbhnm izaemxlzd abv`zl{lnlhw abfm{gsvmelnlhw. a bmx m{gsvmelnlhw. olbslbabv xgv` fmymnl{embvs x`go` xgnnloo}z mnsmx`mzm. eabw wmazs navmz"

Eabw zmafmzs xgnn zmoann v`av gb v`m igzsv {azv li v`gs mssaw xm embvglbmf ZlwF‗Abfzafm" Zlw Hllfxgb F(Abfzafm. lbm li v`m il}bfmzs li v`m s}jfgsog{ngbm liolhbgvgym abv`zl{lnlhw. {zl{lsms a s}oogbov fmsozg{vglb3 a o}nv}zan elfmnsombazgl gs fmigbmf jw a olhbgvgym so`mea v`av gs gbvmzs}jcmovgymnw s`azmf jw aslogan hzl}{" A olhbgvgym so`mea gs „a olbom{v}an svz}ov}zm x`go` eadms v`mgfmbvgigoavglb li ljcmovs abf mymbvs {lssgjnm" _o`meas ilze v`m zmangvw%fmigbgbhswsvme li v`m `}eab abf {zlygfm gbilzeavglb ajl}v x`av svavms li v`m xlznf oabjm abf s`l}nf jm {}zs}mf―. xzgvms F‗Abfzafm gb `gs 177: „_o`meas abfElvgyavglbs―" Gb `gs 1708 „A ilnd elfmn li v`m egbf―. `m assmzvs3 „…so`mea gs abgbvmz{zmvavglb x`go` gs izmq}mbv. xmnn lzhabgmf. emelzajnm. x`go` oab jm eafmizle egbgean on}ms …"V`gs elfmn oab jm oannmf a ‐ilnd‗ elfmn jlv` jmoa}sm gv gs asvavmembv li v`m oleelb smbsm }bfmzsvabfgbhs v`av {ml{nm }sm gb lzfgbazw ngimabf jmoa}sm gv olbvzasvs xgv` yazgl}s ‐s{mogangmf abf sogmbvgigo‗ elfmns „" AsEgo`amn Dgeemn }bfmzsolzms. *mymzw olhbgvgym o}nv}zan vme{navm gs o`lsmbahagbsv a hzl}bf li lv`mz {lssgjgngvgms"*

Xgv`gb v`m ahhzmhavm li v`m gfmas v`av hzmx vlhmv`mz aivmz Xlznf Xaz GG.olbsvz}ovgygse blv vl jm olbi}smf xgv` v`m azvgsvgo elymembv dblxb asolbsvz}ovgygsv' abf owjmzbmvgos jmoaem v`m }bgiwgbh easvmz blvglbs. ms{mogannwv`m vzabsfgsog{ngbazw izaemxlzd li smolbf%lzfmz owjmzbmvgos" _ge{nw {}v.smolbf%lzfmz owjmzbmvgos gbon}fms v`m ljsmzymz gb v`m {zlomss ljsmzymf"

Olbsvz}ovgygse. v`m olzbmzsvlbm li smolbf%lzfmz owjmzbmvgos. mbvagns v`m gfma v`avv`mzm gs bl ljcmovgym zm{zmsmbvavglb li v`m zman xlznf. v`av gv gs ge{lssgjnm vl vmnn vl

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x`av fmhzmm dblxnmfhm zminmovs ab lbvlnlhgoan zmangvw3 v`m egbf oabblv „egzzlz―zmangvw" V`mzm gs lbnw a ygajnm zmnavglb jmvxmmb lbvlnlhgoan zmangvw abf v`m,ab,l}zolbsvz}ovmf elfmn li zmangvw" Mzbsv ylb Hnasmzsimnf xzgvms3 *Dblxnmfhm flms blvzminmov ab ljcmovgym. lbvlnlhgoan zmangvw j}v mpon}sgymnw ab lzfmzgbh abflzhabgavglb li a xlznf olbsvgv}vmf jw l}z mp{mzgmbom…Vl v`m olbsvz}ovgygsv.

olbom{vs. elfmns. v`mlzgms. abf sl lb azm ygajnm gi v`mw {zlym afmq}avm gb v`molbvmpvs gb x`go` v`mw xmzm ozmavmf*"

Zmhazfgbh v`m o}nv}zm%s{mogigo egbf ea{. @}ejmzvl Eav}zaba azh}ms v`av v`gsdblxnmfhm hmbmzavglb jasmf lb ab a}vl{lgmvgo elfmn gs olbsvz}ovmf xgv`gb v`molbsmbs}an fleagb li a smni%lzhabggbh bmvxlzdmf slogan swsvme3 *"""v`m{azvgog{abvs li a olbsmbs}an fleagb li gbvmzaovglbs l{mzavm gb v`mgz olbsmbs}anjm`aygl}z eadgbh olbsmbs}an fgsvgbovglbs li v`mgz olbsmbs}an fgsvgbovglbs. gb a{zlomss v`av zmo}zsgymnw eadms a olbsmbs}an aovglb a olbsmbs}an vldmb ilz aolbsmbs}an fgsvgbovglb v`av gv ljso}zms"* Eav}zaba }bfmzsolzms v`m zmo}zsgymfwbaego li o}nv}zan emelzw3 „Gb zmo}zsglb. slemv`gbh bmx azgsms―" Gb s}e. v`m

egbf ea{ gs jzl}h`v ilzv` jw ole{}vgbh a zmangvw x`go` oab smo}zm gvs lxb{azaflpgoan fwbaego svajgngvw%o`abhm"

*O}nv}zms. smeabvgo. m{gsvmelnlhgoan olee}bgvgms. smzym as… {llns lifgsvgbovglbs…abf abw li v`msm gs `gh`nw blzeavgymnw lzgmbvmf…As gb ygs}an{mzom{vglb x`mzm xm oabblv myafm v`m jngbfs{lv li smmgbh. l}z sloganolbsvz}ovglb li emabgbhi}n mbygzlbembvs gs flegbavmf jw v`m jngbfs{lv li l}zo}nv}zan fgsvgbovglbs…― xzgvms _" C" _o`egfv" @m olbvgb}ms3 „_ghbs fl blv zmimz vlljcmovs gb zmangvw j}v vl l}z gbvmz{zmvmf aovgygvgms gb o}nv}zm. v`av gs vlolee}bgoavglb…V`m zmimzmbom {zljnme gs…a {zljnme li smeglvgoeavmzgan…ymzs}s v`m olnnmovgym dblxnmfhm olbomzbgbh v`m `abfngbh abfgbvmz{zmvavglb li smeglvgo l{mzavglbs―"

Gb a {zgyavm olee}bgoavglb favmf Fmomejmz 1. :;;7. [mvz} ]zsao`m zmeazds3„V`m embvglbmf zmsmazo`mzs azm l}z ole{abglbs gb v`m zmane li sgegnaz gfmas"V`mw azm hav`mzmf vlhmv`mz lb v`m so`lnaznw {nabm li smeglvgos" Xm. lb v`m lv`mz`abf. {zljm ansl v`m xaw li zmnghgl}sbmss. ilz l}z jmgbh gs elzm nwzgoan abfolbvme{navgym―" Igzsv li ann. azv eadgbh s`l}nf jm v`l}h`v li as mbsvasgs . ilz. asEgzoma Mngafm lbom sagf. „lzghgbannw. ann azv xas saozmf―"

V`m vxl Navgb xlzfs ilzels}s abf ilzea ilze. elnf. s`a{m' azm mvwelnnlhgoanwzmnavmf" V`gs ansl loo}zs gb a imx nabh}ahms li Navgb lzghgb3 Gvangab ilzelsl'._{abgs` `mzelsl' abf Zleabgab iz}els'" Gb `gs „Mv`blsliw―. [mvz} ]zsao`m`gh`ngh`vs v`gs ymzw iaov3„… gb Tv`mU Zleabgab Tnabh}ahmU. v`m Jma}vgi}n gs a olbom{v li ilze―"

]zsao`m olbvgb}ms jw svavgbh v`av azv jmolems a zm%mbaovembv li. a zmv}zb vl v`mvgem li lzghgbs3 „@gs azv"""gs ab aov}angavglb li Hmbmsgs" Hlf eafm v`m xlznf lbnwlbom abf v`mb zmsvmf {maomi}nnw4 v`m `}eab jmgbh `as afl{vmf jlv` v`m elfmn  

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v`m aov}an eavmzgan svzav}e. x`mzm lbm igbfs v`m olbozmvm zmane li eazds abfs}ziaoms v`av vzaymzsm v`gs {zlhzmssglb. zmsvlzgbh gvs fmm{mz smbsm gb as}oomssglb li a{{azmbvnw fgslzfmzmf lz fgiimzmbvnw lzfmzmf' olnlz abf vmpv}zmazmas" V`m elymembv li fzaxgbh fgsvgbovglbs. v`mb. as a dmw vl ygmxgbh v̀ m xlzd.gs blv slemx`mzm jm`gbf v`m geahm" Gv vadms s`a{m. zav̀ mz. as slemv`gbh

eabgimsv. ygsgjnm. q}gvm ngvmzannw as v̀ m ilze li ilze" Olbigh}zavglb elembvs. olnlzelembvs. abf igbannw igh}zan elembvs. azm jl}bf jw gbvmzban apglnlhgoanzmnavglbs" V`mzm gs a nlhgo li fgsvgbovglbs. ilz fgsvgbovglbs ael}bv vl a omzvagb xawli v`gbdgbh. ab mp{mzgmbom li ngim v`av oazzgms a s}jvmzzabmab slogl%o}nv}zanolbvmpv. {mzom{v}an abf olhbgvgym smvs. izaems li zmimzmbom abf smnmovglb"

Gb `gs ‒@lzglb abf _wnm―. Jnaha aiigzes3 ―Bgs}s ilzeavgy}s gs v`m a{{mvgvm ilzilze. v`m gbygbogjnm bmmf vl svae{ lb ann v`gbhs nwgbh gb v`m azma li `}eabmbaovembv. lb ann v`gbhs x`go` azm gb vl}o` xgv` l}z ilzeavgym ygzv}ms. v`m bmmf.xm saw. vl svae{ lb ann v`gbhs xgv`gb l}z geahgbazw `lzglb ilzes azvgo}navmf gbv`m s{gzgv li ab gbsgsvmbv olbsgsvmbow"""―

Gb ‒V`m Eglzgvgo _{aom―. Jnaha mp{nagbs v`m mssmbom li v`m eglzgvgo svwngsvgo eavzgp"@m xzgvms3 ―V`m a{{mvgvm ilz ilze a{{mazs"""as ab lzgmbvavglb vlxazf hmlemvzgoabf mnmembvan ilzes"""ann gs ao`gmymf xgv` ab asvlbgs`gbh smbsm ilz b}abom"""V`mzmsv gs ‟ iavm""""""Zleabgab ilnd azv mpomns"""v`zl}h` a olbs{go}l}s svwngsvgo olbsgsvmbow……v`zl}h` emas}zm abf z`wv`e eabgimsv gb v`m fgsvzgj}vglb li elvgis…V`m ylgf gsblv smbsmf…as a s`lzvolegbh…j}v as a bmomssazw emfg}e ilz v`m azvgo}navglbli a z`wv`e… Gb `gs lzbaembvan azv. v`m Zleabgab ygnnahmz xmbv ilz a zmovg%ngbmazhmlemvzgse……L}z vzafgvglb gs l}z svwngsvgo eavzgp…A sm{azavglb izle gv xl}nf sghbgiwa{lsvasw……V`m v`gzsv q}mbo`gbh c}h xgnn anxaws jm aflzbmf xgv` ab ahmnmss fmsghb. abfv`m xann. bl eavvmz `lx fmslnavm jmoa}sm li egsilzv}bm. xgnn anxaws oazzw abgolb―"

Gb v`m saem jlld. Jnaha ansl fmans xgv` v`m a{{zl{zgavglb li ‐me{vw‗ sghbs3„Jlzzlxmf elvgis nlsm v`mgz gbgvgan {}z{lsm. hagbgbh gb Zleabgab {zlf}ovglbs abmx i}bovglb―" Ab angmb sghb swsvme gs ‐me{vw‗. gv oab jm ygmxmf as c}sv ailzeangavglb swsvme abf gv oab jm a{{zl{zgavmf" V`m sghb as ilze jmolems{zlhzmssgymnw o}v lii izle gvs lzghgb. gv eaw jm gbvmhzavmf gb a fgiimzmbv x`lnm as abme{vw sghb"

A {zaovgoan xaw li fmsozgjgbh v`m aov}an zmangavglb li v`m azvxlzd gs vl jlzzlx v`mvmzes a{{ngmf vl H" _{mbomz%Jzlxb‗s Oano}n}s li Fgsvgbovglbs FgsvgbovglbsLbvlnlhw'. a blb%b}emzgoan eav`meavgos li ilze" Lbm eaw s{mad ajl}v v`m ylgfabf v`m fgsvgbovglbs gb v`m ylgf. a {zlomss v`av smmes onlsmnw adgb vl Eavgssm‗sfmsozg{vglb li v̀ m aov}an aov li fzaxgbh" V`m fmsghb li s}o` ab azv%ygmx e}sv jmzmo}zsgym. gv e}sv jm ajnm vl zmv}zb vl x`mzm gv svazvmf abf zm%{nljmeavgm gvssvazvgbh {lgbv" Gv ann hmvs mymb elzm ygs}an xgv` Nl}gs Da}iieab3 „Gb ann oasms. v`m

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eazd svabfs ilz a fgsvgbovglb. j}v c}sv `lx v`av fgsvgbovglb gs fgsvgbov gb gvs{azvgo}naz olbvmpv gs a eavvmz li nloan azvgo}navglb…V`m aov li fzaxgbh a fgsvgbovglbgbylnyms a ogzo}navglb as gb fzaxgbh a ogzonm…_mni%zmimzmbom abf zmimzmbom azmgbvgeavmnw gbvmzvxgbmf…Lbm dmm{s zmv}zbgbh vl v`m ewsvmzw li `lx ‐gv‗ memzhmfizle ‐blv`gbh"‗ ―

Gb `gs „Mv`blamsv`mvgos―. [mvz} ]zsao`m s{mads li v`m hmlemvzw abf v`ms}jvnmbmss li b}aboms gb`mzmbv gb Zleabgab ygs}an azv % olnlz `azelbw gs v`mzmmbaovembv li v`m ombvzan v`mem li v`m eglzgvgo xlznfygmx. v`m zmnavglb li v`me}nvg{nm vl v`m Lbm. a q}angvavgym soanm li v`m smbsgjnm x`mzm lv`mz }bgvs eaw jmsgv}avmf as ‐vzabsgvglbs‗ lz ‐b}aboms‗3„Lbm li v`m o`azaovmzgsvgos li O}o}vmbg {agbvgbh. abf li Zleabgab {agbvgbh gbhmbmzan. gs v`m vaogv fganlh}m jmvxmmb ngbm abf olnlz…V`m smolbf o`azaovmzgsvgoli ilnd azv zmhazfs v`m {azvgo}naz xaw li v`m myln}vglb li olnlz abf ngbm xgv`gb v`mole{lsgvglban s{aom3 v`m ilzemz vmbfs vlxazf b}abom. v`m navvmz vlxazf v`mblb%igh}zavgym…―

Xm s`ann olbon}fm v`msm zmeazds xgv` ablv`mz jzgmi mpomz{v izle [mvz} ]zsao`m‗s„Mv`blamsv`mvgos―3„‐…‗Hlf hmlemvzgms‗. saws O" Blgoa" Lzfmz gs v`m olbfgvglb li v`m olsels…jwolsels v`m Hzmmds ansl emabv lzbaembv. ab gfman elfmn li `azelbw x`mzmeav`meavgos abf e}sgo emmv―"

izle oleelbs"xgdgemfga"lzh,xgdg,Ignm3Iz%oazvm%jandabs%ynao`s"{bh '

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_v Bgo`lnas {zgbomnw ol}zv o`}zo`. O}zvma fm AzhmŜ. 16

v`

ombv}zw

 

_v Bgo`lnas {zgbomnw ol}zv o`}zo`. O}zvma fm AzhmŜ. 16v` ombv}zw 

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_v Cl`b v`m Bmx elbasvmzw. _v Hmlzhm o`}zo`. _}omaya. 19v` ombv}zw

_v Cl`b v`m Bmx elbasvmzw. _v Hmlzhm o`}zo`. _}omaya. 19v` ombv}zw

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FzahlŜ Oleab lhza{`mz. Azjlzm elbasvmzw. Jm`mafgbh li _v Cl`b v`m Ja{vgsvo`}zo`. 19v` ombv}zw

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  8;

_v Bgo`lnas xllf o`}zo`. Hnlf. Eazae}zmŜ. 10v` ombv}zw. {agbvmf gb 10:7 jwYasgnm Vgyafaz lhza{`mz%{zgmsv

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_v Bgo`lnas xllf o`}zo`. Hnlf. Eazae}zmŜ. 10v` ombv}zw. {agbvmf gb 10:7 jwYasgnm Vgyafaz lhza{`mz%{zgmsv

Yasgnm Vgyafaz lhza{`mz%{zgmsv. smni%{lzvzagv. _v Bgo`lnas xllf o`}zo`. Hnlf.Eazae}zmŜ. 10:7

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  8:

Ilnd z}h. 17v` ombv}zw

Ilnd z}h. 17v` ombv}zw

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  8?

Ilnd z}h. 17v` ombv}zw

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Izmsol nawmzs. _v Bgo`lnas {zgbomnw ol}zv o`}zo`. O}zvma fm AzhmŜ. 16v` ombv}zw

OlŜ}na elbasvmzw. _v Bgo`lnas o`}zo`. 19v` ombv}zw

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  8=

_vmiab Azvmbg V`m Masv%Ombvzan M}zl{mab O}nv}zan Elfmn" 7" Zleabga. Jlzfmznabf li V`mJwabvgbm _megls{`mzm"TCab}azw 8. :;1;U

Elvvl"…`aygbh mwms lb v`m igbhmzvg{s…Eahfa ]zsao`m'

Gsaznêd. wl} `mazv li egbm.Ann fa}jmf x`gvm. ngdm a zawwa`Gb a faw xgv` {nah}m abf q}god%ngem.Ymhmvavgbh bmsv li svlbm% Mfmb jngss. jm as wl} azm"Jm a vlxbnmv imazmf abf vzgingbh.Jandab abf {mbgbs}naz"

Glb Jazj}'Xm xgnn jm ilnnlxgbh N}ogab Jnaha lb `gs {av` li v`l}h`v" Gb „Hmbmsgs li v`mEmva{`lz abf v`m _mbsm li O}nv}zm― Jnaha xzgvms3 „Vl mpgsv as a `}eab jmgbhemabs igzsvnw vl fgsvabom lbmsmni izle v`m {zmsmbv%av%`abf jw sgv}avgbh lbmsmnixgv`gb ewsvmzw" V`m {zmsmbv%av%`abf mpgsvs ilz `}eabs lbnw gb lzfmz vl jms}zel}bvmf" V`m {zmsmbv%av%`abf mpgsvs ilz `}eabs lbnw as a {assahm. asswe{vle li slemv`gbh mnsm. as sghban li a jmwlbf……A xlzd li azv gs a olselgf. a s{mogan xlznf xgv` a zmymnavlzw gbvmbv x`go` vmbfsvl s}jsvgv}vm gvsmni ilz v`m {mzom{vgjnm xlznf" V`m vlvan {mzom{vgjnm xlznf a{{mazsflxbhzafmf x`mb ole{azmf xgv` v`m xlzd li azv―"

Gb „@lzglb abf _vwnm― Jnaha xzgvms ajl}v v`m xlzd li v`m livmb ablbwel}slhza{`mz3 „Gb lzfmz vl smm ann v`gbhs abf ozmav}zms v`m xaw Hlf smms v`me. v`mJwabvgbm {agbvmz `af vl svm{ l}vsgfm `gesmni. vl vadm a v`mlombvzgo {lsgvglb jwemabs li a nma{ gbvl mpvasgs" Jwabvgbm emva{`wsgos v`av gs vl saw. emva{`wsgosli v`m o`}zo` li v`m mo}embgoan ol}bogns' xmgh`s `maygnw }{lb v`m gbfgygf}ansmmdgbh fmgigoavglb. v`av gs. }{lb v`m `}eab x`l omasms vl jm `gesmni gb lzfmz vljmolem a ymssmn ilz fgygbm zmymnavglb―" 

A dmblvgo s{aom fmsvajgngms {mzom{vglb. zm{lsgvglbs abf fm{nlws ab l{mb%mbfmfmp{mzgmbom x`go` hav`mzs v`m emabfmzgbhs li emelzw" *Gb owjmzbmvgo vmzes.ljsmzymz abf ljsmzymf azm }bolbsogl}snw emzhmf f}zgbh v`m aov li eadgbh…v`gssvahm fm{mbfs }{lb {zlomf}zan emelzw.* xzgvms Vmzzw Eazds%Vaznlx" Nlveab‗solbom{v li a}vl%olee}bgoavglb annlxs }s vl smm v`av slem olee}bgoavglb flmsblv l{mzavm {zgeazgnw vl vzabsegv gbilzeavglb lz {mzs}afm lv`mzs" Gbsvmaf gv ilzesab gbvmzban fganlh}m. ab G%G olee}bgoavglb. v`av s`a{ms v`m gfmbvgvw li v`m smni jwemabs li a ozmavgym smni%vzabsombfgbh abf ansl zmsvz}ov}zms ilzeangavglbswsvmes ‟ v`m aov li o`gsmngbh l}v ab gfglnmov"

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Aazlb H}zxgvso` zmeazds v`av ygs}an a{{mazabom. v`m {mzom{v}an fav}e. *`as gvs{`mblemban gfmbvgvw lbnw xgv`gb a olbvmpv}zm* % a o}nv}zm gs livmb ljsmzymf vl jmnavmbv. a vaogv dblxnmfhm lz `ajgv}s" Ygvvlzgl Jmb}ssg azh}ms v`av *embvan `ajgv gsa sge}navglb li mygfmbom*" [zgeaow li v`m mwm msvajngs`ms abf nmhgvgegms a ygs}an{azafghe % ygs}an {azagbilzeavglb. v`m {zgelzfgan mnmembvan vw{m li gbilzeavglb.

abf svz}ov}zan gbilzeavglb ole{lsmf li {gmoms li {azagbilzeavglb" Ygsglbjmolems `a{vgo abf hmbmzavms a `a{vgo s{aom" V`m mwm gs vzagbmf vl bayghavmv`zl}h` v`m ole{nmp ygs}an smegls{`mzm % v`m aov li smmgbh gs blv gbsvabvabml}s.gv s{abs v`zl}h` vgem abf gv gs asslogavmf xgv` lo}naz elvgngvw" *_mmgbh olbsgsvs lia smzgms li hmsv}zms.* zmeazds Jzgab Zlveab"

V`m gbvmzmsv gb blb%ymzjan eabgimsvavglbs li Nadliigab o}nv}zm%s{mogigo gfmangmfolhbgvgym elfmns. aool}bvgbh ilz ygs}an {zlvlvw{m miimovs jw emabs ligeahm%so`meava. emvlbgew abf emva{`lz elfmns. gs svgnn a iagznw zmombvfmymnl{embv" Gbymsvghavgbh abf v`mlzggbh {govlzgan abf lv`mz blb%ymzjan elfmnsgs ge{lzvabv blv lbnw as a emabs vl vmsv. abf mnajlzavm. Hmlzhm Nadlii(s {zlcmov

li o`azvgbh gfmangmf olhbgvgym elfmns. j}v ansl as ab gbsvz}embv vl `mn{gbvmhzavm olhbgvgygsv a{{zlao`ms xgv` o}nv}zm%lzgmbvmf lbms. v`av gs xgv` v`l}h`vsvwnms lz olhbgvgym elfmns x`mzm {azvgo}naz elfms li mp{mzgmbom azm iaylzmf" 

_{madgbh ajl}v amsv`mvgos abf olhbgvglb gb v`m Jwabvgbm o}nv}zan azma. ClsvmgbJlzvbms ljsmzyms v`av „geahgbavglb abf v`gbdgbh gb embvan geahms xas aolhbgvgym aovgygvw" V`mw xmzm ajsln}vmnw gb dmm{gbh xgv` elfmzb bm}zlnlhgsvs.x`l `aym msvajngs`mf v`av v`m `}eab jzagb gb s}jvnm xaws svlzms smbslzwge{zmssglbs. xlzfs abf e}sgoan ge{zmssglbs gb v`m ilze li geahms―" X`gnm{zl{lsgbh a sogmbom li bm}zlsmeglvgos abf fmsozgjgbh v`m olbsvz}ovglb lizm{zmsmbvmea. Flbanf Iayazma} xzgvms v`av „v`m mwm…gs a sghb%ym`gonm― x`lsmaovgygvw gs a „zmo}zsgymnw hmbmzavgbh smeglsgs―" Cl`b Fmmnw gbfgoavms v`av „a sghbgs bmgv`mz a v`gbh blz ab ljcmov j}v v`m {avvmzb aoolzfgbh vl x`go` v`gbhs abfljcmovs gbvmzxmaym vl eadm }{ v`m iajzgo li mp{mzgmbom―"

Eazw Oazz}v`mzs mp{avgavms lb v`m olbom{v li eadgbh azv3 „Ab lzv`l{zapgs oabbmymz jm ole{nmvmnw azvgo}navm…gv zmngms }{lb…zgv}angmf jm`ayglz…Abw ozaivfmymnl{s ab lzv`l{zapgs…gv e}sv jm nmazbmf jw {zaovgogbh lymz abf lymzahagb…Gv gs ‐{zaovgom‗ jlv` gb v`m smbsm li jmgbh ‐{zm{azavglb‗ ilz a {mzimov ozaiveasvmzw v`av oab bmymz i}nnw jm ao`gmymf. abf gb v`m smbsm li ‐xlzdgbh gb a{azvgo}naz xaw‗ „" As Olbsvabvgb Blgoa xzgvms3 „…v`mzm gs bl azv xgv`l}v ozaiv. v`avgs vl saw xgv`l}v ‐vmo`bm‗. x`go` sghbgigmf. ilz v`m abogmbv Hzmmds. jlv` azv abfozaiv―"

V`m Navgb zm{mvmzm emabs vl smmd ahagb" V`m {lxmz li vzafgvglb `as vl jmzmfgsolymzmf abmx jw mymzw hmbmzavglb" Av v`gs {lgbv xm immn gv gs {mzvgbmbv vlq}lvm Sgssgels Nlzmbvavls3 *Lzghgbangvw emabs vl zmeagb iagv`i}n vl v`m lzghgbans.vl v`m mvmzban {zlvlvw{ms. vl mpvgbh}gs` (a xgsfle li Twl}zU lxb( jmilzm v`moleelb Xlzf. as @mzaongv}s saws…gb lv`mz xlzfs. vl nlsm wl}z sl}n gi wl} xgs`vl igbf gv. abf blv vl {azafm wl}z lzghgbangvw lz vl fl x`av {nmasms wl}"* Sgssgels

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Nlzmbvavls. *V`m Fzaea li Q}angvw*. vz" Ngafagb _`mzzazf. Fmbgsm @azymw[}jngs`mz. Ngebg. Myga. Hzmmom. :;;;. {" 1="'

Mzbsv ylb Hnasmzsimnf eadms zmimzmbom vl v`m a{l{`avgo ygmx gb olbbmovglb xgv`v`m smmf li zafgoan olbsvz}ovgygsv gfmas" Jw elf}navgbh me{vgbmss v`zl}h` a

oano}n}s li fgsvgbovglbs. ann ilze eaw jm smmb vl azgsm izle a ylgf" V`mgbfmvmzegbaow li sghbgigoavglb blvmf jw v`m _o`llnemb jmoaem a ole{lbmbv li[mgzom(s v`mlzw. fzaxgbh avvmbvglb vl ab a{l{`avgo vzmbf hzl}bfmf gb x`avHzmhlzw li Bwssa baemf fgasvmea  fgsvabom. lbvlnlhgoan ha{.' a olbom{v v`aveaw jm }smf as a emva{`lz ilz v`m fgsvgbovglb jmvxmmb v`m hza{`go gfmbvgvw liygs}annw {zmsmbvmf eazds abf olbvmbv"

Jwabvgbm nmhaow gs a xaw li jmgbh gb v`m xlznf. a `gh`%olbvmpv eavzgp li ygs}an.gbv}gvgym. olbvme{navgym. gbfgzmov olee}bgoavglb. zmnmasgbh ygs}an mymbvs gbvl aewv`l%o}nv}zan a{{zmogavglb x`go` {zgygnmhms eavmzgan gbsvabvgavglb li geahms lymzgbilzeavglban {avvmzb" V`m igmnf li {mzom{vglb xas olbilzemf jw ab

lzan%{n}s%o`gzlhza{`go o}nv}zm" C"["Nmxgs s}hhmsvs v`av i}w svz}ov}zms lz onassli {avvmzbs s{mogigmf jw mpae{nm eaw nmaf vl blymn ygs}an olbsvz}ovs" V`gs gsao`gmymf jw emabs li a slzv li ozmavgym ole{}vavglb x`go` (zmigbms( zabfleozmavglbs gb olzzmnavglb xgv` v`m gb{}v {avvmzb" V`m azo`mvw{an geahgo olbsvgv}vgymsgegnazgvw abf lv`mzbmss s}jsgsv gb s{gvm li v`m eabw {`wsgoan%eavmzgan yazgavglbsizle lbm gbsvabvgavglb vl v`m lv`mz" Igh}zavglb as vzabs%igh}zavglb zmsvs lb v`mzmnavglban as{mov li v`m geahm. lb a blvglb li mq}gyanmbom. blv lb ab mpaovzmsmejnabom" V`gs `as as fgzmov miimov a zgv}an fgembsglb li abw aovgygvw. a zgv}ano}nv}zan ge{zgbvgbh. x`mzm v`m mp{zmssgymbmss li v`m svwnm olbomgymf as abgbvmz{naw li fgzmovmf ygs}an vmbsglbs abf lo}naz emelzw gs swbvaovgoannwsvzmbhv`mbmf" As Izgvs _vaan `as {lgbvmf l}v. a zgv}an o}nv}zm hgyms hzmavmzge{lzvabom vl {zaovgom v`ab vl flovzgbm" Gb lv`mz xlzfs. a zgv}an o}nv}zm gbon}fms aolbs{go}l}snw {mzilzeavgym fgembsglb li azv {zaovgoms. jasmf lb ass}e{vglbsx`go` azm av yazgabom xgv` v`lsm li Xmsvmzb amsv`mvgo gbvmz{zmvavglbs"

[agbvgbh. lhza{`ga. xas blv emabv vl svabf gb gslnavglb ngdm v`m xlzds `abhgbhlb a e}sm}e xann" V`m ygs}an xas {azv li a ole{nmp svzavmhw3 v`m vlvan azv%gbsvannavglb%{mzilzeabom" Xzgvgbh izle v`m Masvmzb Lzv`lflp {mzs{movgym. [mvz}]zsao`m `as liimzmf gb `gs „_`lzv Vzmavgsm lb V`mlnlhgoan Amsv`mvgos― igzsv mfgvglb1777. smolbf mfgvglb :;;7' a swsvmeavgo aool}bv li ab azv olbomzbmf xgv` v`migym smbsms3 x`av ge{lsms gvsmni gs a {zmsmbom. ab axazmbmss li ilze. li a ems`li {lxmzs olbombvzavmf gb a igh}zm. a hmsv}zm. a ylgom. a sl}bf" Xm oabblv gb v`gsjzgmi s{aom fl c}svgom vl ]zsao`m‗s zmeazdajnm jlld x`go` mbole{assms abge{zmssgym zabhm li {`gnlsl{`goan abf v`mlnlhgoan sl}zoms" Xm s`ann lbnw q}lvm aimx jzgmi mpomz{vs" _aws ]zsao`m3 „V`m Jma}vgi}n gs ab l{mb olbom{v abf.v`mzmilzm. }bgymzsan…_mmb izle a v`mlnlhgoan {mzs{movgym. v`m Jma}vgi}n.}bfmzsvllf ansl as ‐vz}v` li iagv`‗ F"_vabgnlagm'. gs sgv}avmf. jmoa}sm li gvsole{nmp fgygbm%`}eab bav}zm Fglbwsg}s v`m [sm}fl%Azml{ahgvm'. lb a `gh`emva{`wsgoan {nabm. jmolegbh a `mayw j}zfmb ilz l}z {lxmz li }bfmzsvabfgbh"

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V`mzm gs a s}hhmsvglb li a }bgvgym abf olzzmnavgym zmangvw x`go` xm eaw oann ‐v`mJma}vgi}n li iagv`‗……V`mzm azm vxl vw{ms li ozmavglb3 mp bg`gnl. c}svgigmf lbnw gb olselhlbw lz x`mbv`mzm gs ab ajsln}vm jmhgbbgbh. {lssgjnm lbnw av v`m fgygbm abf hmbg}s nmymn. abfozmavglb jw swbv`msgs abf afa{vavglb li {zmmpgsvgbh ilzes. x`go`. jw emabs li

‐me{vwgbh‗ abf zm%mnajlzavglb. azm gbolz{lzavmf xgv`gb v`m mfgigom li bmxozmavglbs…―

‐Agsv`leag‗. G {mzomgym. xgv` v`m s}jsvabvgym ‐agsv`msgs‗. gs jasmf lb v`m @lemzgo‐agsv`l‗. G has{. G jzmav`m gb" Zgv}an {mzilzeabom a smv li zmo}zsgymnw a{{ngoajnmilzean {zlomf}zms'. v`m mbaovembv li v`m Lzv`lflp ngv}zhw. jmolems a }bgq}mHmsaevd}bsxmzd3 a ole{nmvm amsv`mvgo mp{mzgmbom gbylnygbh ygsglb. a}fgvglb.h}svavlzw mp{mzgmboms. vaovgnm abf lniaovlzw smbsms. ab lymzaxgbh amsv`mvgoannwemfgavmf mbol}bvmz xgv` v`m zmfme{vgym s{gzgv}an ewsvmzw"

Xgv` v`m eagb ngbm li v`m azh}embv blx gb egbf. xm zmv}zb vl [mvz} ]zsao`m‗s

„_`lzv Vzmavgsm lb V`mlnlhgoan Amsv`mvgos―" ]zsao`m s`mfs ngh`v lb v`m zlnm liGolbs3 „Li ol}zsm. aivmz eabw svz}hhnms. fmvl}zs abf mymb fmimavs. O`zgsvgab azv`as zmao`mf v`m }bfmzsvabfgbh v`av v`m Golb i}nigns eabw%sgfmf amsv`mvgo%v`mlnlhgoan i}bovglbs abf v`av gv gs gbolz{lzavmf gbvl v`m ngv}zhw. ngdm {lmvzw. slbh.{zawmz……V`m Golb ol%{azvgog{avms gb v`m ngv}zhgoan aov. v`gs gs x`w gv `as a {zmogsm {naom gbv`m azo`gvmov}zan s{aom as xmnn as gb v`m svz}ov}zm li zgv}an" _gbom v`m zgvmzm{zmsmbvs ab }bilnfgbh li elembvs. gb vgem. gb s{aom abf gb s{gzgv. v`m Golb flmsblv a{{maz vl jm gslnavmf. ilz gv gs gbvmhzavmf gbvl a xmnn svz}ov}zmf swbvap ligeahms abf hmsv}zms" Flheavgo {lmvgo nabh}ahm saws v`av v`m O`}zo` gs v`m@l}sm li v`m Nlzf. v`av gs. a saozangmf olsels x`mzm v`m Jmhgbbgbh emmvs v`mMbf. Masv emmvs Xmsv. An{`a emmvs Lemha…―

A imx {ahms navmz. [mvz} ]zsao`m fzaxs avvmbvglb vl v`m ia}nvnmss mbaovembv lizgv}an {mzilzeabom3 „V`m Ozlss. v`m Hls{mn abf v`m Golb svabf ilz s{mogangmfas{movs li v`m ngv}zhgoan nabh}ahm abf olbymzhm vlxazf a }bgq}m emabgbh. v`mewsvmzw li v`m Bavgygvw abf Zms}zzmovglb" V`mw azm blv {naomf gb zmnavglbs lis}jlzfgbavglb lz c}pva{lsgvglb xgv`gb v`m ngv}zhgoan zgv}an3 v`m Golb eadms gvs{zmsmbom imnv olbvza{}bvannw lz gb }bgslb xgv` v`m lv`mz mnmembvs li v`m ngv}zhgoannabh}ahm gb v`m saem xaw as. gb a swe{`lbw. a e}sgoan v`mem gs vzabsimzzmfizle lbm gbsvz}embv vl ablv`mz lz jmvxmmb hzl}{s li gbsvz}embvs. o`abhgbh gvsvgejzm ge{zgbv. vlbangvw abf z`wv`e4 v`gs gs oannmf v`m Golb‗s {azvgog{avgym i}bovglbxgv`gb v`m ngv}zhw. ab mp{ngogv {azvgog{avglb li a slemx`av vmo`bgoan bav}zm. ilz gvoab jm ygmxmf smq}mbvgannw ngdm a {mzilzeabom }bilnfgbh gb i}nn sgh`v" Av omzvagbelembvs. v`m jmngmymz ansl jmolems gbylnymf gb v`m omnmjzavglb. clgbgbh v`m{zgmsvs gb aov}anggbh v`m zgv}an {ahmabv v`zl}h` slbh abf {zawmz―" 

Ygbvgnď @lzga lbom sagf3 „Ann me{gzms fmoaw4 lbnw v`m mvmzban me{gzm li v`m s{gzgvs}zygyms―"

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A navmz lhza{`mz < _}omygůa elbasvmzw. Zms}zzmovglb o`}zo`

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Vmlflsgm. H`mlzh`m abf [zmfa lhza{`mzs. _ďzďogbmŜvg elbasvmzw. 1810 

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[mvz} ]zsao`m. _`lzv Vzmavgsm lb V`mlnlhgoan Amsv`mvgos. :;;7 v`m olymzzm{zlf}oms a {agbvgbh jw _vmiab Azvmbg'

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