Stem cells and its application. Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research...
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Stem cells and its application. Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research University of Kufa Faculty of Science Department of
Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific
Research University of Kufa Faculty of Science Department of
Laboratory Investigation Class: 4 th Title of lecture (Stem cells
and its application) Ali Adil Majeed M.Sc. In Histophysiology
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Outline of the lecture : 1- Definition of stem cells 2- Unique
properties of the stem cells 3-Types of the stem cells. 4- Types of
differentiation of stem cells. 5- Applications of stem cells in
treatment of diseases.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can
differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through
mitosis) to produce more stem cells. stem cells can differentiate
into all the specialized cellsectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. What
are the unique Properties of Stem cells ?? Self renewal Potency
Obligatory Stochastic
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Are found types of differentiation of stem cells?1 1-
Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into embryonic and extra
embryonic cell types. Cells produced by the first few divisions of
the fertilized egg are also totipotent. 2- Pluripotent stem cells
are the descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into
nearly all cells, i.e. cells derived from any of the three germ
layers.
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3-
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3- Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into a number of
cell types, but only those of a closely related family of cells. 4-
Oligopotent stem cells can differentiate into only a few cell
types, such as lymphoid or myeloid stem cells. 5- Omnipotent stem
cells can produce only one cell type, their own, but have the
property of self-renewal, which distinguishes them from non-stem
cells (e.g. progenitor cells, muscle stem cells).
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Types of stem cells 1- Embryonic stem (ES) cells which are:
Derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage
embryo. Reach the blastocyst stage 45 days post fertilization, at
which time they consist of 50150 cells. ES cells are pluripotent.
Rapidly Differentiation.
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Fluorescent imaging of embryonic stem cell colonies.
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2- Fetal stem cells which divided into A- Fetal proper stem
cells Located in the organs of fetuses generally obtained after an
abortion.These stem cells are not immortal but have a high level of
division and are multipotent. B- Extraembryonic fetal stem cells
Come from extraembryonic membranes. Generally not distinguished
from adult stem cells. These stem cells are acquired after birth.
They are not immortal but have a high level of cell division, and
are pluripotent.
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3- Adult stem cells which are : Also called somatic stem cells,
which maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.They
can be found in children, as well as adults. Generally small in
number, but they can be found in umbilical cord blood and the bone
marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells
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Applications of the stem cells in medicine field 1- Heart
Faileur *Adult stem cell therapy for treating heart disease was
commercially available in at least five continents. The first
successful integration of human embryonic stem cell derived
cardiomyocytes in guinea pigs (mouse hearts beat too fast) was
reported in August 2012. In 2013 the pioneering reports of powerful
beneficial effects of autologous bone marrow stem cells on
ventricular function were found to contain "hundreds" of
discrepancies
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Diabetes: Diabetes patients lose the function of
insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreas. [49] In recent
experiments, scientists have been able to coax embryonic stem cell
to turn into beta cells in the lab. In theory if the beta cell is
transplanted successfully, they will be able to replace
malfunctioning ones in a diabetic patient [49]
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Missing teeth In 2004, scientists at King's College London
discovered a way to cultivate a complete tooth in mice and were
able to grow bioengineerd teeth stand-alone in the laboratory.
Researchers are confident that the tooth regeneration technology
can be used to grow live teeth in human patients. How???!!!
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stem cells when implanted in the gums, will give rise to a new
tooth, and would be expected to be grown in a time over three
weeks. It will fuse with the jawbone and release chemicals that
encourage nerves and blood vessels to connect with it. The process
is similar to what happens when humans grow their original adult
teeth.
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Conclusion 1- Stem cells are un differentiation cells that
derived from embryo, fetal and adult. 2- They are found in various
shaped, numbers, location and methods of differentiation. 3- In the
nearly future, they will use in regeneration of new tissues, organs
and blood parameters Insha'Allah
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Please dears, answer the following : 1- What are the stem
cells? 2- What Unique properties of the stem cells? 3- What are
types of the stem cells? 4- Give examples of non stem cells? 5- In
your opinion, what are the last uses of stem cells in therapy of
disease?