STEM CELLS: MOVING FORWARD ROBERT DAVID LEE BIOL 1544H ELLEN
TURNER
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WHAT IF? YOU KNEW HOW TO REVOLUTIONIZE MEDICINE BUT COULDNT?
THAT WAS PRECISELY THE PROBLEM FACING SCIENTISTS. Dr. James A.
Thomson Dr. Shinya Yamanaka Sir Martin Evans
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OBJECTIVES INCREASE AWARENESS IN THE COMMUNITY AND DISPEL
CONTROVERSY. PROVIDE AN UP TO DATE RESOURCE AND REFERENCE ON
ADVANCEMENTS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH. SHOW HOW STEM CELLS ARE ALREADY
BEING USED, ESPECIALLY IN ARKANSAS.
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WHAT IS A STEM CELL? STEM CELLS ARE UNDEVELOPED CELLS CAPABLE
OF PROLIFERATION, SELF RENEWAL, CONVERSION TO DIFFERENTIATED CELLS,
AND REGENERATING TISSUES. CELL POTENCY: PLURIPOTENT Can divide into
nearly all cells of an organism. *THESE ARE THE ONES SCIENTISTS ARE
AFTER. MULTIPOTENT Can divide into a number of cells, but only
those of closely related families.
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SUCH POTENTIAL! STEM CELLS COULD BE USED TO: REPAIR ORGANS,
EVEN BURN VICTIMS MEND BROKEN BONES FIGHT HEART, PARKINSONS, AND
HUNTINGTONS DISEASE TREAT DIABETES SCREEN EFFECTIVE AND SAFE DRUGS
MUCH MORE!
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WHERE ARE THEY FOUND? PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS 1981Mouse Embryos
1998Human Embryos 1998Fetal Gonadal Tissue 2001Cloned Embryos
2005Umbilical Cord Blood 2007Amniotic Fluid 2007Induced Pluripotent
Stem Cells
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UMBILICAL CORD DERIVED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS THE MOST READILY
ACCESSIBLE AND UNDERUTILIZED STEM CELL SOURCE DERIVED FROM CORD
BLOOD VIA IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION A laboratory tool that isolates
stem cells from cord blood LIMITED IN NUMBER MANY IMMEDIATE AND
NON-IMMEDIATE USES
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INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS REPROGRAMMING A SKIN CELLS
GENOME THROUGH RETROVIRAL TRANSDUCTION TRANSDUCTION the insertion
of genetic material into a host cell by an RNA virus RETROVIRUS an
RNA virus that is duplicated in a host by enzymes to synthesize DNA
Enzymes then integrate the new DNA with the hosts genome
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INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS CONT. REPROGRAMMING AN ADULT
CELL THROUGH ELECTROPORATION AND TRANSPOSITION ELECTROPORATION the
external application of an electrical field to the host cells
plasma membrane, which increases its permeability TRANSPOSITION DNA
sequences transposing themselves within a host cells genome,
thereby reprogramming the cell The enzyme transposase is introduced
along with plasmids through electroporation, and then induces
transposition, which incorporates the plasmids into the existing
DNA MORE
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THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
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FEDERAL FUNDING vs. REGULATION EMBRYONIC REGULATIONS 1973Roe v.
Wade 1974National Research Act 1975Research on the Fetus 1979In
Vitro Fertilization 1993National Institutes of Health
Revitalization Act 1996Dickey Amendment 2001 Fact Sheet 2005Stem
Cell Research Enhancement Act Vetoed 2007Executive Order 13435
2009Executive Order 13505
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In 2003, the Arkansas State Legislature effectively banned
embryonic stem cell research. Four years later, the Arkansas State
Legislature unanimously approved the New Born Umbilical Cord
Initiative Act.New Born Umbilical Cord Initiative Act This Act
allowed for the establishment of the Cord Blood Bank of Arkansas,
which is keeping Arkansas on the front edge of medical development
by authorizing the collection, storage, and research of cells from
umbilical cord blood following the birth of healthy children. -CBBA
WEBSITECBBA WEBSITE STATE FUNDING vs. REGULATION
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CORD BLOOD BANK OF ARKANSAS PUBLIC BANKING Used immediately for
non-donor recipients, and In researching more effective future
uses. Cost-effective source of stem cells! PRIVATE BANKING Stored
indefinitely for paying customers. Source of revenue for the blood
bank. No one else in the country has a statewide bank. -Dr. Michele
Fox Director of stem-cell therapy at UAMS
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HARVESTING CORD BLOOD The obstetrician performs the procedure.
Minimum 85cc per unit / 100cc is desirable. Sent to Life Force Cryo
Banks in Florida for evaluation. If a success, the unit is sent
bank to UAMS and stored in a cryogenic tank. If a failure, the unit
is used for research.