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28.05.2015
1
STERF’s Program on
Integrated Pest Management
Overview and project examples
Trygve S. Aamlid
CONTACT MEETING BETWEEN STERF AND NATIONAL
AUTHORITIES, COPENHAGEN 27 MAY 2015
Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group
2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries
3. STERF’s IPM programme of 2010: Background, content,
principles, communication project
4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:
Weeds, insects, diseases
5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM
1. Proejcts focusing on pathogens
2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass
species/varieties
3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control
4. Projects focusing on biological control
5. Proejcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides
28.05.2015
2
Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group
2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries
3. STERF’s IPM programme of 2010: Background, content,
principles, communication project
4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:
Weeds, insects, diseases
5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM
1. Proejcts focusing on pathogens
2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass
species/varieties
3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control
4. Projects focusing on biological control of diseases
5. Projcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides
Trond Tanja Jan Trygve Wendy Agnar
Maternity
leave until 1
July 2016
Temporary (?)
postion from
1 June 2015:
Sara C. Gil
19 søkere
til vikar-
stilling
Bioforsk Turfgrass
Research Group
28.05.2015
3
Landvik
Apelsvoll
Bioforsk’s
centres for
turfgrass
research
NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
1 July 2015:
Norway’s second largest research institute, c. 700
employees
Turfgrass research organized as part of a new Section for Urban Greening and Environmental engineering
28.05.2015
4
Many types of turf – a
significant industry1. Sports turf: Football, baseball, tennis,
horserace, polo, golf etc.
2. Public park, playgrounds,
recreational areas
3. Private gardens / lawns
4. Extensive, ‘utility’ turf: Road and
railroad verges, industrial areas, military
areas, set a side land
Norway: 200.000 ha turf = 20 % of agricultural land
The five Nordic countries:
Some GOLF facts
Golf union
members
Total
Finland ca. 140.000 ca. 160
Sweden ca. 480.000 ca. 470
Denmark ca. 150.000 ca. 150
Norway ca. 110.000 ca. 160
Iceland ca. 20.000 ca. 60
Total ca. 900.000 ca. 1000
28.05.2015
5
1000 golf courses x 60 ha = 60.000 ha
Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group
2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries
3. STERF’s IPM program of 2010: Background, content, principles,
communication project
4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:
Weeds, insects, diseases
5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM
1. Projects focusing on pathogens
2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass
species/varieties
3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control
4. Projects focusing on biological control
5. Proejcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides
28.05.2015
6
STERF’s first R&D
program, 2010
Background:
EU’s IPM Directive
2009/128/EU: A
framework for
community action for
sustainable use of
pesticides
EU Council Directive 128/2009/EU:
Member States shall, having due regard for the necessary hygiene
and public health requirements and biodiversity, or the results of
relevant risk assessments, ensure that the use of pesticides is minimised
or prohibited in certain specific areas. Appropriate risk
management measures shall be taken and the use of low-risk
plant protection products as defined in Regulation (EC) No
1107/2009 and biological control measures shall be considered
in the first place. The specific areas in question are:
(a) areas used by the general public or by vulnerable groups as
defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009,
such as public parks and gardens, sports and recreation grounds,
school grounds and children’s playing areas.
Relevance of IPM for
golf courses and other turfgrass areas
28.05.2015
7
Program synopsis (2010)• Background:
– EU’s IPM directive and the Swedish Government’s target: A pesticide free
envionment
– IPM principles and how they can be applied on turf
• Society’s benefits and responsibities
• The need for public funding of research and tecnology transfer – in all
sectors (beyond agriculture)
• Golf sector’s responsibilities
• Outcome of a workshop: The need for IPM at all levels: Design,
construction, renovation, maintenance, golfers’ attitudes
• Pesticide availabiliy and use as of 2010
• Surveys showing much lower pesticide use per unit area in golf than in
agriculture
• Few products – old chemistries – agricultural formulations
• Plans for documentation and communication
• Fact sheets, teaching materials, IPM section on STERF’s website
– Knowlegde gaps and need for research
The IPM programme was soon followed up with a Communication project for the park and golf sector2010 - 2011
AimNew knowledge in an IPM perspective
Outcomes Web based library IPM Framework 20 fact sheets Seminars in Sweden Norway and Denmark
More than 350 participants
Fact sheets
28.05.2015
8
IPM Communication project part I- Park and golf Sector
Target group• Park sport and golf facilities• Authorities on local, regional and national level• Education organisations
Funding STERF, Swedish Board of Agriculture,
Danish Ministry of Education Total investment €100 000
Fact sheets
What is IPM ?
• Integrated Pest Management
• Intelligent Plant Management
IPM vs. PFM(Pesticide Free Mangement)
28.05.2015
9
?
• Preventive measures must be used or supported.
• Forecasting and early warning methods must be used where
available.
• Decisions on pest management measures must be preceded
by monitoring in the field.
• The use of pest management measures must be tailored to
requirements – in the first instance non-chemical methods
must be preferred to chemical.
• When chemical methods are used, the use of chemicals must
be limited, the most target-specific pesticide must be selected
and account must be taken of the risk of resistance.
• The success of the pest management measures implemented
should be monitored on the basis of the documentation carried
out.
IPM principles
28.05.2015
10
The IPM triangle
Pest = unwanted organism
Weeds, fungi, bacteria, insects, nematodes
Injury
Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group
2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries
3. STERF’s IPM program of 2010: Background, content, principles,
communication project
4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:
Weeds, insects, diseases
5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM
1. Projects focusing on pathogens
2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass
species/varieties
3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control
4. Projects focusing on biological control
5. Proejcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides
28.05.2015
11
What are the major challenges
for Nordic turfgrass managers ?
• Weeds (5 fact sheets)
• Diseases (6 fact sheets)
• Insects (1 fact sheet)
Weeds: Plant in wrong place
28.05.2015
12
Tekst starter uden punktopstilling
For at få punkt-opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning
For at få venstre-stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning
Overskrift her
For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”:
Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”.Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod
Pesticide use on golf courses in Denmark
After: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen
Distribution of pesticides on area type Pesticide use on fairways
Kg active compound
Weeds in fescue-dominated fairway,
Smørum GK, Copenhagen
White clover
Perennial ryegrass
Bellis
28.05.2015
13
Dandelion
White clover
Stellaria
Weeds in fairway, Landvik
Plantains
Poa annua – friend or foe ?
28.05.2015
14
Moss – another important weed in turf
1. Winter active pathogens
Hørsholm, GK, Denmark, spring 2010Foto: Jacob Aakjær
The most important diseases
on Nordic golf courses
28.05.2015
15
Pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale)
Foto T. Espevig
Gray snow mold (Typhula spp.)
Foto T. Espevig
28.05.2015
16
The most important diseases
on Nordic golf courses
2. In-season
diseases
Microdochium patch in difffernt grass
species on greens, Landvik
In annual
bluegrass
(Poa annua)
In red fescue
(Festuca rubra) In bentgrass
(Agrostis sp.)
SCANGREEN 2011-2014, Landvik
28.05.2015
17
Microdochium patch
Antracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola)
Foto T. Espevig
28.05.2015
18
Pythium spp.
Foto T. Espevig
Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis)
Foto T. Espevig
28.05.2015
19
What are the most important turfgrass
diseases in Scandinavia ?
INSECTSGarden Chafer (Phyllopertha horticola):
The most important insect
pest on Scandinavian Golf Courses
28.05.2015
20
Garden chafers:
Problem mainly on fairways on light soils
Foto: Hans Peter Ravn
Fairway, Hjørring GC, Denmark
Secondary damage due to birds
Foto: Hans Peter Ravn
28.05.2015
21
Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group
2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries
3. STERF’s IPM program of 2010: Background, content, principles,
communication project
4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:
Weeds, insects, diseases
5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM
1. Projects focusing on pathogens
2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass
species/varieties
3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control
4. Projects focusing on biological control of diseases
5. Projects focusing on sustainable use of fungicides
Projects related to the biology / epidemology of target
organisms:
• Improved strategy for control of Microdochium nivale
on golf courses, 2006-2008
• Identification and risk assessment of dollar spot
(Schlerotinia homeocarpa) on Scandinavian golf
courses, 2014-2016
•
Examples of finished and ongoing
IPM projects funded by STERF
28.05.2015
22
April May June September
Findings in STERF’s Microdochium- project(Anne-Marte Tronsmo & Ingerd S. Hofgaard)
• Pink snow mold and microdichium patch are caused by the same strains of
Microdochoum nivale (Microdochium majus less common on turf)
• M. nivale survives from year ot year in the same spots, but the outbreak of
disease depends on environmental conditions. The amount of inoculum in
the spots may be reduced by antagonistic fungi or bacteria ?
Dollar spot
Schlerotinia homeocarpa
?
(Smørum GC,
10.okt 2012)
28.05.2015
23
Espevig, T., M.B. Brurberg & A. Kvalbein 2014.
First Report of Dollar Spot, Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa,
of Creeping Bentgrass in Norway
Plant Disease 99 (2): 287
Losby GC, Oslo, Norway
Official
Norwegain
name:
MYNTFLEKK
Conclusions of ‘B.Sc. thesis’:
• Compared growth of local isolates of
Scherotinia homeocarpa from Gävle and
Uppsala at 6, 15 and 21 °C. Most severe
disease development at 6 °C.
• Link between geographical origin of an
isolate and its optimum temperature for
disease development, which suggests that
the isolates have adapted to the Nordic
environment
• It is very likely that dollar spot has gained a
foothold in Scandinavia, and that it is here
to stay !
STERF-project 2014-2016: Identification and risk
assessment of dollar spot in Scandinavia
28.05.2015
24
STERF proejct 2014: • Samples collected from 13 Swedish, 11 Danish
and 2 Norwegian golf courses
• Dollar spot identified in 7, 4 and 1 samples, respectively.
• Molecular analyses showed two distinct genetic groups:
Dollar spot at
Sorø GC, Denmark, September 2014
Photo: Karin Normann Petersen
28.05.2015
25
Projects related to ‘strength’ of the turfgrass host: Disease resistance and
competition against weeds
• SCANGREEN: Turfgrass variety testing for golf greens with emphasis on
disease resistance and weed competition (2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-
2014)
• FESCUE GREEN: Best management of red fescue golf greens for high
sustainablity and playability, 2011-2014
Examples of finished and ongoing
IPM projects funded by STERF
Loliumperenne
Festucarubra
Agrostiscapillaris
Agrostiscanina
Agrostisstolonifera
Poatrivialis
Norwegian breeding lines of
Festuca rubra
SCANTURF and SCANGREEN: Finding species
and varieties that are resistant to diseases
and competitive to weeds
28.05.2015
26
SCANTURF AND SCANGREEN
variety testing1. SCANGREEN: Testing og species and varieties for golf
greens, mowing height 3-5 mm. Funded by STERF + variety entrance fees. New trials starting everyfourth year: 1007, 2011, 2015, 2019……..
2. SCANTURF: Testing of species and varieties for short-cut lawns and football pitches. 100% funded by the private seed sector throughenterance fees. Testing period: Sowing year + threeevaluation years. New trials starting in odd numneryears: 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017………..
www.scanturf.org
T
T
Sørlig,
kystnær
sone
Nordlig,
kontinental
sone
Apelsvoll
Landvik
Landvik
(SCANTURF &
SCANGREEN)
X Korpa GC, Reykjavik
(SCANGREEN)
Apelsvoll
(SCANGREEN)
Sydsjælland GC (SCANGREEN)
Ylistaro
(SCANTURF)
Tystofte (SCANTURF)
SCANTURF AND SCANGREEN
test sites
28.05.2015
27
Bentgrasses
Fescues
Pink snow mold in SCANGREEN
at Landvik in spring 2008
But there is hope, even in the
bentgrasses
28.05.2015
28
Resistance to M.nivale in creeping bentgrass
varieties, SCANGREEN 2011-2014
Barcrown FRL
Moccasin FRL
Wilma FRC
Carina
FRC
Frida
FRC
Bargreen
FRC
SCANTURF Landvik, May 2006
Suceptibility to snow molds in red fescues
28.05.2015
29
Double
(tetraploid)
VesuviusCyrena
Clementine Bargold
Resistance to gray snow mold (Typhula
incarnata, Landvik 3 May 2013
SCANTURF: Testing of perennial ryegrass
varieties for short cut lawn
28.05.2015
30
FESCUE: Lord of the Rings ?
Fescue + bent Pure fescue
Landvik, Sept. 2014
Creeping bentgrass: Higher density
and more aggressive horizontal
growth – less chance for weeds
Strong grasses that resist
invasion of weeds
28.05.2015
31
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7D
en
sit
y(1
-9)
/ %
mo
ss
% moss by end of trial Density (1-9)
SCANGREEN, red fescue:
High density varieties
have less weeds
The suitability of
various species for
IPM management
is summarized in
STERF’s guide to
turfgrass species
28.05.2015
32
Species
Es
tab
lis
hm
en
t
rate
Til
ler
de
ns
ity
Le
af
fin
en
es
s
Win
ter
ha
rdin
es
s
Win
ter
co
lor
Fe
rtil
ize
r
req
uir
em
en
t
Ho
izo
nta
l
gro
wth
We
ar
tole
ran
ce
To
lea
nc
eto
in-s
ea
so
n
dis
ea
se
s
To
lera
mn
ce
to
low
mo
win
g
Sh
ad
e
tole
ran
ce
Dro
ug
ht
tole
wra
nc
e
Sa
lt t
ole
ran
ce
Agrostis canina 7 9 7 7 8 4 3 5 4 8 6 7 4
A. capilliaris 6 6* 5* 6* 4 5 5 3 3 7 6 3 2
A. stolonifera 6 8 5 6 4 7 8 5 5 8 4 3 5
Desc. cespitosa 3 5 4 8 4 6 1 5 9 3 8 3 4
Festuca ovina 2 6 8 5* 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 8 5
Festuca rubra
ssp. commutata 4 6 7 7 4 4 1 4 8 5 7 6 6
ssp. litoralis 4 6 7 5 6 4 3 5 7 5 7 7 7
-lange utløpere 4 4 6 5* 5* 4 5 3 6 4 7 8 6
F. trachyphylla 3 6 7 5 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 9 5
Lolium perenne 8 4 5 3 7 8 2 8 7 4 5 6 8
L. multiflorum 9 3 4 1 8 8 2 8 7 3 5 5 8
Poa annua 8 5 5 2 5 8 3 4 2 7 6 1 2
Poa pratensis 2 3 3 8 4 7 8 7 6 2 3 4 3
Poa supina 5 5 5 6 4 7 8 7 6 5 7 4 3
Poa trivialis 7 6 7 3 8 6 5 3 5 7 8 3 3
The Nordic Turfgrass Guide’s ranking of 16
species/subspecies for 13 various characters (1-9)
• Descampsia caespitosa
• Festuca rubra, F. trachyphylla, F. ovina
• Lolium perenne
• Poa pratensis
• Agrostis stolonifera
• Agrostis canina
• Agrostis capillaris
• Poa annua
Le
as
tM
os
t
res
ista
nt
res
ista
nt
Ranking of turfgrasses for
resistance to
in-season diseases
28.05.2015
33
Species
Es
tab
lis
hm
en
t
rate
Til
ler
de
ns
ity
Le
af
fin
en
es
s
Win
ter
ha
rdin
es
s
Win
ter
co
lor
Fe
rtil
ize
r
req
uir
em
en
t
Ho
izo
nta
l
gro
wth
We
ar
tole
ran
ce
To
lea
nc
eto
in-s
ea
so
n
dis
ea
se
s
To
lera
mn
ce
to
low
mo
win
g
Sh
ad
e
tole
ran
ce
Dro
ug
ht
tole
wra
nc
e
Sa
lt t
ole
ran
ce
Agrostis canina 7 9 7 7 8 4 3 5 4 8 6 7 4
A. capilliaris 6 6* 5* 6* 4 5 5 3 3 7 6 3 2
A. stolonifera 6 8 5 6 4 7 8 5 5 8 4 3 5
Desc. cespitosa 3 5 4 8 4 6 1 5 9 3 8 3 4
Festuca ovina 2 6 8 5* 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 8 5
Festuca rubra
ssp. commutata 4 6 7 7 4 4 1 4 8 5 7 6 6
ssp. litoralis 4 6 7 5 6 4 3 5 7 5 7 7 7
-lange utløpere 4 4 6 5* 5* 4 5 3 6 4 7 8 6
F. trachyphylla 3 6 7 5 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 9 5
Lolium perenne 8 4 5 3 7 8 2 8 7 4 5 6 8
L. multiflorum 9 3 4 1 8 8 2 8 7 3 5 5 8
Poa annua 8 5 5 2 5 8 3 4 2 7 6 1 2
Poa pratensis 2 3 3 8 4 7 8 7 6 2 3 4 3
Poa supina 5 5 5 6 4 7 8 7 6 5 7 4 3
Poa trivialis 7 6 7 3 8 6 5 3 5 7 8 3 3
The Nordic Turfgrass Guide’s ranking of 16
species/subspecies for 13 various characters (1-9)
STERF’s project
FESCUE GREEN
Optimal management of red fescue putting
greens for sustainability and playability
28.05.2015
34
• Overall good diseaseresistance
• Low N requirements
• Good drought tolerance
• Slow growth – less mowing
Red fescue, the ideal low-input species
for Nordic turfgrass areas
Photo: Stefan Nilsson
Projects related to non-herbicide weed control
• Weed control on fairways without herbicides, 2008-14
• Dandelion management at Värpinge golf course, 2014-2016
• Overseeding of fairways: A strategy for less weeds, 2011-2015
Examples of finished and ongoing
IPM projects funded by STERF
28.05.2015
35
Mechnical control
Photo: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen
Conclusions from testing of mechanical methods for
weed control on football stadiums and golf courses• Harrowing, vertical cutting, fertilizer, topdressing
• Mechanical methods have no immediate
immediate effect and limited effect
even in the long run
• Combination of methods may work
against specific weeds
28.05.2015
36
Tekst starter uden punktopstilling
For at få punkt-opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning
For at få venstre-stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning
Overskrift her
For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”:
Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”.Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod
Alternative methods that might
work locally
Weed burning
Grazing
Stripping
Controlling earthworm cast
Thistles
Dandelions Bellis
Thistles
Clover
Clover
Dandelions
Differentiated management of weed
- Map the weed problem areas
Knowledge gap:
Biology of perennial weeds in short-cut turfgrass areas
28.05.2015
37
Tekst starter uden punktopstilling
For at få punkt-opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning
For at få venstre-stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning
Overskrift her
For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”:
Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”.Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod
STERF proejct on mechanical
control of dandelions at Värpinge
Golf Cource, Skåne
• Vertical cutting - does not
remove the dandelions, but the
plants appears smaller when
exposed to scarifying frequently
(5-8 time /year) in a 4 year
period.
• We have to lieve with the
dandelions, but a reduction in
size improves playing quality Foto, Håkan Rasmusson
Different timing for overseeding of perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bleygrass and reed fescue
STERF’s project: ‘Overseeding of fairways
for finer turf with less Poa annua and
broadleaved weeds’
28.05.2015
38
Preliminary conclusion:
Regular overseeding of perennial ryegrass makes fairways
more competitive to weeds under Danish conditions
Projects related to disease control: Alternative products and more sustainable
use of fungicides
• Testing of alternative products for the control of Microdochium nivale on
golf greens
• Induction of resistance to Microdochium nivale using Civitas mineral oil. •
Examples of finished and ongoing
IPM projects funded by STERF
28.05.2015
39
Arendal GCX
Bioforsk Landvik
X
Sydsjælland GC
Kävlinge GCXX
Rungsted GC
Five field trials,
2011-2014,
funded mainly
by Danish EPA
BIO-CONTROL: Alternative products for control of
Microdochium nivale, 2011-2014
Objectives
• To provide documentation according to ‘Good
Experimental Practice’ standards for potential
registration of Turf S+ (a bacterial product containing
Streptomyces) and Turf G+/WPG (a fungal product
containing Gliocladium catenulatum), both from
Interagro BIOS AB, and Vacciplant (a seaweed product
containing laminarine) from Nordisk Alkali AB, for use
on golf courses
• To find the most optimal way of using the product(s)
for the control of M. nivale and other turfgrass
pathogens and disseminate this knowledge to
greenkeepers in the Nordic countries
28.05.2015
40
Nordic group evaluating trial
at Kävlinge GC, Sweden
21 March 2013
Rung-
sted,
DK
Syd-
sjælland Kävlinge, S
Land-
vik., NOverall
mean
%
Control of
disease2011 2014 2013 2014 2014
1. Unsprayed
control 36 1 33 13 8 18 a 0
2. Fungicide 3 0 0 1 1 1 b 95
3. Turf G+/WPG 35 0.4 38 10 7 18 a 1
4. Turf S +/WSP 40 0.6 37 15 9 20 a -12
5. Turf G+/WPG +
Turf S+/WSP 41 0.3 40 16 7 21 a -15
6. Vacciplant,
1.0 liter ha-1 28 0.4 38 14 10 18 a 1
7. Vacciplant,
2.0 liter ha-1 31 0.5 47 16 9 21 a -14
The overall results were
unfortunately negative
28.05.2015
41
Landvik, 25 Feb. 2014, after 5 weeks of snow cover
Vacciplant, 2 l/haTurf WPG
Vacciplant, 1 l/ha Turf S+/WSP
Turf WPG +
Turf S+/WSPDelaro (fungicide control)
Unsprayed control Vacciplant, 1 l/ha
New project 2014-2017: Induction of
resistance to M.nivale in turfgrass
species and cultivars using ‘Civitas’
mineral oil
28.05.2015
42
Collaboration with Canadian scientists
and Petro Canada
28.05.2015
43
Screening trials with Civitas-treatment
and inoculation with M.nivale in lab.,
Ontario, Canada and Landvik, Norway
Field (GEP) trials, Denmark,
Sweden, Norway
From Sydsjælland GC:
Photo Klaus Paaske
28.05.2015
44
Photo Klaus Paaske
The preliminary results at Sydsjælland were so promising
that they established an additional demo trial
Photo: Magnus Ljungman
Evaluation of more sustainable
(use of) fungicides,
Österåker GK, Stockholm
28.05.2015
45
Example: Efficacy of 2 vs. 3 fungicide
applications before winter, Landvik
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
30.0
9.2
01
1
28.1
0.2
01
1
25.1
1.2
01
1
23.1
2.2
01
1
20.0
1.2
01
2
17.0
2.2
01
2
16.0
3.2
01
2
13.0
4.2
01
2
11.0
5.2
01
2
M.n
iva
le, %
of
plo
t a
rea
Ikke soppmiddel: 0 + 0 + 0
Headway + 0 + Headway
Medallion + 0 + Medallion
Headway + 0 + Medallion
Headway + Medallion +Medallion
Fungicide 13 Oct. + 2 Nov. + 28 Nov.:
Snow cover
What control levels can be achieved with
increasing number of fungicide
applications before winter ?
• 1 well-timed application: ca 70 % control
• 2 well-times applications: ca90 % control
• 3 well timed applications: >95 % control
Decreasing benefit with increasing application number
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46
GREENCAST: Evaluation of Syngenta’s
GREENCAST prediction model for fungicide
application against M.nivale under Nordic
conditions
Headway, Medallion, new
fungicides
STERF projects on fungicide leakage from
sand-based golf greens, 2006-2010
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47
Lysimeters filled with two different
rootzone compositions:
1. Straight USGA-spec. sand
2. USGA-spec sand with and 20%
garden compost (GM: Green Mix)
Experimental plan
FACTOR 1: Root zone
1. Straight sand
2. Green Mix (garden compost)
FAKTOR 2: Fungicide applications in Sept. and Oct.,
A. Unsprayed control
B. Prochloraz (Sportak EW), 1 L (0.45 kg a.i.) ha-1
C. Azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Amistar Duo),
1 L = 0.20 + 0.125 kg a.i. ha-1
D. Trifloxystrobin + propiconazol (Stratego 250 EC),
1 L= 0.125 + 0.125 kg a.i. ha-1
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48
Detection of fungicides in drain discharge, μg/LStraight sand root zones
0-48 h after application
Drain discharge: 14 mm
2 – 25 days after application
Drain discharge: 61 mm
Pro
klor
az
Azoxy
stro
bin
Tri
floxy-
strobin
Propi
cona
zol
Pro
klor
az
Azoxy
stro-
bin
Tri-
floxy-
strobin
Propi
cona
zol
Unsprayed 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01
Sportak EW
(prochloraz)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Amistar Duo
(Aoxyst. + propic.)
0.00 2.15 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02
Stratego 250 EC
(Triflox. + propic.)
0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03
EU no effect limit 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13
0-48 h after application
Drain discharge: 14 mm
2 – 25 days after application
Drain discharge : 61 mm
Pro
klor
az
Azoxy
stro
bin
Tri
floxy-
strobin
Propi
cona
zol
Pro
klor
az
Azoxy
stro-
bin
Tri-
floxy-
strobin
Propi
cona
zol
Unsprayed 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sportak EW
(prochloraz)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Amistar Duo
(Aoxyst. + propic.)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.13
Stratego 250 EC
(Triflox. + propic.)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
EU no effect limit 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13
Detection of fungicides in drain discharge, μg/LGreen Mix root zones (compost)
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49
Conclusions• Leakage can be practically eliminated by
increasing the amount of organic matter in the
sand-based rootzone. (What about thatch ?)
• The risk is further reduced by regular application
of soil surfactants (wetting agents)
• Great variation among fungicides in risk for
leakage. Urgent need for more studies into
fludioxonil (Medallion/Switch) and other new
products
• More information in SYNOPSIS at www.sterf.org
STERF has a number of proejcts and puts a high
emphasis on communcation and ‘Ready to use
research’.
We would like to collaborate more with the
national environmental authorities in the Nordic
countries on the implementation of IPM
Thanks for your
attention !