8/12/2019 Stochastic Simulator for Estimating Delay in DTN Environment

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Stochastic Simulator For Estimating Delay In DTN

Environment1

P.K.Suri

2

Lokesh Pawar1Professor & Dean, Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, H.C.T.M. Kaithal, Haryana, !D"#M.Tech Stu$ent, Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, H.C.T.M. Kaithal, Haryana, !D"

Abstract:Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) very often suffers

from route failures due to the store-carry and forward approach

and also due to the mobility of nodes. The problem is delay at

each node until the messae carryin node doesn!t find the

receiver node. This situation limits the applicability of

traditional routin techni"ues which cateori#e lack of path as

failure of nodes and try to seek for e$istin end-to-end path.

Approaches have been proposed which focus either on

epidemic messae replication or on prophet routinpreviously known information about the connectivity

schedule. %e have considered that the protocol have the

previous knowlede of routin and computed delay on the basis

of replication on the nodes and on the basis of total time to

transfer the packets from one node to other node. The proposed

work prevents in lare delays due to replications and the total

time for sendin the packets.

&eyword: DTN , PRoPHET, TCP/IP, AODV, DSR, DTLSR,IRT

1. INTROD!CTION

De"a# To"era$% Ne%works &DTNs' are i$%er(i%%e$%"#)o$$e)%e* (o+i"e wire"ess $e%works i$ whi)h %he

)o$$e)%ii%# +e%wee$ $o*es )ha$-es reue$%"# *ue %o$o*es (oe(e$% 01. Ea(3"es o %his sor% o $e%work

i$)"u*e i$%er43"a$e%ar# $e%works 02, wi"*"ie %ra)ki$- a$*

ha+i%a% (o$i%ori$- se$sor $e%works 05, a$* e%). I$ -e$era",

%he DTN rou%i$- works i$ a$ e%e$*e* s%ore4a$*4orwar*

(a$$er.I$ DTN %he 3ro%o)o"s o %o*a#6s i$%er$e% (a#

o3era%e 3oor"#, +e)ause o "o$- *e"a# 3a%hs a$* reue$%

$e%work 3ar%i%io$s. The eis%i$- TCP/IP +ase* I$%er$e%

seri)e (o*e" 3roi*es e$*4%o4e$* i$%er43ro)ess

)o((u$i)a%io$ usi$- a )o$)a%e$a%io$ o 3o%e$%ia""#

*issi(i"ar "i$k4"a#er %e)h$o"o-ies 02. A33"i)a%io$s o

DTNs i$)"u*e "ar-e4s)a"e *isas%er re)oer# $e%works,se$sor $e%works or e)o"o-i)a" (o$i%ori$- 07, o)ea$

se$sor $e%works 08, 9, 3eo3"e$e% 0:, ehi)u"ar $e%works

0;, 1 a$ e$*4%o4e$* 3a%h eis%s +e%wee$ a*a%a sour)e a$* i%s 3eer&s', %he (ai(u( rou$*4%ri3 %i(e

+e%wee$ a$# $o*e 3airs i$ %he $e%work is $o% e)essie, a$*

%he e$*4%o4e$* 3a)ke% *ro3 3ro+a+i"i%# is s(a"".

!$or%u$a%e"#, a )"ass o )ha""e$-e* $e%works, whi)h (a#

io"a%e o$e or (ore o %he assu(3%io$s, are +e)o(i$-i(3or%a$% a$* (a# $o% +e we"" sere* +# %he )urre$% e$*4

%o4e$* TCP/IP (o*e". De"a# To"era$% $e%works are

o33or%u$is%i) $e%worki$- e$iro$(e$% whi)h (a# ar#si-$ii)a$%"# *e3e$*i$- o$ %he re3"i)a%io$ o 3a)ke%s o$ %he

$o*es, how %he (o+i"e $o*es (oe ,how *e$se %he $o*e

3o3u"a%io$ is, a$* how ar a3ar% %he se$*er a$* %he re)eier

are. Si(u"a%io$s 3"a# a$ si-$ii)a$% ro"e i$ a$a"#=i$- %he

+ehaior o DTN rou%i$- a$* a33"i)a%io$ 3ro%o)o".

De"ier# "a%e$)# (a# ar# ro( a ew (i$u%es %o hours or

*a#s, a$* a si-$ii)a$% ra)%io$ o %he (essa-es (a# $o% +e

*e"iere* a% a"". The ke# a)%ors are %he rou%i$- a$*orwar*i$- a"-ori%h(s use* a$* how we"" %heir *esi-$

assu(3%io$s (a%)h %he a)%ua" (o+i"i%# 3a%%er$s. No i*ea"rou%i$- s)he(e has +ee$ ou$* so ar. Si(u"a%io$s 3"a# a$

i(3or%a$% ro"e i$ a$a"#=i$- %he +ehaior o DTN rou%i$-

a$* a33"i)a%io$ 3ro%o)o"s. ?i%h %#3i)a""# s3arse"#

*is%ri+u%e* $o*es, DTN si(u"a%io$s a+s%ra)% ro( %he

*e%ai"s o %he wire"ess "i$k )hara)%eris%i)s a$* si(3"#

assu(e %ha% %wo $o*es )a$ )o((u$i)a%e whe$ %he# are i$

ra$-e o o$e a$o%her. De"a# a$* *isru3%io$4%o"era$%

$e%works &DTNs' are )hara)%eri=e* +# %heir "a)k o)o$$e)%ii%#, resu"%i$- i$ a "a)k o i$s%a$%a$eous e$*4%o4e$*

3a%hs. I$ %hese )ha""e$-i$- e$iro$(e$%s, 3o3u"ar a* ho)

rou%i$- 3ro%o)o"s su)h as AODV &A*4ho) o$ De(a$*

Dis%a$)e Ve)%or' a$* DSR &D#$a(i) Sour)e Rou%i$-' ai"

%o es%a+"ish rou%es. This is *ue %o %hese 3ro%o)o"s %r#i$- %oirs% es%a+"ish a )o(3"e%e rou%e a$* %he$, a%er %he rou%e has

+ee$ es%a+"ishe*, orwar* %he a)%ua" *a%a. @# %he

or(u"a%io$ o %hese ki$* o 3ro+"e(s re"a%e* %o DTN wea$a"#=e* a$* rea)he* a% a )o$)"usio$ o i$*i$- ou% %he

si(u"a%e* resu"%s or %he es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# a$* *e"a#

*is%ri+u%io$.

2. PROPOSED ALORITHB

The e3e)%e* *e"ier# *e"a# is %he (i$i(u( e3e)%e* %i(e

u$%i" a$# $o*e wi%h %he re3"i)a o %he 3a)ke% *e"iers %he

3a)ke% so a $o*e $ee*s %o k$ow whi)h o%her $o*es 3ossess

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re3"i)as o %he 3a)ke% a$* whe$ %he# e3e)% %o (ee% %he

*es%i$a%io$. To es%i(a%e e3e)%e* *e"a# we assu(e %ha% %he

3a)ke% is *e"iere* *ire)%"# %o %he *es%i$a%io$, i-$ori$- %he

ee)% o ur%her re3"i)a%io$. This es%i(a%io$ is $o$%riia"

ee$ wi%h a$ a))ura%e -"o+a" s$a3sho% o s#s%e( s%a%e. or

ease o e3osi%io$ 0, we irs% 3rese$% ra3i*6s es%i(a%io$a"-ori%h( as i we ha* k$ow"e*-e o %he -"o+a" s#s%e(

s%a%e, a$* %he$ 3rese$% a 3ra)%i)a" *is%ri+u%e*

i(3"e(e$%a%io$. Si$)e we *o $o% k$ow %he (ee%i$- %i(e

*is%ri+u%io$s, we si(3"# assu(e %he# are e3o$e$%ia""#

*is%ri+u%e* a$* a"so as $or(a""# *is%ri+u%e*. ?e -e$era%e*

%he i$3u%s or +o%h o %he (ee%i$- %i(e *is%ri+u%io$s whi)h

"e* us %o %he resu"%s o %he es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a#. ?e

hae *o$e seera" si(u"a%io$ ru$s +# 3roi*i$- %he rea"a"ues %o %he s#s%e(. Rea" a"ues are -e$era%e* +# usi$-

seera" a"-ori%h(s whi)h were *esi-$e* or %he

reuire(e$% %o so"e %he 3ro+"e( s%a%e(e$%. ?e hae

-e$era%e* seera" i$3u%s a$* %hese i$3u%s are ur%her ee*er

%o %he si(u"a%or we *esi-$e* a$* e%)h %he resu"%s. I$ ea)h

)ase we hae *o$e seera" si(u"a%io$ ru$s. ?hi)h "ea* us

%o %he o""owi$- resu"%s. ?e hae -e$era%e* %he a"ues o uk+e%wee$ &

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5. I %he %i(e "e% is "ess %ha$ %he %o%a" %i(e, %he

3a)ke%s wi"" +e %ra$serre*. I %he %i(e "e% is

-rea%er %ha$ %o%a" %i(e %he 3a)ke%s are

*ro33e*.

. Le% us assu(e %ha% or ea)h e$)ou$%ere*

3a)ke% i, Pro3he% (ai$%ai$s a "is% o $o*es %ha%

)arr# %he re3"i)a o i.

7. Su33ose a"" %he $o*es (ee% a))or*i$- %o a

u$ior( e3o$e$%ia" *is%ri+u%io$ wi%h (ea$

%i(e 1/.

8. The aera-e $u(+er o 3a)ke%s sere* 3er

u$i% o %i(e is a ra$*o("# -e$era%e* i$%e-er

a"ue.

9. De%er(i$e %he es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# or

DTN usi$->

P&a&i'G%'14e4(/n1+ /n2+!!+ /n")

The S%e3 1 i$ %he a"-ori%h( is *es)ri+i$- %ha% we hae

assu(e* %he %o%a" %i(e reuire* +# %he 3a)ke%s o$ %he

$o*es %o rea)h %heir *es%i$a%io$s, %he %i(e or %hese $o*es is

assu(e* as e3o$e$%ia""# *is%ri+u%e* a$* we -e$era%e* %hei$3u%s or %he %i(e reuire* or %he $o*es %o rea)h %heir

*es%i$a%io$. S%e3 2 *es)ri+es %he %i(e "e% or %he 3a)ke% %o

+e %ra$serre* i% is ra$*o("# -e$era%e*. S%e3 5 i% )o$sis%s o

a )o$*i%io$ i a 3a)ke%6s %o%a" %ra$serri$- %i(e is "ess %ha$

%i(e "e% %o %ra$ser %he 3a)ke% %he 3a)ke%s wi"" +e *ro33e*.

S%e3 I$ %his s%e3 we assu(e* %ha% %he 3ro3he% rou%i$-

3ro%o)o" (ai$%ai$s a "is% o $o*es whi)h )arr# re3"i)a o %he

3a)ke%, 3ro3he% &3ro+a+i"is%i) rou%i$- 3ro%o)o" usi$- his%or#o e$)ou$%ers a$* %ra$si%ii%#' i% )o$sis%s o (e%ri)s whi)h

i%se" (ai$%ai$s a "is% o a"" %he $o*es whi)h hae re3"i)a o

%he sa(e 3a)ke%. S%e3 7 a-ai$ we assu(e* %ha% a"" %he

$o*es (ee% a))or*i$- %o a u$ior( e3o$e$%ia" *is%ri+u%io$

wi%h (ea$ %i(e 1/. S%e3 8 The aera-e $u(+er o 3a)ke%ssere* 3er u$i% o %i(e is a ra$*o("# -e$era%e* i$%e-er

a"ue i% (ea$s %here )a$ +e a$# $u(+er o re3"i)a%io$s o

(essa-es a% a$# $o*e a% a 3ar%i)u"ar %i(e. S%e3 9 I$ %his

s%e3 we )a")u"a%e our resu"%s or %he i$3u%s 3roi*e*. Ea)h

$o*e (ai$%ai$s a se3ara%e ueue o 3a)ke%s *es%i$e* %oea)h $o*e sor%e* i$ *e)reasi$- or*er o %i(e si$)e

)rea%io$J%he or*er i$ whi)h %he# wou"* +e *e"iere*

*ire)%"# . Es%i(a%e De"a# (akes a si(3"i#i$- assu(3%io$

%ha% *oes$6% ho"* i$*e3e$*e$%"#. This -ra3hi)a" s)e$ario

re3rese$%s es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# s. %he (ai(u(

aai"a+"e %i(e %o %ra$ser %he 3a)ke%s. ?e hae %ake$ a

s)e$ario where 7 $o*es are wi""i$- %o se$* %he (essa-es %o

ea)h o%her kee3 i$ $o%i)e %ha% $o% ea)h $o*e is i$%eres%e* %o*e"ier %he 3a)ke%s %o %he o%her $o*e.

5 . RES!LTS

1. ?e hae si(u"a%e* %he +ehaior o DTN $e%work

wi%h %he he"3 o C.

2. A%er seera" Si(u"a%io$ ru$s i$ ea)h )ase we

hae -o% %he resu"%s or *e"a# *is%ri+u%io$ i$ %he

DTN $e%work.

5. I$ %he )ase o es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# i$ %he DTN$e%work we si(u"a%e* %he sa(e $u(+er o %i(es

as or *e"a# *is%ri+u%io$.

. ?e hae si(u"a%e* es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a#

a))or*i$- %o @o4Bu""er %ra$sor(a%io$ a$*

e3o$e$%ia""# *is%ri+u%e* a"ues.

7. De"a# *is%ri+u%io$ is *ire)%"# 3ro3or%io$a" %o %he

$u(+er o re3"i)a%io$s o %he 3a)ke% i a$* (ea$

%i(e.

8. I$ Es%i(a%e* De"ier# De"a# Dis%ri+u%io$ *ue %o

%he hi-h re3"i)a%io$s o 3a)ke%s %he *e"a#

*e)reases i$ su+$or(a" or( si$)e we )a$ sa# +#

%his %ha% es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# is i$erse"#3ro3or%io$a" %o %he $u(+er o re3"i)a%io$ a$*

*ire)%"# 3ro3or%io$a" %o %he %o%a" %i(e ei%her

$or(a""# *is%ri+u%e* or e3o$e$%ia""# *is%ri+u%e*

%i(e sa(3"es.

Ta+"e 1 is showi$- %he *a%a re"a%e* %o our si(u"a%e* resu"%s

whi)h we hae 3"o%%e* i$ %he i-ure 5.1 %he (ai(u(aai"a+"e %i(e i$ irs% )ase is

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$u(+er o re3"i)as o %he 3a)ke%s a% *iere$% $o*es or o$

%he sa(e $o*e.

i-ure 5.1 > ra3h or Es%i(a%e* De"ier# De"a# E3o$e$%ia" Dis%ri+u%io$

The -ra3h shows %he re"ees or %he a"ues o %i(e a$* *ue

%o %he )ha$-e i$ %he re3"i)a%io$s o 3a)ke%s a% *iere$%

i$3u% sa(3"es o %i(e. A%er e%)hi$- resu"%s or e3o$e$%ia"*is%ri+u%io$, $or(a" *is%ri+u%io$ is use* %o e%)h (ore

resu"%s or )o(3arisio$ %he i$3u%s -e$era%e* or %he %o%a"%i(e o a 3a)ke% i$ whi)h i% shou"* +e se$% %o %he

*es%i$a%io$. These i$3u%s or %he %o%a" %i(e are $ow

-e$era%e* +# %he he"3 o $or(a" *is%ri+u%io$ a%er %he

-e$era%io$, %hese a"ues are ur%her ee*e* %o %he si(u"a%or

*esi-$e* a$* %he resu"%s are e%)he*. A sa(3"e ro( %he

i$3u% )a$ ur%her +e ou$* ou% as a sa(3"e ro( a$# $or(a"

*is%ri+u%io$ wi%h s3e)iie* a$* si-(a.

The %a+"e 2 *e3i)%s a"" %he i$or(a%io$ or %he i-ure 5.2

%he (ai(u( aai"a+"e %i(e i$ irs% )ase is ra3h or Es%i(a%e* De"ier# De"a# Nor(a" Dis%ri+u%io$

The -ra3h i$ i-ure 5.2 shows %he re"ees or %he a"ues o%i(e a$* *ue %o %he )ha$-e i$ %he re3"i)a%io$s o 3a)ke%s a%

*iere$% i$3u% sa(3"es o %i(e.?e here e3"ai$ or a a"ue

i (ai(u( aai"a+"e %i(e or a 3a)ke% %o +e se$% %o %he

*es%i$a%io$ is

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7. ?e hae use* %he es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a# resu"%s

%o 3"o% %he )o(3ari%ie -ar3h +e%wee$ %he %wo

*is%ri+u%io$s.

Ta+"e 5 shows us %he )o(3ara%ie s%u*# or %he s)e$arioswe *is)usse* ear"ier a$* use* +# us or %he o3%i(i=a%io$ o

*e"a#. There is $o% a +i- *iere$)e i$ %he *e"a# *iere$)e

+e%wee$ %he e3o$e$%ia" a$* $or(a" *is%ri+u%io$s. @u%

$or(a" *is%ri+u%io$ shows so(e -oo* si-$s a$* is

a$a"#%i)a""# +e%%er %ha$ e3o$e$%ia""# *is%ri+u%e* %i(esa(3"es whi)h +ears a +i% (ore *e"a# as )o(3are* a)ross

a"" %he (aor a)%ors or %he es%i(a%e* *e"ier# *e"a#.

TA@LE 5

COBPARATIVE TA@LE OR ESTIBATED DELIVERF DELAF

Seria"No.

E3o$e$%ia""#Dis%ri+u%e*

De"a#

Nor(a""#Dis%ri+u%e*

De"a#

De"a#Diere$)e

1.

1. I$ a $e%work where 3a)ke%s are se$% a$* re)eie*is a %#3e o $e%work where (ai$ o+e)%ie is %o

(ai(i=e %he 3ro+a+i"i%# o (essa-e *e"ier#.

2. Bessa-e )ou"* 3o%e$%ia""# +e "os% *ue %o )rea%io$

o "oo3s or or)e* *is)ar*i$- o *a%a.

7 . !T!RE ?ORK

The *e"a# *e%er(i$e* +# %he 3ro3ose* a"-ori%h( (a# a"so

+e useu" or (ai$%ai$i$- a $ewer (e%ri)s o$ %he $o*es

whi)h re3rese$%s %he his%or# o %he *e"a# o$ %he $o*es a%

3ar%i)u"ar )ir)u(s%a$)es. This (a# har( %he (e(or# a$*a"so %he seri)e %i(e. ?e )a$ a"so ur%her *e%er(i$e %he

"ie%i(e o %he *e"a# a"ues %o +e s%ore* or %he 3erio* o

%i(e. The a"-ori%h(s 3rese$%e* here *o $o% a))ou$% or

+uer "i(i%s a% i$%er(e*ia%e $o*es whe$ *e%er(i$i$-

rou%es. I a $o*e has i$sui)ie$% s%ora-e %o ho"* i$4%ra$si%

*a%a, %ha% *a%a is *ro33e*. "ow )o$%ro" (e)ha$is(s )ou"*

+e e(3"o#e* %o 3ree$% su)h *ro3s i$ so(e )ir)u(s%a$)es,

+u% (a$# eis%i$- (e%ho*s or ha$*"i$- *#$a(i) "ow)o$%ro" *o $o% work we"" wi%h "o$- 3ro3a-a%io$ *e"a#s.

Thus, i% wou"* a33ear so(e or( o 3roa)%ie a*(issio$

)o$%ro" (a# +e (ore a33ro3ria%e, +u% *is)oeri$- %he +es%

or( o %his (e)ha$is( or DTNs re(ai$s o3e$. Re(oa"

o (essa-es a% a $o*e, ei%her +e)ause %he# hae e3ire* or

or a33"i)a%io$ s3e)ii) reaso$s, is a$o%her a33roa)h or

)o$%ro""i$- +uer o))u3a$)#. The o+e)%ie u$)%io$ we

hae se"e)%e* here (i$i(i=es *e"a#, +u% i$ so(e s)e$arioso%her (e%ri)s &e.-. (o$e%ar# )os%', whi)h (a# $o% +e

*ire)%"# *eria+"e ro( *e"a#, (a# +e (ore i(3or%a$%. Thiswou"* 3rese$% %he 3ro+"e( o how %o (easure %he (e%ri) o

i$%eres% a$* wou"* a-ai$ raise %he i(3"e(e$%a%io$ ues%io$

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or %he )orres3o$*i$- $ew k$ow"e*-e ora)"e. The a33roa)h

o re3"i)a%i$- (essa-es %o a"" $o*es is e3e$sie a$* *oes

$o% a33ear %o s)a"e we"" wi%h i$)reasi$- "oa*. So we )a$

kee3 a )he)k o$ %he re3"i)a%io$s o (essa-es %o (ake a

)ou$%a+"e $u(+er o re3"i)a%io$s a$* %he$ %o s%o3 or %o

re3ea% %he sa(e %his )a$ +e a"so o)use* i$ u%ure. The useo a)k$ow"e*-e(e$%s %o re(oe (essa-es ro( %he

$e%work a%er *e"ier# %o %heir *es%i$a%io$s wi"" +e

i$es%i-a%e*. Due %o %he $e-"i-e$)e o %his u$$e)essar#

%ra$sers o (essa-es, was%i$- a"ua+"e s#s%e( a$*

resour)es.

REERENCES

01 Fo$- Liao, Ku$ Ta$ , he$she$- ha$-, Lii$ ao. Bo*e"i$-

Re*u$*a$)#4+ase* Rou%i$- i$ De"a# To"era$% Ne%works. Co$su(er

Co((u$i)a%io$s a$* Ne%worki$- Co$ere$)e, 2