Storage

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Storage Basic Concepts

SAN Storage

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Objective What is storage Types of Storage Storage Vendors Types of Disks RAID Technology SAN Switches & FC Cables Hardware parts Technical words What is Zoning

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What is Storage?Storage is the place where data is held in an electromagnetic or optical form for access by a computer processor.Computer understands Binary language (0 and 1). As such they store information in that form as well.

1Bit = 0 or 18 Bits = 1 Byte1024 Bytes = 1KB (Kilo Byte)1024 KB = 1MB (Mega Byte)1024 MB = 1GB (Giga Byte)1024 GB = 1TB (Tera Byte)1024 TB = 1PB (Peta Byte)1024 PB = 1EB (Exa Byte)1024 EB = 1ZB (Zetta Byte)1024 ZB = 1YB (Yotta Byte)


Types of StorageDAS – Direct Attached StorageNAS – Network Attached StorageSAN – Storage Area Network


Direct Attached Storage:DAS is digital storage that is attached directly to a computer or a server.

DAS Limitations:• Difficult to

Manage• Poor Scalability• Poor capacity

utilization• Limited

Availability

DAS – Direct Attached Storage


NAS – Network Attached Storage

NAS (Network-attached storage):It is file-level computer data storage connected to a computer network providing data access to heterogeneous clients.

Advantages of NAS:* High Availability* Redundancy* Scalability

Disadvantages:* Performance of the NAS will depend upon the amount of bandwidth available.


SAN- Storage Area NetworkAdvantages of SAN:

* High Availability* Redundancy* Scalability* High Performance

Disadvantages:* Very Expensive* Complex to manage

SAN (Storage Area Network):It is a specialized, high speed network that provides block-level networkaccess to storage


Storage VendorsEMCNetAppIBMHPHitachiFujitsuDellOracle EMC Netapp HPE IBM Others

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Types of Disks• HDD• ATA• IDE• SATA• SCSI• SSD• FC


RAID TechnologyRAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.Types of RAID:RAID 0 – striping

RAID 1 – mirroringRAID 5 – striping with

parityRAID 6 – striping with double

parityRAID 10 – combining mirroring and striping

https://www.prepressure.com/library/technology/raid#raid-0








SAN Switches & Fiber ChannelSAN Switch: It is device that connects servers and shared pools of storage devices and is dedicated to moving storage traffic.

Fibre Channel, or FC, is a high-speed network technology (commonly running at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 128 gigabit per second rates) primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers.Fibre Channel is mainly used in storage area networks (SAN) in commercial data centers.


Major Hardware Parts in Storage Box PDU’s (power distribute Units) Controllers Disk Enclosures FE (Front End ports) BE (Back End Ports) Physical Disks FC / iSCSI Cables Blowers LED’s


Hardware parts Description PDU’s :- PDU’s provide the power to storage box. Controllers :- It controls & manages all the attributes in storage

box.

Disk Enclosures :- DE contains the bays to load the physical drives.

FE Ports :- By using FE ports we can connect Host / Fabric.

BE Ports :- BE ports will use to connect the Enclosures / Disks.

Physical disks :- Physical Disk refers to an actual physical HDD (or array in a hardware RAID setup), whereas Logical Disk refers to a Volume that has been created on that disk.

FC / Iscsi cables :- These are used to connect SAN devices.


Hardware Parts continuation

Blowers :- Blowers will use to reduce the heat in devices.

LED’s :- Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor light source, often used as an indicator light in electronic devices.


Technical words in SANArray :-Array is nothing but grouping number of hard disks to provide a huge storage is called array.

Disk Group :- A disk group ties together multiple hard disks to allow for one or multiple volumes across a RAID configuration on these disks. When a RAID is created, all of the included disks are recognized as one data partition

Provisioning :- Provisioning is nothing but assign the storage to host on request.

we have 2 types of Provisioning in storage i) Thin Provisioning ii) Thick Provisioning


Technical words in SAN LUN:- Logical Unit Number LUNs are a logical abstraction between a physical disk device and applications. And is a unique identifier for designating an individual or collection of physical or virtual storage devices that execute input/output commands with a host computer, as defined by the Small System Computer Interface (SCSI) standard.

Trace Pass:- Trace pass is nothing but change the ownership of LUN’s in controllers.


Technical words in SAN WWN’S :- Associating a world wide name (WWN) to a logical unit number (LUN) within a storage array is a way of implementing data security in the SAN. Each HBA in your servers connected to the SAN has a WWN. Within the storage array, you can assign the WWN to a particular LUN so that even if zoning is not implemented in the SAN fabric, only that particular HBA will have access to that specific LUN. This is sometimes referred to as "LUN masking.“ Cache :- Cache is nothing but temporary storage in controller. Hot Spare:- A hot spare is a backup device that is usually in

standby mode but becomes immediately available if a primary device / Disk component fails.


Zoning What is zoning ? zoning is the allocation of resources for device load balancing and for selectively allowing access to data only to certain users.

There are two types zoning :- i) Hard Zoning ii) Soft Zoning

Hard Zoning :- If we create the zoning by using switch port number & Domain ID that is called hard zoning.

Soft Zoning :- If we create the zoning by using Host WWN’s & Array WWN’s that is called Soft zoning.


Technical Words at Fabric Alias

Zone

Zoneconfig

Flogi

Plogi


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