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Stormwater Management and Elements of Low Impact Development. Protecting Our Water Resources – An Ecological Approach to Land Care & Design Chatham Community Center November 16 , 2013. Rich Claytor Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 508-833-6600. Today’s Agenda. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Stormwater Management and Elements of
Low Impact Development
Protecting Our Water Resources – An Ecological
Approach to Land Care & Design
Chatham Community CenterNovember 16, 2013Rich Claytor
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.508-833-6600
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Today’s Agenda
• The basics of stormwater and watershed management
• The evolution of stormwater management towards Low Impact Development(LID)
• Examples of LID Practices
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Stormwater basics
http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/features/story.aspx?id=668
Watershed Hydrology What is a watershed?A: a building for water storage
B: the land area that drains to a given water body
C: a shack from which fishing occurs
D: a moment in time when you cross into a new area
E: a new way of organizing environmental agencies
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Stormwater basicsUrbanization results in
increased surface runoff
BEFORE AFTER
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Components of Impervious Cover in the Urban Landscape
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Stormwater basics
At ~10% impervious we begin to see: •Water quality issues•Impacts to biological communities•Increased flooding•Stream erosion•Loss of recreational uses•Shellfish bed closures•Reduced baseflow and recharge
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Community Planning
LID Site Design
LID BMPs
Large Conventional BMPs
Receiving Waters
Low Impact Development (LID)
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Site Planning and Design Approach
Objective - to provide a process by which LID is considered at an early stage in the planning process to prevent stormwater impacts rather than mitigate them.
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
AVOIAVOIDD
REDUCE
REDUCE MANAGEMANAGE
AVOID
AVOID
REDUCEREDUCE MANAGE
MANAGE
MANAGEMANAGE
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Low Impact Development (LID)
• Site fingerprinting– Preserve natural areas– Retain key pervious areas
• Residential– Narrow streets– Alternative turnarounds– Smart sidewalks – Shared driveways– Reduced setbacks– Open section roads– Downspout disconnection
• Non-residential– Pervious spillover parking– Maximum parking ratios– Shared parking– Reduced stall dimensions
Traditional Design LID• Mass clearing and
grading– Loss of trees– Compaction of native soils
• Residential– Wide streets and cul-de-sacs– Sidewalks to nowhere– Lots of turf– Curb and gutter– Ponds
• Non-residential– Big parking lots– Minimum parking ratios– Large stall dimensions
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Low Impact Development (LID)
Site Design
Traditional LID
BMPs
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Traditional controls
• Goal: Get the water out of here as fast as possible
• Collect and storage in big, “hole in ground” off-site
• Pipe discharge to a stream or wetland
• Limited water quality treatment and infiltration
• Stormwater is a waste product
LID controls• Goal: Reduce the amount of
surface runoff by reducing impervious cover and preserving natural areas
• Rely on small, distributed on-site practices
• Infiltrate or reuse as much as possible; filter before discharge
• Source controls to minimize pollution
• Stormwater is a resource
Low Impact Development (LID)
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Which of these is not LID?A
B
C D
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Which of these is not LID?
A
C D
B
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Which of these is not LID?
A B
C D
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Which is not considered LID?
A B
C D
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Bioretention
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
• Bioretention Retrofit
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Bioretention
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Bioretention
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Rain gardens
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Planters
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Tree pits
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Porous Pavement
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Porous Pavement
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Infiltration
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Infiltration
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Green/blue roofs
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Green/blue roofs
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID Practice Library: Swales
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
LID/GI Practice Library: Gravel wetlands
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Resources
There are many…
• MA Smart Growth/Smart Energy Toolkit
• MAPC LID checklist
• Town of Franklin Best Development Practices Guidebook
• RI Community LID Site Planning and Design Guidance Document
• Better Site Design Handbook (CWP)
• NH Innovative Land Use Planning Techniques
Horsley Witten Group, Inc.Horsley Witten Group, Inc.
Questions?