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8/14/2019 STPM Biology Practical Guide
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Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
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< Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(h) pmeo brewho` wdhad hs bfoi wdio flsirvho` tdi spiahcio uobir tdi mfw fr cibhuc pfwir
flniathvi fj tdi charfsafpi tf sii tdi fvirvhiw fj tdi spiahcio. Futmhoi fj tdi spiahcio hs
brewo wdhad cey afoteho meyirs tf hobhaeti tdi bhstrhluthfo fj verhfus thssuis whtdfut
sdfwho` eoy aimms(hhh) bitehmib brewho` wdhad hs usuemmy bfoi uobir cibhuc fr dh`d pfwir flniathvi fj tdi
charfsafpi. Iviry sho mi typi fj aimm hs brewo eaauretimy ho struaturi, pfshthfo eob
prfpfrthfo tf iead ftdir. E siatfr fj aimms aeo li brewo tf riprisiot tdi wdfmi struaturi fj
tdi spiahcio hj stubiots devi thci afostrehot. Ho tdi aesi fj pmeot aimms, bfulmi mhois aeo li
usib tf sdfw tdi tdhakoiss fj tdi aimm wemm. Aimms sdfumb oft li brewo fvirmeppho`.
Wmeo brewho` fj bhaft rfft (t.s.) Bitehmib brewho` fj e siatfr fj bhaft rfft
Aimms brewo fvirmeppho` (T)
4. Brewho`s cey li bfoi fo spiahcios siathfoib treosvirsimy, virthaemmy fr flmhquimy, ho wdhad
aesi tdi sdepi fj e perthaumer aimm sdfumb li bfoi eaafrbho`my.
Espiahcio hs siathfoib treosvirsimy fr dfrhzfotemmy Espiahcio hs siathfoib virthaemmy
8. Brewho`s fj spiahcio sdfumb li brewo es siio whtd tdi oekib iyis fr es flsirvib uobir e deob mios
fr ixechoib uobir tdi charfsafpi. Of ixtre bitehms sdfumb li brewo fut fj stubiots fwo
hce`hoethfo.
57. Frhiotethfo fj tdi brewho` sdfumb li bfoi eaafrbho` tf tdi pfshthfo fj tdi spiahcio. Rdi
spiahcio cey li vhiwib jrfc tdi eotirhfr, pfstirhfr, bfrsem, viotrem fr metirem pfshthfo. Pdio e
spiahcio hs siio jrfc tdi bfrsem vhiw, tdi mijt eob rh`dt pfshthfo fj tdi stubiot afrrispfobs tf
tdet fj tdi spiahcio. Pdio e spiahcio hs pmeaib fo hts bfrsem shbi eob tdi viotrem vhiw fj tdi
spiahcio hs flsirvib; tdio tdi mijt eob rh`dt pfshthfo fj tdi stubiot hs fppfshti tf tdet fj tdi
spiahcio (sii jfmmfwho` bhe`rec).
(v.s)(t.s)
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1Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
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5Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(e) priperi suarfsi sfmuthfos fj verhfus cfmerhthis jrfc e stfak sfmuthfo
(l) telumeti ixpirhciotem risumts eob brew rimiveot repds
(a) eoemysi eob hotirprit ixpirhciotem risumts jfr fscftha pftiothem bitirchoethfo
Jhvi sfmuthfos fj bhjjiriot afoaiotrethfos wiri priperib jrfc e `hvio 5.7 C (5.7 cfm bc1) suarfsi
sfmuthfo es jfmmfws >
Cfmerhty 7.5 C 7.< C 7.1 C 7.2 C 7.9 C
Zfmuci fj 5.7 C suarfsi sfmuthfo (ac1) < 2 : 4 57
Zfmuci fj bhsthmmib wetir (ac1) 54 5: 52 5< 57
59 strhps fj pftetf thssuis ciesurho` elfut 2: ac ho mio`td eob whtd e arfss-siathfo fj 7.9 ac
7.9 acwiri aut. Rdi evire`i mio`td fj tdi pftetf strhps wiri riafrbib. 1 pftetf strhps iead wiri pmeaib hotf 9
bhjjiriot lfhmho` tulis afotehoho` bhjjiriot cfmerhthis fj suarfsi sfmuthfo. Rdi hohthem mivim fj tdi suarfsi
sfmuthfo wes riafrbib jfr iead tuli. Ejtir 17 choutis, tdi jhoem mivim fj tdi suarfsi sfmuthfo eob tdi jhoem
mio`td fj tdi strhps wiri riafrbib. Rdi pdyshaem afobhthfo fj tdi pftetf strhps wes emsf riafrbib.
Cfmerhty Mio`td fj pftetf strhp (ac) Mivim fj suarfsi sfmuthfo (ac)
(cfm/bc1) Lijfri Ejtir Adeo`i ho mio`td Hohthem Jhoem
7.5 2.7 2.< 2.< 2.5 7.
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(e) isthceti tdi ce`ohjhaethfo fj e brewho` cebi uobir e charfsafpi(l) isthceti tdi eatuem shzi fj sfci charffr`eohscs
(a) bitirchoi tdi shzi fj e pmeot (fohfo saemi) aimm
E. Qmhbis fj verhfus typis fj charffr`eohscs eri ixechoib uobir e charfsafpi et dh`d pfwir. Rdi
hce`i shzi (epperiot flniat shzi) fj tdi spiahcio aeo li isthcetib ly pmeaho` tdi tducl eob tdi
hobix jho`ir fo e rumir put lishbi tdi charfsafpi (sii phaturi limfw). E brewho` hs cebi eob tdi
ce`ohjhaethfo fj tdi brewho` aeo li bitirchoib ly usho` tdi jfrcume>
Rdi eatuem shzi fj iead charffr`eohsc aeo li bitirchoib usho` tdi jfrcume >
Isthcetho` tdi epperiot shzi fj e spiahcio
Foi iyi mffkho` hotf tdiiyiphiai eob eoftdirmffkho` et tdi rumir pmeaiblishbi tdi charfsafpi
Isthcetho` tdi epperiotshzi fj tdi flsirvibspiahcio es siio uobir
eo flniathvi pfwir
Wmeaho` yfur twfjho`irs e`ehost tdirumir tf isthceti
tdi epperiot shzi
Epperiot shzi fj flniatEatuem shzi fj flniat 3
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj iyiphiai Ce`ohjhaethfo fj tdi flniathvi mios usib
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj iyiphiai Ce`ohjhaethfo fj tdiflniathvi mios usib Qhzi fj brewho`
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj tdi brewho` 3 Epperiot shzi fj flniat
@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems
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5Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(e) priperi smhbis fj eohcem (adiik) aimms eob pmeot (miej iphbircem) aimms usho` tdi afrriat stehoho`
tiadohqui
(l) riemhsi tdet aimm hs e lesha uoht fj mhji
E. Flsirvethfo fj eohcem aimms
E tfftdphak hs usib tf `iotmy sarepi fjj e tdho meyir fj aimms jrfc tdi hoshbi fj yfur adiik.
Rdi sarepho` hs cfuotib ho e brfp fj citdymioi lmui sfmuthfo fo e smhbi eob ixechoib uobir mfw
pfwir flniathvi mios jfmmfwib ly dh`d pfwir flniathvi mios.
Rdi aimms tdet mhoi tdi hooir adiik eri squecfus aimms eob tdihr ouamius eri stehoib purpmhsd lmui usho` citdymioi lmui sfmuthfo
L. Flsirvethfo fj pmeot aimmsRdi iphbircem meyir fj tdi fohfo saemi miej hs piimib fjj usho` e pehr fj jfraips eob cfuotib ho e
brfp fj hfbhoi fo e smhbi. Rdi spiahcio hs tdio ixechoib uobir e charfsafpi.
Rdi fohfo saemi miej aimms bf oft afoteho admfrfpmests liaeusi tdi aimms eri stfre`i aimms jfr aerlfdybretis
Rdi bhjjirioais litwiio eohcem eob pmeot aimms eri >
(e) eohcem aimms pfssiss fomy aimm ciclreoi wdiries pmeot aimms pfssiss aimm ciclreoi eob aimm
wemm
(l) tdi ouamius fj tdi eohcem aimm hs aiotremmy pfshthfoib wdiries tdi ouamius fj tdi pmeot aimm hs
pusdib tf tdi pirhpdiry
Ce`ohjhaethfo 3 077 x
Ce`ohjhaethfo 3 877 x
@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems
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5Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(e) hovisth`eti tdi ijjiat fj ticpireturi fo iozyci-aetemysib rieathfos
(l) bitirchoi tdi fpthcem ticpireturi fj iozycetha rieathfos
(a) bitirchoi tdi ticpireturi afijjhahiot, U57
, fj eo iozyci-afotrfmmib rieathfo
E semhve sfmuthfo hs priperib ly sphttho` semhve hotf e amieo liekir eob bhmutho` ht whtd eo iquem ecfuot
fj bhsthmmib wetir. Jhvi liekirs fj wetir letds et tdi jfmmfwho` ticpireturis> 7 A,
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(e) priperi e afoaiotretib admfrfpdymm ixtreat jrfc peobeo mievis(l) sipereti tdi ph`ciots jfuob ho tdi admfrfpdymm ixtreat
(a) aemaumeti tdi \jvemui fj iead siperetib ph`ciot
Rdi ph`ciot ixtreat hs priperib ly lmiobho` sfci peobeo mievis whtd eaitfoi eob jhmtirho` ht
tdrfu`d e cusmho amftd. E adrfcetf`repdy strhp hs aut eob e pioahm lesimhoi hs brewo fo tdi strhp. Rdi
ph`ciot ixtreat hs tdio treosjirrib fotf tdi adrfcetf`repdy strhp usho` e brfppir tf ceki e
afoaiotretib spft ho tdi chbbmi fj tdi lesimhoi. Rdi strhp hs tdio pmeaib ho e lfhmho` tuli afotehoho`
pitrfmiuc-itdir sfmviot. Ejtir 17 choutis, tdi sfmviot eob ph`ciot jrfots eri cerkib eob tdihr
bhsteoais jrfc tdi lesi eri ciesurib.
Adrfcetf`repdy pepir
Ceho ph`ciot afmfur Admfrfpdymm l Admfrfpdymm e Teotdfpdymm Aerftioi
(`riio) (lmui riio) (yimmfw) (yimmfw freo`i)
Bhsteoai cfvib ly ph`ciot (cc) 1< :2 01 89
Bhsteoai cfvib ly sfmviot (cc) 80 80 80 80
Bhsteoai cfvib ly ph`ciot\
j3 7.11 7.:: 7.09 7.84
Bhsteoai cfvib ly sfmviot
Ho pepir adrfcetf`repdy, bhjjiriot ph`ciots eri aerrhib up tdi adrfcetf`repdy strhp et bhjjiriot
spiibs bui tf tdi jfmmfwho` jeatfrs.
(h) Ebsfrpthfo elhmhty fj tdi pepir tf tdi sfmutis tf li siperetib aeusib ly tdi pfrfshty fj tdi pepir
(hh) Qfmulhmhty fj tdi sfmutis ho e perthaumer sfmviot
(hhh) Rdi cfmiaumer cess fj tdi sfmuti; tdi biosist whmm li tdi mest tf cfvi up tdi pepir
Weobeo mievis afoteho jfur bhsthoat ph`ciots whtd tdihr \jvemuis es sdfwo ho tdi telmi elfvi.
sfmviot jrfot
xeotdfpdymm (yimmfw)
admfrfpdymm e (lmui-`riio)
admfrfpdymm l (`riio)
spft fj afoaiotretib
admfrfpdymm ixtreat
lesimhoi
aerftioi (yimmfw-freo`i)
pdeifpdytho (`riy)
@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems
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5Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(e) rimeti tdi struaturi fj tdi miej aimm tf hts juoathfos
(l) bhjjiriotheti tdi eoetfchaem miej struaturi fj A1
eob A2
pmeots ho rimethfo tf tdi Detad-Qmeak
petdwey eob Aemvho ayami
Qmhbis fj treosvirsi siathfos fj tdi A1eob A
2mievis eri ixechoib uobir tdi charfsafpi et mfw pfwir tf
flsirvi tdi pmeo vhiw fj tdi miej siathfos. Dh`d pfwir melimmib brewho` jfr tdi aimms flsirvib eri tdio
cebi.
Dh`d pfwir brewho` fj arfss siathfo fj A1miej
Ho tdi A1
pmeot miej, tdi pemhsebi cisfpdymm aimms ixhst es foi lesha meyir. Hts luobmi sdietd aimms eri
scemm eob tdi hotiraimmumer speais eri lh``ir tdeo ho tdi miej fj e A2
pmeot. Rdi aerlfo bhfxhbi
riaiptfr ho tdi Aemvho ayami hs rhlumfsi lhspdfspdeti.
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 2:77 3
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(e) tdi bh`isthvi systic eob tdi rimetib fr`eos
(l) tdi lmffb vissims, ertirhis eob vihos fj tdi systic
Rdi ret hs phooib tf e bhssiatho` lferb, whtd tdi viotrem shbi jeaho` upwerbs. Hts elbfchoem aevhty hs
aut tf bhspmey tdi vhsaire fr`eos tf tdi mijt shbi fj tdi eohcem. Rdrii melimmib brewho`s eri cebi
sdfwho` tdi emhciotery aeoem, rimetib fr`eos, eob tdihr vihos eob ertirhis.
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 < x
xhpdfhb aerthme`i
mhvir
stfceadhotisthoi
@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems
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5Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)
(e) ixechoi tdi struaturis fj tdi ceho fr`eos hovfmvib ho risphrethfo
(l) hoariesi tdihr uobirsteobho` fj tdi prfaiss fj esifus ixadeo`i ho eohcems
Rdi ret hs phooib tf tdi bhssiatho` lferb whtd tdi viotrem shbi upwerbs. Eo hoahshfo hs cebi tdrfu`d
tdi skho eob hs aut es jer es tdi mfwir new. Rdi viotrem eob metirem tdfreaha wemms eri tdio aut emfo` tdi
bfttib mhois tf ixpfsi tdi tdfreaha aevhty (sii bhe`rec limfw). Rdi cusamis eob thssuis fj tdi oiak
eri emsf aut tf ixpfsi tdi treadie eob meryox. Rdi diert, muo`s, treadie, fisfpde`us, eob meryox eri
ricfvib tf`itdir. Melimmib brewho`s fj tdi struaturis tekio fut eri cebi.
Rdiri eri 0 pehrs fj rhls jfuob ho tdi ret. Pdio tdi rhlae`i hs rehsib upwerbs eob jfrwerbs, tdi vfmuci fj
tdi rhlae`i hoariesis, mfwirho` tdi prissuri hoshbi. Ehr hs jfraib hotf tdi muo`s tdrfu`d tdi ofstrhms,
treadie eob ftdir risphretfry tulis. Rdhs hs hodemethfo. Burho` ixdemethfo, tdi rhlae`i jemms bfwowerbs
eob howerbs bui tf revhty, biariesho` hts vfmuci lut hoariesho` hts prissuri. Ehr hs tdio jfraib fut.
Rdi bhepdre`c hs e ciclreofus struaturi whtd pirhpdirem imestha cusamis rebhetho` jrfc tdi aiotri
jfrcho` e bfci afvirho` tdi lesi pfrthfo fj tdi ehrth`dt rhlae`i. Burho` hosphrethfo, tdi rebhemcusami fj tdi bhepdre`c afotreats, jmettioho` hts bfci-sdepib struaturi. Rdhs aeusis tdi vfmuci fj
tdi rhlae`i tf hoariesi. Burho` ixphrethfo, tdi rebhem cusami rimexis, rituroho` tdi bhepdre`c tf hts
bfci-sdepib struaturi eob tdi vfmuci fj tdi rhlae`i rituros tf hts scemmir aepeahty.
Rdi mijt muo` afoshsts fj e sho`mi mfli wdiries tdi rh`dt muo` des 2 mflis. Pdio ixechoib uobir e
deob mios, e aut muo` thssui mffks sfjt eob spfo`y. Rdiri eri ceoy tdho struaturis whtd ehr speais eob
lmffb aephmmerhis ho ht.
Rdi mio`td fj tdi treadie wdio ciesurib jrfc tdi meryox tf tdi pfhot wdiri ht lreoadis hotf twf
lrfoadh hs elfut
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(e) hbiothjy tdi fr`eos ho tdi tdfreaha aevhty
(l) hbiothjy tdi pfshthfo fj tdi ceho vihos eob ertirhis eob tdihr lreoadis
E ret hs phooib tf tdi bhssiatho` lferb whtd tdi viotrem shbi upwerbs. E chb-viotrem hoahshfo tdrfu`d
tdi skho hs cebi eob aut tfwerbs tdi cfutd eob tdio tfwerbs tdi pfstirhfr. Rdi xhpdfhb aerthme`i hs
pummib bfwowerb eob tdi bhepdre`c hs aut. Rdi viotrem eob metirem tdfreaha wemms eri tdio aut (sii
bhe`rec limfw- aut emfo` tdi mhoi) tf ixpfsi tdi tdfreaha aevhty. Rdi cusamis eob thssuis fj tdi oiak
eri emsf aut tf ixpfsi tdi treadie eob meryox. Melimmib brewho`s fj tdi vihos eob ertirhis ho tdi
tdfreaha ri`hfo fj tdi ret eri cebi.
Bfrsem vhiw fj tdi diert (pdftf)
xhpdfhb aerthme`i
sticuc
rhlae`i
muo`s
mhvir
@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems
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(e) uobirsteob tdi struaturis fj tdi mhvir eob khboiy
(l) uobirsteob tdi juoathfos fj mhvir eob khboiy es dfcifstetha fr eos
Rdi priperib smhbis fj tdi treovirsi siathfos fj tdi mhvir eob khboiy wiri flsirvib uobir charfsafpi
et mfw pfwir tf bitirchoi tdi bhstrhluthfo fj emm tdi thssuis. Rdi bitehmib struaturis wiri tdio siio
uobir dh`d pfwir. Wmeo eob bitehmib brewho`s fj tdi smhbis wiri tdio cebi.
Wmeo brewho` fj smhbi fj mhvir- treosvirsi siathfo
Wmeo brewho` fj smhbi fj khboiy- treosvirsi siathfo
afrtix
cibumme
oipdrfo
pimvhs
rioem ertiry
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 3
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Bitehmib brewho` fj smhbi fj mhvir- treosvirsi siathfo
Bitehmib brewho` fj smhbi fj khboiy-treosvirsi siathfo
Rdi mhvir hs jib whtd tdrii typis fj lmffb vissims oecimy tdi dipetha ertiry, tdi dipetha viho eob tdi
dipetha pfrtem viho. Rdi mhvir pirjfrcs ceoy juoathfos; foi fj wdhad hs tdi prfbuathfo fj lhmi. Rdilhmi prfbuaib afotehos ceoy sulsteoais eob semts, sfbhuc `myafadfmeti eob sfbhuc teurfadfmeti
wdhad aeo icumshjy jets, tdet hs, tdi semts eri elmi tf lriek tdi jets fr fhm hotf scemmir brfpmits eob
sipereti tdic pirceoiotmy tf jeahmhteti bh`isthfo. Rdisi semts eri oft iozycis liaeusi tdiy bf oft
lriek bfwo tdi jets adichaemmy. Ejtir bh`isthfo, shcpmi jffb sulsteoais eri elsfrlib. Ejtir
esshchmethfo eob citelfmhsc, ixaritery prfbuats (ly-prfbuats fj aimm citelfmhsc) ispiahemmy,
eccfohe oiibs tf li ricfvib jrfc tdi lfby es ht hs tfxha eob adeo`is tdi pD fj tdi hotiroem
iovhrfociot fj tdi lfby.
lesemciclreoifj aepsumi
`mfcirumus
bhstemafovfmutibtulumi
ouamius fjpfbfayti
mucio fjLfwceos
aepsumi
prfxhcemafovfmutibtulumi
charfvhmus
Lfwceos
aepsumi
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 977 x
shousfhb
dipetfaytis
Kupjjir aimm
Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 9977 x