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Strategic Move – ROMANIA
Mihaela Chiru Institute of Educational Sciences
Euroguidance Romania
Euroguidance – EURES ConferenceEuropean Mobility
for Educational and Employment Reasons
Athens, Oct. 15, 2004
Economic development (2000 – 2002)
Economic growth in constant rising trend
4% in 2002
Internal gross product
5290 to 6660 Euros
Annual inflation: gradual decreasing trend
40.7 - 17.8%
Contribution to the added gross value
Branch (%) Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002
Services 51.7 48.7 49.4
Industry 30.4 31.2 32.1
Agriculture 12.4 14.7 13.0
Construction 5.5 5.4 5.5
SMEs
400 000 active businesses
1.8 mil employees
40% of the added gross value in economy
2.6% more jobs created than in 2001
50% higher profit than in 2001
Financial assistance for SMEs
Unemployment BudgetCredit Programme by the National Employment
Agency (60% of the annual fund for active measures)
PHARE (16.6 mil Euro)BERD European Bank for Reconstruction and
DevelopmentBDCMN Black Sea Bank for Development and
CooperationBEI European Bank for Investment
Highlights for 2004-2006
• Simplifying the authorization system (according to the European Chart of SMEs)
• Multiplying the programmes for supporting the investments in priority industrial sectors:
food industry
car construction industry• Strengthening the communication with the
professional and employers associations
Labour market
The ration between Inactive Population (under and over employment age)
and Active Population(aged 15 – 64)
moved from 53.4% in 1990 to 45% in 2003
Distribution of population
on economic sectors (2002 and 2003)
Increase of population occupied in industry (29.5% - 30.9%)in services (34.1% – 35.5%)
Decrease of the population occupied in agriculture: 36.4% - 33.6%
Still high percentage in comparison with both the average EU-15
level (4%) and the AC-10 level (13%)
Unemployment
Unemployment rate in 20027.2% according to the number of
registered laid off8.1 according to the ILO standards
Dominantly in the urban areas, former industrial regions
The rather low unemployment rate compared to the new EU countries (14.8%) is due to the high number of people involved with agriculture.
Income level
High level in sectors that went through restructuring, 44% higher in the public sector:
Financial-banking system
Petrol processing
Energetic
Mail service and telecommunication
Mining and oil extraction
Income level
Low paid sectors:Retail salesHotel industry
Reducing the global income tax from 40 to 30%
Exemption from paying the global income tax applied to sectors endangered by the brain-drain phenomenon (software engineers, programmers, system engineers)
Demography
Between 1990-2002 the population of Romania has decreased by over 1.5 mil people
Last census of Feb. 2002 indicates 2 168 100 000 inhabitants
Rural population has grown from 45.7% to 47.3%Diminishing the population aged 0-14 with 807 000
individualsReorganizing the school network, reallocation of
resources and changes operated in the name of quality assurance in education
Work permit
The Ministry of Labour advances annually the number of work permits to be issued
The work permit is issued by the Bureau for the Workforce Migration www.omfm.ro
Contact:1-3 Valter Maracineanu St.
010155 Bucharest, RO
Long-term stay visa in Romania
not requested if……Originate in a state with which visa requirements
are exempted or Romania dropped unilaterally the visa requirement
…Benefit of the right of temporary stay, in respect of reuniting with the family
…Benefit of the right of temporary stay due to studies and asks for employment with individual part-time contracts (max 4h / day)
…Are family members of Romanian citizens based in Romania
Employable without a work permit if…
…Permanently residing in Romania…Citizens of the EU and EEA member states…Free access on the labour market guaranteed by
bilateral agreements / conventions…Refugees…Work in a Romanian branch of a WTO company…Carry out scientific / artistic / teaching temporary
activities, officially proven…Perform temporary work at the request of
ministries, or central administration bodies
Conditions for employment
Job positions cannot be filled with Romanian staff
Meeting all the employer’s prerequisites in areas of professional training and experience
Prolongation of the work permit is an option only if the first two amendments apply
Possession of a work permit
Conditions for employment
• Stagiary workers can be employed for up to 12 months, with the possibility to prolong the contract until the professional qualification is attained
• Seasonal workers can be employed for up to 6 months in a given period of one year, and must stay out of the national borders for at least other 6 months before being allowed for the same purpose. The contract cannot be prolonged by involving a different type of work.
Study in Romania
Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning HE in the European Region (Lisbon, 1997)
Bologna Process – implementation of the common European HE area (1999)
Quality assurance systemsECTS from 1998-1999Transparency of educational programmesNo. of universities = 49 public + 20 private
EU community programmes in Romania
1991-1997 TEMPUS
5 040 Romanian students enrolled in studies abroad
802 foreign nationals to attend courses in Romania
1998-2003 SOCRATES and LEONARDO
9 000 Romanian students to study abroad
1998 - CEEPUS
Central European Exchange for University Students Programme
HE system
Decentralized funding system shifted to per capita funding concept, based on quality indicators
Introduction of tax-places in public education
Social and merit study grants
HE system
The draft Law on the Structure of Academic Studies – starting with the academic year 2005-2006:
• 1st cycle requires 3-4 university study years, leading to Bachelor’s title, wider qualification and the possibility of continuing education
• 2nd cycle includes Master’s studies for highly specialized qualifications
• 3rd cycle includes 3-5 years of Doctoral studies
Duration of long-term studies
8 semesters (4 y) – Science, Humanities, Economics, Social sciences, Law, Political science, Art, Sports
10 semesters (5 y.) – Engineering, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Forestry
12 semesters (6 y.) – Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary medicine, Architecture
Structure of the academic year
• Start at mid Sep. / mid Oct. • 2 semesters of 14 weeks• 4 holidays: at the end of the 1st sem., Christmas,
Easter, summer• 22-28 h / week• Full time courses, evening courses, extra-mural
courses, distance learning
Admission requisites for foreign students
Application formLegalized copy of the Baccalaureate Diploma or equivalent (for
undergraduate studies)Legalized copy of the Graduation Diploma (for graduates and PhD)Academic record translated into Romanian, English, French or GermanLanguage certificate
Language test for persons who can speak RomanianPreparatory year (organized in 10 universities across the
country)Formal prove for having studied in Romanian 4 y. consecutively
Legalized copy of the Birth CertificateLegalized copy of the passport
Medical certificate
Special requisites
Portfolio:
architecture, arts, sports
Good command of the tuition language:
Romanian, English, French, German
Admission procedures
• Application file to be submitted either to the Ministry of Education, either directly to the chosen university, in order to receive the approval statement / Letter of Acceptance in at least 2 months from the issuing of the complete file.
• The applicant endorses the documents to the Romanian Embassy in Greece. When proved valid, study visa is issued.
• The applicant comes to Romania in person, with the original documents.
• Deadline for undergraduate and graduate studies: Sep. 1st
• No deadline for PhD applicants
• Faculties of Medicine have two deadlines for post-graduate studies: Nov. 30th and March 31st
Budget
Undergraduate Programmes
(US $)
Technical
Economics
Humanities
Agronomy
Sports
Medicine
Pharmacy
Music
Arts
Dramatic arts
Theatre and film direction
Tuition (10 months) 3200 3200 3200 3200
Health care (12 months) in tuition in tuition in tuition in tuition
Room and board 1500 - 2000 1500 - 2000 1500 - 2000 1500 - 2000
Books and supplies 1000 1000 1000 1000
Personal and travel 150 - 500 150 - 500 150 - 500 150 - 500
Estimated total 5850 - 6700 5850 - 6700 5850 - 6700 5850 - 6700
Diplomas to be obtained in Romania Study certificate – studies completed, no degree passedLicence diploma – university diploma; degreeMaster diplomaAdvanced studies diplomaStudy diploma – holders of first degree enrolled at the end of
2-3 y. graduate programme, for increased professional specialisation
PhD – highest academic degree in fields of science or arts for study and original research
Doctor Honoris Causa – honorary degree awarded by vote of the Senate to outstanding public figures in recognition of specific merits (science, technology, culture)
Recognition of diplomas
• Governmental agreements and bilateral conventions for the recognition of diplomas, study certificates, scientific titles issued by education bodies accredited in Romania and in each of the following states:
Hungary, Moldova, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russian Federation, Georgia
• Validity: 5 years (starting with 1997), automatically renewed if the parts do not signal the intention to unravel the agreement
National Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas www.edu.ro/cnred.htm
Recognition of diplomas for work reasons
Request addressed to the minister of educationRegistration number from the Ministry of EducationDiploma of study – copy and legalized translationCopy of the passportLetter from the company, mentioning the job
position that the given person is about to occupyCopy of the registration certificate from the companyFees: 6.25 euros / pre-university education; 13.25
euros / higher education
Scholarships in Greece 2004-2005
3 scholarships for complete university studies 3 scholarships for summer courses (language, history,
culture)Prerequisite: Greek, English or French
10-month scholarship for post-degree study or research work
Prerequisites: Greek + agreement of the higher education body where currently enrolled, admitting to studies / specialization / research stages abroad in the given academic year
Scholarships
National Office for Scholarships Abroad
www.edu.ro/onbss.htm
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contact: 12, Spiru Haret St.
010176 Bucharest, RO
Embassy of Romania in the Hellenic Republic
Address: 7, Rue Emmanoil Benaki
Paleo Psychico
Athenes, Greece
Phone: 0030 1 672 88 75*
Fax: 0030 1 672 88 83
Email: [email protected]
