Strategies for High Luminosity at D Ø (the next trigger upgrades)

H. Evans Alberta Seminar: 6-Feb-04 1

Strategies for High Luminosity at DØ(the next trigger upgrades)

Strategies for High Luminosity at DØ(the next trigger upgrades)

Hal Evans Columbia University

1. DØ Physics and Triggering

2. Big Plans and Their Consequences

3. The DØ Trigger Upgrade

4. L1Cal: Algorithms and Challenges

5. Where Does it All Fit In ?


DØ à la carteDØ à la carte

DØ is a General Purpose DetectorDesigned to Study a Huge Range of Physics Topics

QCD Understand the strong force where it is predictive Background for all other physics

B Physics QCD at perturb/non-perturb interface Probe quark mixing Indirect evidence for new physics

W/Z QCD Tests Precision measurement of EW parameters

Top Precision measurement of EW parameters Most massive particle new physics

Higgs The heart of EW symmetry breaking

Searches Directly look for new particles/effects predicted by specific beyond the SM models


some Run II Physics Goalssome Run II Physics Goals

Topic World Ave. DØ (2 fb-1) Future

EW

M(W) 80.426 0.034 GeV

<30 MeV 10-20 MeV LHC

(W) 2.139 0.069 GeV < 40 MeV

Top

M(t) 174.3 5.1 GeV <2 GeV <2 GeV LHC

5.6 1.8 pb 10% ~ 10% LHC

< 13.5 pb 20%(|Vtb| to 12%)

<10%(|Vtb| to 5%)

LHC

t Polarization 3% < 2% LHC

new

SM Higgs >114 GeV < 115 GeV 1 TeV LHC

M(Z’) >500-600 GeV >1.2 TeV >2 TeV LHC

MS (LED) >1-1.4 TeV <2-3.5 TeV >6-8 TeV LHC

B CP (sin 2) 0.736 0.049 0.03 0.02 BTeV,LHCb

Bs +- < 210-6 < 510-8 10-9 LHC

Bs Mixing (ms) >14.4 ps-1 20-25 ~75 BTeV,LHCb

)ttp(p tX)p(p


Swimming in DataSwimming in Data

Process X-Section Rate (@ L=2x1032 cm-2s-1)

Beam X’ing 2.5 MHz(396 ns)

50 mb 10 MHz

50 b 10 kHz

22 nb 4.4 Hz

1 nb 0.2 Hz

7.2 pb 5 / hour

425 fb 7 / day*m(H)=100 GeV

)( bbpp 1y

ttpp

H(*) W/Zpp

pp Inelastic

WXpp

XbbZXpp

Conclusion:too much Physics !

Conclusion:too much Physics !


Event TopologiesEvent Topologies

Background: QCD

bb

jet

jet

jjbbttpp

01

01

11

~qq;~

~;~bt~

b

bjet

jet

0~

0~

TjjbbXttpp ~~

WXpp

jet


Wheat from ChaffWheat from Chaff

Mode X-sect <Etjet>

[GeV]<Et

lept> [GeV]

<MEt> [GeV]

Displ. Vert.

Bgrd’s

50 mb low none ~0 none

50 b ~6 ~1 ~0 few mm QCD

4 nb ~45 ~45 none QCD

1 nb ~45 low ~0 ~5 mm Instrument

2.5 pb ~50 ~45 ~50 ~5 mm W/Z+jets,VV’

1 pb QCD + instr

2 pb

425 fb W/Z+jets,VV’

~45 ~45 ~45 ~5 mm Top

~45 none ~70 ~5 mm QCD + instr

Beyond SM ~any high high high large varies

)1( bbpp y

pp Inelastic

XWXpp

XbbZXpp

jetsttpp (s) tXpp

(t) tXpp

H(*) W/Zpp

bb

bb


Trigger HappyTrigger Happy

L14.2 s

(128 terms)

L2100 s

(128 terms)

L350 ms

(48 nodes)

2.5 MHz

3 kHz

1 kHz

50 Hz

F’work

Data

Level-1: (2.5 MHz 3 kHz) Single Sub-Det’s Towers, Tracks, ET-miss Some correlationss Not deadtimeless

Level-2: (3 kHz 1 kHz) Correlations Calibrated Data Phys Objs: e,,j,,ET-miss

Level-3: (1 kHz 50 Hz) Simple Reco Physics Algo’s


DØ L1 & L2 Triggers: Run IIaDØ L1 & L2 Triggers: Run IIa

CAL

c/f PS

CFT

SMT

MU

FPD

L1Cal

L1PS

L1CTT

L1Mu

L1FPD

L2Cal

L2PS

L2CTT

L2STT

L2Mu

Global L2Framework

Detector

Lumi

Level 1 Level 2

2.5 Mhz 3 khz 1 khz

Level 3


DØ Data So FarDØ Data So Far

emittance at injection chromaticity alignment / helices reliability: Pfail(1hr) ~2%

17 hr stores 1/3 end in comp failure

234 pb-1 recorded

(Run I: 125 pb-1)

Ib

92-96

IIa (now)

IIa

(goal)

E-CM [GeV] 1800 1960 1960

Bunches 6x6 36x36 36x36

Spacing [ns] 3500 396 396

p/bch (x1010) 23 22 27

Anti-p/bch (x1010) 5.5 2.2 13

Peak Lumi. (x1031)

[cm-2s-1] 0.16 4 28

Lumi/week pb-1 3.2 6 55

Tot Lumi fb-1 0.125 0.305 9

Int’s/X’ing 2.5 <1 >6

Current Issues


Accelerator Plan: July 2003Accelerator Plan: July 2003

1.61032

2.81032

10/02 10/03 10/04 10/05 10/06 10/07 10/08 10/09

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pea

k L

um

ino

sity

(x1

031cm

-2se

c-1)

we are here

slip stacking

recycler & e-cool

stacktail upgrade

tev helix

dedicated hep

Int Lumi 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.2 3.8 6.2 8.6 Design

[fb-1] 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.3 4.4 Base

<Interactions> per bunch x’ing

5.5

1.3

7.7


Every Silver Lining has Its CloudEvery Silver Lining has Its Cloud

1. Event Rates L1 bandwidth limit

2. Fake Rates (occup.) interactions per crossing

Jet Turn-On (L1/Tot)

• Trig = 1 TT > 5 GeV

• || < 0.9

Fake Track Rate

• Trig = 1 Trk (Pt > 10 GeV)


Bare-Bones Triggers: Run IIaBare-Bones Triggers: Run IIa

Trigger Run IIa Definition Example Channel L1 Rate [kHz] (no upgrade)

EM 1 EM TT > 10 GeV WevWHevjj

1.3

DiEM 1 EM TT > 7 GeV 2 EM TT > 5 GeV

ZeeZHeejj

0.5

Muon 1 Mu Pt > 11 GeVCFT Track

WvWHvjj

6

Di-Mu 2 Mu Pt > 3 GeVCFT Tracks

Z/ZHjj

0.4

e + Jets 1 EM TT > 7 GeV2 Had TT > 5 GeV

WHevjjttev+jets

0.8

Mu + Jet 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV1 Had TT > 5 GeV

WHvjjttv+jets

<0.1

Jet+MEt 2 TT > 5 GeVMEt > 10 GeV

ZHvvbb 2.1

Mu+EM 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV + Trk1 EM TT > 5 GeV

HWW,ZZ <0.1

Iso Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV H , Wv 17

Di-Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV2 Trk Pt > 5 GeV1 Trk matched w/ EM

H(equiv +35% lumi)

0.6

Total Rate ~30

Luminosity21032

BC396 ns

Luminosity21032

BC396 ns

L1 Limit~3 kHz

L1 Limit~3 kHz


Can You Believe Us?Can You Believe Us? Background Rate Simulation

PYTHIA QCD Monte Carlo + Poisson Distrib. of PYTHIA min-bias events

Agreement is pretty good !

CFT Occupancy vs Layerdata vs sim min-bias

Jet & EM Trigger Ratesdata vs sim qcd bgrd


Growing Pains for the TriggerGrowing Pains for the Trigger

System Problems Solutions

L1Cal 1) Trig on =0.20.2 TTs slow turn-on curve, high rates

Clustering

L1Track 1) Rates sensitive to occupancy 100 increase now21032

Narrower Track Roads Improve Cal-Track Match

L1Muon No Additional Changes Needed! Requires Track Trig

L2 1) L2 functionality moved to L1 Upgrade Beta processors

L2 STT 1) Silicon is changing Adding Layer-0

Produce more boards

L3 1) Some L3 func. moved to L22) Want more rate capability up to 100 Hz

Buy 96 more L3 Nodes More processing power

Note: will concentrate mainly on L1 in this talk


History LessonsHistory Lessons

Original Run IIb Plan Accel: >15 fb-1, BC=132ns Exp’s: Si, Trigger, DAQ Higgs Reach 180 GeV Extensive Reviews

Reality Strikes accelerator plan driven by

physics goals rather than machine realities

Causing Consequences Si upgrades cancelled (foolishly)

driven by Integ. Lumi DØ adding inner Si layer

recovers some of orig. upgrade gain

Trigger upgrades unchanged driven by Inst. Lumi

Run II Higgs Working Group


Trigger Upgrade OverviewTrigger Upgrade Overview

Main Changes at Level-1 L1Cal completely new L1CTT trk-finding DBs Cal-Trk copy from L1Mu

Level-2 STT changed SMT Gen add processing

General Plan fewest possible changes small perturb on DØ physics

commissioning

CAL

c/f PS

CFT

SMT

MU

FPD

L1Cal

L1PS

L1CTT

L1Mu

L1FPD

L2Cal

L2PS

L2CTT

L2STT

L2Mu

Global L2Framework

Detector

Lumi

Level 1 Level 2

2.5 Mhz 3 khz 1 khz

Level 3

CalTrk


L1 Track Trigger AlgorithmL1 Track Trigger Algorithm

Run IIadoublets define roads

Run IIbsinglets define roads

80 – 4.5o Sectors

Pt Range (GeV)

Scheme Tracking Eff (%)

Fake Rate (% of evts)

Pt > 10 (IIa) ABCDEFGH 96.9 1.02 ± 0.10

Pt > 10 abcdefgh 98.03 ± 0.22 0.056 ± 0.009

3 < Pt < 5 abcdEFGH 98.40 ± 0.20 4.5 ± 1.2

1.5 < Pt < 3 abcdEFGH 95.15 ± 0.32 25.4 ± 0.2


Matching Tracks & Cal at Level-1Matching Tracks & Cal at Level-1

Big Benefits from Matching Tracking & Cal. Information geometrical match energy match

Current System Track (80) Cal Quadr (4) (not yet implemented)

New System Track (80) Cal Clust (32) Factor 2-3 rate reduction Preliminary Studies

eff.(H) ~ 30% Rate

~ 125 Hz

Design based on L1Muon limits risk

L1Cal Quadrant(8 cluster posn’s)

L1CTT Track(20 / quadrant)


DØ U-LAr CalorimeterDØ U-LAr Calorimeter

Hermetic || < 4.2

Good E-Res EM: ~14%/E <1% Jet: ~80%/E

Granular Readout =0.10.1 4 EM samples 4-5 Had

Trigger Elements 32 x 40

x(EM & EM+H) 2560 TTs

ICR not used

InterCryostat Detector (ICD) Massless

Gaps(no absorb)

Coarse Hadr.

Fine Hadr.

Electro-Mag.


L1 Cal in Run IIaL1 Cal in Run IIa

L1Cal in Run IIa Using Run Ib System (1990) Unit = Trigger Tower (TT)

= 0.20.2 4032

1280 EM + 1280 Had Compromise b/w Jet & EM

EM Molière Radius ~0.02 Jet Radius ~0.5

Trigger Outputs1. # EM TTs > 4 Thr

H Et veto avail. – not used also avail. by quadrant

2. # EM+H TTs > 4 Thr also avail. by quadrant

3. Global ET Sum

4. Missing ET (Ex & Ey)

Cal Preamp

PrecisionReadout

Trigger Pickoff

Analog TT Sums

BLS Cardon detector

ADC

EEt

EM & EM+H Compare &

Sums

CTFE4 EM + 4 H TT

Sum / Add Trees


L1Cal is KeyL1Cal is Key

L1 Calorimeter Trigger is the primary mechanism for collecting: e/, Jets, Invisible Particles (MET)

Physics Sample Channels Cal Triggers

Electro-Weak EM, MET

Top EM, Jet

(calibrate E-scale)

B Physics Bs Mixing (hadronic) EM, Cal-Track

New Phenomena EM, Jet, MET

Higgs EM, Jet, MET

Z / W

bbZ

jets all jets,tt

WWH

bb H W/Z(*)

/

KK011

01

01

021

G ,bWt

~~

~~~~


Run IIa LimitationsRun IIa Limitations

1. Signal rise > 132 ns cross thrsh before peak

trigger on wrong x’ing affects high-Et events prevents 132 ns running

2. Poor Et-res. (Jet,EM,MEt) slow turn-on curves

5 Gev TT thresh 80% eff. for 40 GeV jets

low thresholds unacceptable rates at L = 21032

132 ns

EM TT Signal

396 ns


Run IIb Solutions (1)Run IIb Solutions (1)

Solution to Signal Rise Time: Digital Filtering digitize Cal trigger signals 8-tap FIR (6-bit coeff’s) + Peak Detector run at BC2 reformats output for transmission to physics algo stage

Benefits allows running at 132 ns (keeps this option open) improvements in energy resolution (under study) note: this stage is necessary as input to algo stage

28 TapFIR

3 PointPeak

Detector2

ET

Look UpTable

ADC

10 bit30.28 MHz

Serializer

10 bit15.14 MHz

11 bit15.14 MHz

11 bit7.57 MHz

8 bit7.57 MHz

BC rate:7.57 MHz

Analoginput

ADF Processing Chain


Run IIb Solutions (2)Run IIb Solutions (2)

Solution for Rates: Sliding Windows Algorithm Et cluster local max. search

on 4032 () TT grid Jet, EM & Tau algo’s Better calc of missing Et Topological Triggers Jet, EM clust output for

matching with L1 Tracks Benefits

2.5–3 Jet Rate reduction at const. eff.

ZHvvbb Rate: 2.10.8 kHz

Similar gains for EM &Tau MEt, Topological Triggers

under study

X RoI ET Cluster

Region

Data Needed for Declustering

Cand. RoI center

O O O O O

O O O O O

O O O O

O O O O O

O O O O O

RoI center used for compares

Jet Algo

X

RoI / EM cluster

EM Isolation

Had Isolation

EM Algo

X

RoI / Tau cluster

EM + Had Isolation

Tau Algo


Algorithm ResultsAlgorithm Results

More Possibilties improved EM turn-on new tau triggers topological triggers improved Met resolution

ZH

bb

x3

Turn-on Curves

from data

TTsAve = 0.4RMS/Ave = 0.5 Sliding Windows

Ave = 0.8RMS/Ave = 0.2

Et(trig) / Et(reco)w/ Run IIa Data!


What We Get !What We Get !Trigger Run IIa Definition Example Channel L1 Rate [kHz]

(no upgrade)L1 Rate [kHz](w/ upgrade)

EM 1 EM TT > 10 GeV WevWHevjj

1.3 0.7

DiEM 1 EM TT > 7 GeV 2 EM TT > 5 GeV

ZeeZHeejj

0.5 0.1

Muon 1 Mu Pt > 11 GeVCFT Track

WvWHvjj

6 1.1

Di-Mu 2 Mu Pt > 3 GeVCFT Tracks

Z/ZHjj

0.4 <0.1

e + Jets 1 EM TT > 7 GeV2 Had TT > 5 GeV

WHevjjttev+jets

0.8 0.2

Mu + Jet 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV1 Had TT > 5 GeV

WHvjjttv+jets

<0.1 <0.1

Jet+MEt 2 TT > 5 GeVMEt > 10 GeV

ZHvvbb 2.1 0.8

Mu+EM 1 Mu Pt > 3 GeV + Trk1 EM TT > 5 GeV

HWW,ZZ <0.1 <0.1

Iso Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV H , Wv 17 1.0

Di-Trk 1 Iso Trk Pt > 10 GeV2 Trk Pt > 5 GeV1 Trk matched w/ EM

H 0.6 <0.1

Total Rate ~30 3.9

Luminosity21032

BC396 ns

Luminosity21032

BC396 ns

L1 Limit~3 kHz

L1 Limit~3 kHz


The Run IIb L1Cal SystemThe Run IIb L1Cal System

Collaborators Columbia/Nevis Fermilab Northeastern Michigan State Saclay U. Illinois, Chicago

Custom Board No Purpose

ADF: ACD/Dig. Filt. 80 digitize, filter, E-to-Et

SCLD: ADF Timing F’out 4 ADF control/timing

TAB: Trig Algo Board 8 algo’s, Cal-Trk out, sums

GAB: Global Algo Board 1 sums, trigs to FWK

VME/SCL Board 1 VME comm & timing f’out to TAB/GAB


Design ConstraintsDesign Constraints

System Design driven by Data Sharing requirments of Sliding Windows Algorithm 1 Local Max search requires data from 66 TTs Minimize Data Duplication 30 ADFs (960 TTs) 1 TAB

Data Transmitted Serially using LVDS 3 identical copies per ADF LVDS transmission at 424 MHz >0.1 Tbit/s in System

Use National Channel Link Chipset (48:8 mux) Compact Cables: AMP with 2mm HM connectors

Serial Arithmetic on TAB pins on FPGAs

Serial Adder


ADF PrototypeADF Prototype

BLS Input(32 TTs)

to TABs(3 cables)

VME

Channel Link Xmit

Analog & ADCs

Logic FPGAs

DC/DC Conv.

VME Interface

~1300 components on both sides of a 14-layer class 6 PCB


TAB PrototypeTAB Prototype

power

Channel Link Receivers (x30)

Sliding WindowsChips (x10)

L2/L3 Output (optical)

VME/SCL

Output to GAB

Output to Cal-Track (x3)

AD

F Inputs (x30)

Global Chip

DC/DC conv


The Short and Winding RoadThe Short and Winding Road

Date Achievement

Jul. 2001 Trigger Task Force determines necessity for Trigger Upgrade

Sep. 2001 Real Work Starts

2001-2002 Reviews, reviews, reviews…

Sep. 2002 “Final” DOE Approval

Jul. 2003 Prototype ADF and TAB

Sep. 2003 Silicon part of upgrade cancelled

Oct. 2003 Successful Prototype Integration Test

Mar. 2005 All Hardware Produced and Bench Tested

Jul. 2005 Install System (~14 weeks during accel. shutdown)

Total Price Tag: $1.4M


Getting Our Hands on DataGetting Our Hands on Data

Need to assure that downtime due to installation is minimized

Access to Real TT Data using “Splitter” Boards no perturbation of Run IIa

L1Cal signals

Test System set up near Detector first look at real performance

noise, digital filter algo, trigger terms…

experience running the boards

interaction w/ trig. framework

Critical to have a Well Understood system before Final Installation


Looking to the FutureLooking to the Future

DØ L1Cal as LHC Testbed Atlas uses sliding windows experience w/ digital filter important differences

BCid, saturation…

DØ Atlas

Beam Xing [ns] 396 40

L1 Accept [kHz] 3 75

TT 0.20.2 0.10.1

No. TT’s 256040322

6400 50642

TT Et [GeV] 0.25–64 1–255

Atlas L1Calo


ConclusionsConclusions

Tevatron Luminosity is Steadily Increasing goal is 4–9 fb-1 by start of LHC physics

DØ Physics Goals are Ambitious wide range of physics topics

new phenom/higgs, top, W/Z, b-physics, qcd

Inst. Lumi Gains Upgrade of Trigger retain sensitivity to high Pt processes main hardware component at Level-1

State of the Art Electronics / Novel Algorithms a test bed for even more sophisticated systems at the LHC


Backup SlidesBackup Slides


Physics Goals ReferencesPhysics Goals References

Run II Tevatron Working Groups http://www-theory.fnal.gov

Publications Higgs hep-ph/0010338 SUGRA hep-ph/0003154 BTMSSM hep-ph/0006162 RPV hep-ph/9906224 GM SUSY hep-ph/0008070 Electroweak Fermilab-PUB-00/297 Top see web (above) B hep-ph/0201071

http://www-theory.fnal.gov/


VME/SCL BoardVME/SCL Board New Comp. of TAB/GAB system

proposed: Feb 03

change control: Mar 03 Interfaces to

VME (custom protocol) not enough space on TAB for

standard VME D0 Trigger Timing (SCL) (previously part of GAB)

Why Split off from GAB simplifies system design &

maintenance allows speedy testing of

prototype TAB

Fully Tested: Jun 12 serial out x9(VME & SCL)

VME interface

SCL interface

local osc’s & f’out (standalone runs)

Fully TestedFully Tested

Documents

Strategies for High Luminosity at D Ø (the next trigger upgrades)