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STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Fundamental Physical Aspects of
the Strength of Crystalline Materials
ICSMA 10
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference
Sendai, Japan, August 21-26, 1994
Edited by
H. Oikawa and K. MaruyamaTohoku University, JAPAN
S. Takeuchi
University of Tokyo, JAPAN
M. Yamaguchi
Kyoto University, JAPAN
The Japan Institute of Metals
Contents
Keynote Lectures 1
Evidence for Suzuki Effect Obtained by Electron MicroscopyH. SAKA and Y. KANEKO
3
Micromechanical Models for Brittle and Ductile Fracture
Hermann RIEDEL
9
Interaction of High Cycle Fatigue with High Temperature CreepP. LUKAS, L. KUNZ and V. SKLENICKA
17
Corrosion—Deformation Interactions during Environment Sensitive DamageThierry MAGNIN
25
Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Intermetallic CompoundsMasaharu YAMAGUCHI, Haruyuki INUI, Yasuharu SHIRAI,
Kyosuke KISHIDA and Kazuhiro ITO
33
Influence of Dislocation Fine Structure on the Strength and Flow Behavior of
Ordered Intermetallic CompoundsM.J. MILLS, D. C. CHRZAN and D. B. MIRACLE
41
High-Temperature Deformation Mechanism in Solution-Hardened AlloysHideo YOSHINAGA and Hiroshi OIKAWA
49
Mechanisms of Dislocation Structure Evolution in Plastically Deformed Crystal¬line Materials
Jan KRATOCHVfL and Marie SAXLOVA
57
Superplastic Flow in Fine-Grained Ceramics
Taketo SAKUMA
63
Atomic Structure of Grain Boundaries and its Relation to Intergranular Fracture
Vaclav VITEK
71
The Fundamental Process of Dislocation Motion and Non-Metallurgical Effects
in Covalent Crystals
Koji MAEDA79
i
Dislocations and Other Defects 87
The Temperature Dependence of Critical Shear Stress and the Shape of Peierls
Potential
Takayoshi SUZUKI, Hirokazu KOIZUMI and Helmut O. K. KIRCHNER
89
Atomistic Understanding of Interaction Between a Kink and Self Interstitial
Atoms in a Model BCC Lattice
Yasuhisa AONO, Tetsuo TSUTSUMI and Eiichi KURAMOTO
93
Dissociation- and Constriction Energies in Extended Dislocations
W. PUSCHL and G. SCHOECK
97
Dislocation-Point Defect Interaction Influence on Kink Motion in Crystals with
Deep Peierls Potential Relief
Yu. L. IUNIN, V. I. NIKITENKO, V. I. ORLOV and B. V. PETUKHOV
101
New Micromechanisms for Strengthening and Plastic Deformation in Solids
Ilia OVID'KO
105
Diffusion Model for Relaxation of Kinks
Boris V. PETUKHOV and Yury I. POLYAKOV
109
Dislocation Core Structures in Single Phase TiAl
Bernard VIGUIER, Kevin J. HEMKER and Jean-Luc MARTIN
113
The Mobility of a Screw Dislocation in a Ll2 Alloy
Georges SAADA and Patrick VEYSSIERE
117
Dislocations in Ll2 Long Range Ordered Intermetallics
Alfred KORNER
121
Slip Systems and Microstructures in Plastically Deformed [113] CoSi2 SingleCrystalsP. N. B. ANONGBA and S. G. STEINEMANN
125
The Yield Stress Anomaly and Dislocation Structure in Ti3Al Single CrystalsYasuhide MINONISHI
129
Ultrasonic Study of Dislocation-Solute-Atom Interactions
Toshio KOSUGI
133
Simulation Calculations of Solid Solution HardeningDietrich RONNPAGEL and Volker MOHLES
137
The Influence of Different Atomic Lattice Defects on the Low TemperaturePlasticity of a-Iron
Dieter BRUNNER and Jorg DIEHL
141
ii
On the Parameter Dependences of Solid Solution Hardening in BCC
Fe-Al-Single CrystalsW. WUNDERLICH
145Plastic Deformation and Irradiation Effects of Fe-Cr Alloy Single CrystalsK. MAKII, Y. AONO and E. KURAMOTO
149Deformation of Solid Solution by the Kink MechanismBoris V. PETUKHOV
153
Plastic Deformation 157
Kink Band Formation in White Tin Single CrystalsKatuhiko HONDA
159Cyclic Deformation Twinning in Pure Titanium and ZirconiumLin XIAO, Huifang GUO and Haicheng GU
163Deformation Mechanisms of the Zinc Single Crystals Compressed along [0001]Direction
Krzysztof PIELA and Andrzej KORBEL
167Mechanism of Organization of Slips and Transformation of Metal Substructure
by Twinning in FCC Single CrystalsA. KORBEL
171
Computer Simulation of a Moving Dislocation Interacting with Cu Atoms inIron
E. KURAMOTO, F. HORI and T. TSUTSUMI
175
Three Dimensional Simulations of PlasticityBenoiot DEVINCRE and Ladislas KUBIN
179
X-Ray Topographic Study of Dislocation Multiplication Process in CopperHidenori ERA, Fumiaki HIGUCHI and Yasuhiro MIURA
183
Relationship between Deviations from Slip Planes and Slip Systems of LayeredDislocation Structures in Deformed Copper Single CrystalsYozo KAWASAKI
187
Internal Stresses Associated with Dislocation Walls
Georges SAADA
191
Experimental Evidence against the Thermofluctuational Nature of Macroyieldand Microyield Stress Temperature DependencesA. B. LEBEDEV
195
m
Two New Methods for Measuring the Effect of Strain Hardening on the Internal
Stress
Joel BONNEVILLE, Philippe SPATIG, Alena ORLOVA
and Jean-Luc MARTIN
199
Controlling Strain Rate in the Solid State Deformation of Strain Rate Sensitive
Materials
Ibrahim ULAS
203
Analysis of Die Drawing of Strain Rate Sensitive Mateirals Through Curved Dies
Ibrahim ULAS
207
Precision Strain Rate Sensitivity Measurements by Indentation Testing in
Aluminum
Bradley J. DIAK, Ramachandra K. UPADHYAYA and Shigeo SAIMOTO
211
Prediction of Flow Curves of Two-Ductile-Phase Steels Using Micromechanics
Yo TOMOTA and Takahisa OHNUKI
215
Strain Partition Coefficient in Ferrite-Martensite Steels
Minoru UMEMOTO, Tsuyoshi USHIDA, Hiroshi KIMURA and
Takahiko OGURA
219
Defects with Rotation Symmetry in Galvanic FCC Metals and their Behavior
under Load
Anatoliy A. VIKARCHUK and Aleksey A. VINOGRADOV
223
On Role of Disclinations in Deformation Processes in Polycrystals and Metallic
Glass-Nanocrystal CompositesMikhail GUTKIN and Ilia OVID'KO
227
Flow Stress Anisotropy in Coarse Grained Aluminium
Dorte Juul JENSEN and Niels HANSEN
231
Variations in the Modelling of Plastic Deformation with Grain Subdivision
Torben LEFFERS
235
Distribution of Strain of Grains during Compressive Deformation of Polycrystal-line Iron
Ichiro SHIMIZU and Takeji ABE
239
The Microstructure of Rolled CopperH. CHRISTOFFERSEN and T. LEFFERS
243
Inhomogeneities in the Plastic Deformation of 99.997% Pure Aluminium
PolycrystalsA. S0RENG, H. J. ROVEN and N. RYUM
247
IV
Effect of the Grain Size on the Rate of Energy Storage during Tensile Deforma¬
tion of Austenitic Steel
Wiera OLIFERUK and Maciej W. GRABSKI
251
On the Correlation between the Local Stored Energy and the Deformation
Texture ComponentsH. E. VATNE, S. HOFMANN, A. BARDAL and E. NES
255
Non-Destructive Measurements of Slip and Residual Stress in Metals by Neutron
ScatteringMasayoshi ONO
259
Restoration Mechanisms in Large-Strain Deformation of High Purity Aluminum
at Ambient TemperatureM. E. KASSNER, J. POLLARD, E. EVANGELISTA and E. CERRI
263
Shear Bands in High Nitrogen Steels
Nicole PAULUS, Peter J. UGGOWITZER and Markus O. SPEIDEL
267
Shear Bands and Texture Evolution in Polycrystalline Iron
A. KORBEL and M. RICHERT
271
Low Temperature Work Softening in Cu and Cu-Al Single Crystals Oriented for
Single Glide
Agnieszka WUSATOWSKA-SARNEK and Andrzej KORBEL
275
Strength and Strain Hardening of Ultra-Low-Carbon Iron Alloys
Tsuyoshi USHIDA, Alberto AGUIRRE, Akifumi HIRAMATSU,
Jose G. CABANAS-MORENO and Minoru UMEMOTO
279
Change in Deformation Behavior Related to y to a Transformation in Extra-Low
Carbon Steel
M. TAKASHIMA, T. OBARA and T. KAN
283
Strengthening by Deformation Induced Point Defects
B. MIKULOWSKI, M. ZEHETBAUER, B. MARCZEWSKA and B. WIELKE
287
Influence of Surface Alloying on Micro-Hardness and Tensile Properties in Cu
and Al PolycrystalsYuzo NAKAMURA and Hidekazu SUEYOSHI
291
Application of the Wave Theory of Plastic Deformation to a Novel Scheme of
Non-Destructive Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Object
S. YOSHIDA, Y. HIDA, V. E. PANIN and L. B. ZUEV
295
On the Mechanisms of Precipitates Affecting Serrated Flow
Erwin PINK, Janusz KROL and Subodh KUMAR
299
v
On the Propagation of Slip in Concentrated Solid Solutions at Ambient and
Elevated TemperaturesAlf ZIEGENBEIN, Holger VOSS, Jochen PLESSING, Andreas HAMPEL and
Hartmut NEUHAUSER
303
Diffusion-like Defect Kinetics: Application to Different Plastic Instabilities
Alexei E. ROMANOV and Elias C. AIFANTIS
307
Plastic Deformation and Phase Transformation of a Metastable Bainitic-
Austenitic Fe-C-Si-AlloyA. LUENENBUERGER, D. LOEHE and E. MACHERAUCH
311
Pseudoelasticity and Calorimetric Measurements in In-Tl Shape Memory Alloy
Single CrystalsSei MIURA, Hiroyuki KATO and Norihiko NAKANISHI
315
Pseudoelastic Deformation in Combined Tension and Torsion
Petr SITTNER, Yasuhiro HARA and Masataka TOKUDA
319
Strength of Materials 323
Strengthening Mechanism of Ausformed Martensite in Mo Bearing Steels
Makoto FUJINO, Kaneaki TSUZAKI and Tadashi MAKI
325
Influence of Chemical Composition on the Strength of Austempered Ductile Iron
A. NAJAFI-ZADEH and M. A. GOLOZAR
329
Strengthening of Aluminium-Lithium-Alloys by Ordered d'-PrecipitatesCornelia SCHLESIER and Eckhard NEMBACH
333
The Influence of Lamellar Interfaces on the Mechanical Properties of (a2+y)Titanium Aluminides
Fritz APPEL, Ulrich CHRISTOPH and Richard WAGNER
337
Yielding and Work Hardening Behaviour of Two-Phase (a2 +y) Titanium
Aluminides
Fritz APPEL, Uwe LORENZ, Ulf SPARKA and Richard WAGNER
341
The Effect of Orientation and Lamellar Structure on the Fatigue Behaviour of
TiAl PST CrystalsY. UMAKOSHI, H. Y. YASUDA and Y. NAKANO
345
X-Ray Stress Measurement of a2+y Two-Phase TiAl AlloysHiroyuki TABATA, Toshihiko SASAKI, Yukio HIROSE and
Kouichi MARUYAMA
349
VI
Mechanical Properties of Ni3(Al, Hf) Single Crystals
Philippe SPATIG, Joel BONNEVILLE and Jean-Luc MARTIN
353
Dislocation Microstructure in Ll2-Type Ni3Si PolycrystalsMitsuhiko YOSHIDA and Takayuki TAKASUGI
357
Anomalous Strength Behavior in IVa-VIII B2 Intermetallic CompoundsTakayuki TAKASUGI, Mitsuhiko YOSHIDA, Shuji HANADA and
Daisuke SHINDO
361
Microstructures and Tensile Properties of a Ni3Al Synthesized under Compres¬sion
Gang LI, Zhong-Guang WANG, Chang-Xu SHI and V. OVCHARENKO
365
Serrated Flow in High Temperature Deformation of L12-(A1, X)3Ti AlloysKei-ichi FUKUNAGA and Yasuhiro MIURA
369
Strengthening Mechanism of Magnetic Intermetallic Compound
Nd2(FeCoNi)I4B by Precipitation of TiB2M. SHIMOTOMAI and Y. FUKUDA
373
Thermal Residual Stresses in Planar Random Fibre MMCs
B. JOHANNESSON, T. LORENTZEN and O. B. PEDERSEN
377
Hardening Behaviour of Metal Matrix Composites Coupled to Numerical
Predictions
N. HANSEN, D. Juul JENSEN, Y. L. LIU and N. J. S0RENSEN
381
Flow Stress of Al-SiC Composites Deformed to a Large Range of Strains
Y. L. LIU, D. Juul JENSEN and N. HANSEN
385
Mesomechanical Approach to Temperature-Dependence of Tensile Strength of
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
Shojiro OCHIAI, Kozo OSAMURA, Masaki HOJO, Kenji MATSUNAGA,
Yoshiharu WAKU and Takemi YAMAMURA
389
Feature of Aging Microstructure in SiCw/AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Composite
Kun WU, Jihong LI, Akihiko KAMIO and Congkai YAO393
Fracture and Toughness 397
Nucleation of an Elliptic Dislocation Loop from a Crack Tip
D. H. KIM and Jin YU399
Interactions of a Crack with Crystal Defects and Their Effect on Crack Extension
Nobutaka NARITA, Katsuyuki MATSUNAGA, Kenji HIGASHIDA and
Hirohiko ADACHI403
vii
Crack Tip Shielding/Antishielding by Dislocations in Ionic CrystalsKenji HIGASHIDA, Nobutaka NARITA, Manabu KAMURA,Sadami MINATO, Katsuyuki MATSUNAGA and Ryuta ONODERA
407
A New Model of the Brittle-to-Ductile Transition Based on a Collective Disloca¬
tion Generation InstabilityM. KHANTHA, D. P. POPE and V. VITEK
411
Physical Mezomechanics of Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Solids
Victor E. PANIN
415
Strength, Toughness and Microstructure in TiAl Type Casting Intermetallic
CompoundMitsuo NIINOMI, Toshiro KOBAYASHI, Masahiko IWAI, Yasushi ITO and
Tomoaki HIROTA
419
Effects of Hydrogen on Microstructure and Fracture of Titanium Aluminide
AlloysAnthony W. THOMPSON, Xavier PIERRON and David B. ALLEN
423
Fracture Characterization of Recrystallized Ni3Al Unidirectionally Solidified bya Floating Zone Method
Fukuji INOKO, Dong Cheng ZHANG, Minoru TAGAMI and
Toshiyuki HIRANO427
Brittle Fracture Mechanisms of CoSi2 Single Crystals at Room TemperatureP. N. B. ANONGBA, S. OBERLI and S. G. STEINEMANN
431
Micro-Indentation Fracture of Zr02(Y203)-25 vol%Al203 Composite Studied byTransmission Electron Microscopy
Byong-Taek LEE, Akio NISHIYAMA and Kenji HIRAGA
435
Phosphorus Influence on the Intergranular Brittleness of Single and Double
Phase Iron Alloys
Georgij A. PAKHARENKO, Yurij MESHKOV and
Boris Y. YENDRZHIEVSKY
439
Determination and Assessment of Welding Residual Stresses and Their Effects on
the Fracture Toughness of 20 MnMoNi55 Steel
Abdel-Salam M. ELEICHE, Mohamed S. EL-FADALY and Winfred DAHL
443
Effect of Laminated Cracks on Toughness of Al-Li System AlloyToshiro KOBAYASHI, Mitsuo NIINOMI, Izuru KANOYA and
Hiroki YAMADA
447
Fracture Micromechanisms in an Al-Si-Mg Casting AlloyC. H. CACERES and J. R. GRIFFITHS
451
VUl
Fracture Strength and Microstructure Relations in Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al AlloyMitsuo NIINOMI, Toshiro KOBAYASHI, Yukitoshi OHYABU and
Osamu TORIYAMA
455
Development of Dislocation Substructure and Fracture Behaviour of HSLA Steel
S. T. MANDZIEJ
459
The Effect of the Morphology of Nonmetallic Inclusions on the Mechanical
Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
Yoshiyuki TOMITA
463
Fatigue 461
A Static-Dynamic Model of Cyclic Saturation
O. B. PEDERSEN
469
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Polycrystalline Copper
M. N. BASSIM and C: D. LIU
473
Temperature Influence on the Dislocation Structure and the Glide Heterogeneityin Cyclically Deformed Nickel MonocrystalsCarl HOLSTE, Jorg BRETSCHNEIDER and Thomas HACHE
477
On the Fatigue Behaviour of a-Iron Polycrystals and its Dependence onTempera¬
ture and Carbon Content
H. MUGHRABI, C. SOMMER and D. LOCHNER
481
Fatigue and Dislocation Structures in Short-Range Ordered Alloys
Klaus WOLF, Hector A. CALDERON and Gemot KOSTORZ
485
Phase Coupling and Low Cycle Fatigue in a Duplex Stainless Steel
M. T. JENSEN, P. BR0NDSTED, B. S. JOHANSEN, T. LORENTZEN and
O. B. PEDERSEN489
The Role of Hydrogen in the Fatigue Response of a Near Alpha Titanium Alloy
W. J. EVANS and M. R. BACHE
493
Impact Fatigue Behaviours and Dislocation Structures in Low Carbon Steel and
Austenitic Stainless Steel
Pingsheng YANG, Yuxu TAN and Huijiu ZHOU497
Defect Sensitive Fatigue in a Cast Aluminium Alloy
W. J. EVANS, H. V. JONES, J. A. SPITTLE and S. G. R. BROWN
501
Influence of Aging on Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior in 8090 Al-Li Alloy
S. H. AI, Z. G. WANG, Y. ZHANG, X. L. HAN and Y. Q. WU
505
ix
An In-Situ Study of the Fracture Mechanisms of 2024 Al-SiCw CompositesYu Hong LIU, Zhong Guang WANG and Zong Yi MA
509
Dependence of Crystallographic Orientation on Fatigue Crack Growth of
Fe-30%Cr Alloy Single CrystalsYoshihisa KANEKO, Satoshi HASHIMOTO, Takuro MIMAKI and Sei MIURA
513
Subsequent Recrystallizations Technique of Fatigue Damage Accumulation
around Notch in 304 Stainless Steel
Yutaka UNO
517
Fatigue Crack Closure for Microstructurally Small Cracks at a Notch Root
W. J. EVANS, A. GOULDING and S. H. SPENCE
521
Growth Behavior of Microstructurally-Short Cracks in the 6061 Aluminum AlloyReinforced with 22 vol% SiC Whisker
Hiroyuki TODA and Toshiro KOBAYASHI
525
Crack Initiation and Growth Characteristics in the Dynamic and Static Fracture
Toughness Tests of SiC Whisker/Al. Alloy CompositeToshiro KOBAYASHI, Hiroyuki TODA and Masashi MURAKAMI
529
Effect of Microstructure on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Alpha-Beta Titanium
AlloysJames C. CHESNUTT, Anthony W. THOMPSON and James C. WILLIAMS
533
Creep 537
The Evaluation of Strengthening Due to Solute Drag as a Function of Tempera¬ture and Strain Rate
Ramachandra K. UPADHYAYA, Bradley J. DIAK and Shigeo SAIMOTO
539
Kirkendall Effect and Deformation in Solid-Solid Diffusion CouplesAbdelaziz NACER, Mohamed BOURKIZA and Said RECHAK
543
Effect of Nitrogen on High Temperature Deformation of Alpha-Iron and its
Solid Solutions
Hiroyuki SATO, Takashi MOTOYOSHI and Hiroshi OIKAWA
547
A New Technique for the Threshold Stress Determination in Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys
Fuyuki YOSHIDA, Hideharu NAKASHIMA and Hideo YOSHINAGA
551
Creep Behavior of Mg-0.5 mol%Mn Alloy around 600 K
Mayumi SUZUKI, Hiroyuki SATO and Hiroshi OIKAWA
555
x
Indentation Creep Deformation by Pencil-Glide in Tin CrystalsMasami FUJIWARA
559Micromechanical Modelling of the Creep Behaviour of Superalloys Part I: SinglePhase Material
Martin HEILMAIER, Katharina WETZEL and Bernd REPPICH
563
Micromechanical Modelling of the Creep Behaviour of Superalloys Part II:
Particle-Strengthened Material
Martin HEILMAIER, Katharina WETZEL, Jorg WUNDER and
Bernd REPPICH
567
The Omega Method—An Effective Method for Life and Damage Prediction in
Creep Tests and Service
Martin PRAGER
571
Examination of the Effects of Materials Variables in Advanced Alloys byStudying Creep Deformation Behavior
Martin PRAGER and Fujimitsu MASUYAMA
575
The Effect of the Change of the Deformation Path at High Temperature in
Polycrystalline Metals
W. BOCHNIAK and A. KORBEL
579
Load and Strain Controlled Deformation of a Single Crystal Superalloy—Modelling and Validation
Li-Mei PAN, R. N. GHOSH and M. MCLEAN
583
High Temperature Creep/Fatigue Deformation of Single Crystal Nickel Base
SuperalloyJozef ZRNIK, Z. G. WANG, M. ZITNANSKY and P. PINKE
587
Microstructure- and Microtexture-Development during High Temperature Low
Cycle FatigueSabine WEIfi, Gabriele BRUCKNER and Giinter GOTTSTEIN
591
A Phenomenological Model of Creep Transient at Power Law Region
Bong Sang LEE, Hermann STAMM and Soo Woo NAM
595
The Effect of a Boundary Node on Intergranular Fracture of an a-CuAl Alloy at
Intermediate TemperaturesSusumu ONAKA, Fumihiko TAJIMA, Satoshi HASHIMOTO and Sei MIURA
599
Effect of Distribution of Grain-Boundary Particles on Intermediate-TemperatureEmbrittlement of Cu-Si02 BicrystalsHiromi MIURA, Taku SAKAI, Masaharu KATO and T. MORI
603
»
Fractal Dimension of Grain-Boundary Fracture in High-Temperature Creep of
Metallic Materials
Manabu TANAKA
607
Relaxation of Crack Tip Stresses by Diffusive Growth of Grain Boundary
Cavities
J. Y. JEON and Jin YU
611
Analysis of Crack Growth Behavior for Silicon Nitride Ceramics at High Temper¬ature
Michinari ASANO, Toshiro KOBAYASHI and Yoshihiro TAKASU
615
Experimental Evidence of Precipitate Coarsening due to Recovery, Recrystalliza-tion, and Grain Growth
W. KESTERNICH and D. MEERTENS
619
Development of Microstructure and Deformation Resistance of the Martensitic
Steel X 22 CrMoV 121 during Long-Term CreepStefan STRAUB, Peter POLCIK and Wolfgang BLUM
623
Phase Stability and Creep Behavior of 10Cr-30Mn Austenitic Steels
Fujio ABE
627
The Correlation of Dynamic Internal Friction with the Evolution of Dislocation
Substructure during CreepQ. P. KONG, X. M. LI, H. ZHOU and X. WANG
631
Microstructure Evolution in a Hydrogen-Alloyed Titanium Alloy During Defor¬
mation at Elevated TemperaturesO. N. SENKOV
635
Transformation-Induced Plasticity of a Hydrogen Alloyed Titanium AlloyO. N. SENKOV and E. G. PONYATOVSKY
639
Creep Strength of Materials 643
Abnormal Creep Deformation Behaviour and Inherent Creep Strength of
Carbon Steel
Kazuhiro KIMURA, Hideaki KUSHIMA and Koichi YAGI
645
Long-Term Stress Relaxation Behaviour of NCF 800H AlloyToshio OHBA, Osamu KANEMARU, Koichi YAGI and Chiaki TANAKA
649
Characterization of Long-Term Creep Strength for 12Cr Steels
Hideaki KUSHIMA, Kazuhiro KIMURA, Koichi YAGI and
Kouichi MARUYAMA
653
Xll
Effect of Structures and Residual Elements on Creep Behavior of Modified9Cr-lMo Steel
Fujimitsu MASUYAMA and Nobuhiko NISHIMURA
657On the Nature of Grain Refinement Influence on Mechanical Behaviuor of
Aluminium AlloysMeer Kh. RABINOVICH and Michael V. MARKUSHEV
661
Factors Affecting the Creep Rate and Creep Lifeof a 2.25Cr-lMo Steel underConstant Load
Takao ENDO and Jianzhong SHI
665Microstructure and Constitutive Equations in Creep of Cold Worked AISI 347Stainless Steel
E. EVANGELISTA, D. D'ANGELO, L. KLOC, A. ROSEN andS. SPIGARELLI
669Effects of Nitrides on the High Temperature Strength and Deformation Behaviorof High Manganese-Chromium Austenitic Steels
Kazuya MIYAHARA, Dong-Su BAE, Tetsuyuki KIMURA, Yukio SHIMOIDE
and Yuzo HOSOI
673
Effect of Cold Work on Creep Properties of Ni-22Cr-18Fe-9Mo AlloyYuji KURATA, Shozo HAMADA and Hajime NAKAJIMA
677
Study of High Temperature Deformation of Ni-Based Superalloy Single Crystalsby a Shear Creep Technique and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Michel DUPEUX, Helene ROUAULT-ROGEZ and Laurent MANIGUET
681
High Temperature High Voltage Electron Microscope In Situ Observation of
Deformation Mechanisms in Single Crystal SuperalloysMatthias KOLBE, Joseph PELISSIER, Michel IGNAT, Barbara SHOLLOCK,Malcolm MCLEAN, Michel DUPEUX, Avraam KALOGERIDIS,
Rosario MALDONADO and Eckhard NEMBACH
685
Dislocation Motion in Ni-Basis Superalloys, a Quantitative Comparison between
Simulation Calculations, TEM Observations and Bulk Measurements
Thomas PRETORIUS and Dietrich RONNPAGEL
689
Microstructural Changes in a Nickel Based Superalloy Single Crystal Submitted
to Bending Creep Tests at High Temperature
Jean-Yves BUFFIERE, Muriel VERON, Michel IGNAT, Michel DUPEUX and
Jean-Michel TERRIEZ
693
Cyclic Creep Behaviour of Nickel Base SuperalloysMaurizio MALDINI and Valentino LUPINC
697
xni
High Temperature Deformation in Ni-Al-Cr fi/y'/y AlloysHiroyuki SENBA and Masaaki IGARASHI
701
The Effect of Raft Formation on the High-Temperature Creep Deformation
Behaviour of the Monocrystalline Nickel-Base Superalloy CMSX-4
H. MUGHRABI, W. SCHNEIDER, V. SASS and C. LANG
705
Double Shear Creep Deformation of Superalloy Single CrystalsC. MAYR, G. EGGELER and A. DLOUHY
709
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms Involved in the Deformation of the Matrix of
a yly' Superalloy In Situ ExperimentsN. CLEMENT, M. BENYOUCEF and A. COUJOU
713
High Temperature In-Situ TEM Observation of Dislocation Processes in Fe3AlHarald ROSNER, Guy MOLfiNAT and Eckhard NEMBACH
717
Deformation Behaviour of Ni3Al Single Crystal at Elevated TemperaturesShiomi KIKUCHI and Akiharu TAKAO
721
Dynamic Recrystallization and Deformation Mechanisms of Cu and Ni3AIduring Hot Deformation
Dirk PONGE, Eike BRUNGER and Gunter GOTTSTEIN
725
Dynamic Recrystallization Regions in the Creep of Ti-53A1 Intermetallics
Yukio ISHIKAWA, Norihiko HAMADA, Kouichi MARUYAMA and
Hiroshi OIKAWA
729
Creep Behavior and Substructures of a2 Ti-27 mol%Al Intermetallics
M. OHTSUKA, T. FUKUDA and H. OIKAWA
733
Plastic Deformation of SrTi03 Single CrystalsHirokazu KOIZUMI, Satoru KATAKURA, Takayoshi SUZUKI,Takahisa YAMAMOTO and Taketo SAKUMA
737
Dislocation Processes during the Plastic Deformation of Cubic Zirconia SingleCrystalsUlrich MESSERSCHMIDT, Bernd BAUFELD, Dietmar BAITHER,Martin BARTSCH, Ken J. MCCLELLAN and Arthur H. HEUER
741
Strengthening of NiAl at High TemperatureL. WANG and R. J. ARSENAULT
745The Structure and High-Temperature Deformation Properties in DispersionHardened MA A1-A1203-A14C3 AlloysNorio MATSUDA and Keisuke MATSUURA
749
XIV
Effects of Fibre Orientation on the Creep Strength of a Continuous Alumina
Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium CompositeKeisuke MATSUURA, Norio MATSUDA and Kazuhiro HONGO
753
A Physical Model of Creep in Short Fibre Reinforced Aluminium AlloysA. DLOUHY and G. EGGELER
757
A Creep Rupture Model of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Compo¬sites
Nobutada OHNO and Takushi MIYAKE
761
Analysis of Deformation Mechanisms in the High Temperature Creep of an
Alumina Matrix Composite Reinforced with SiC Whiskers
Kenong XIA and Terence G. LANGDON
765
Effects of Microstructural Parameters of Reinforcements on High Temperature
Creep Behavior of SiC/2124Al Metal Matrix CompositesSoon H. HONG and Kyung H. CHUNG
769
Microstructural Effects during High Temperature Deformation of A356 Alloy
and A356+15 v%SiCp CompositeH. J. MCQUEEN, E. KONOPLEVA and M. MYSHLYAEV
773
High Temperature Deformation Characteristics of Fine Grained Aluminum-
A1203 AlloysKoichi TSUCHIYA, Kenzaburo MARUKAWA and Julia R. WEERTMAN
777
High Temperature Deformation 781
Relationship of Energy Dissipation Efficiency to Flow Curve Shape and Micros¬
tructure
H. J. MCQUEEN783
Theory of High-Temperature Yielding in Solid-Solution Alloys
Akira NOHARA
787
Stress Oscillation in High Temperature Compressive Tests of Aluminum Single
Crystals of 99.999% Purity
Kosuke TANAKA, Masahisa OTSUKA and Hiroshi YAMAGATA
791
Yield Point Phenomenon and Dynamic Recrystallization of Cu-Be Alloy During
Hot Deformation
Taku SAKAI, Hiromi MIURA and Naokuni MURAMATSU
795
XV
Hot Working Behaviour of 7012 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys after Different
Thermal Treatments
Emanuela CERRI, Enrico EVANGELISTA, Archimede FORCELLESE and
Hugh MCQUEEN799
Comparison of Substructures in Al Al-llZn and Al-5Mg, Deformed at High
Temperatures to the Same Flow Stresses
Q. ZHU, V. DEMUTH, W. BLUM and H. MCQUEEN803
Strength and Ductility of Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Alloys under Hot
Working Conditions
Emanuela CERRI, Enrico EVANGELISTA, Archimede FORCELLESE,
Paolo FIORINI and Jerzy STOBRAWA
807
Work Hardening and Softening Processes during High Temperature Deforma¬
tion of Copper-Nickel AlloysS. WIERZBINSKI and A. KORBEL
811
On Creep and Superplasticity in Fine-Grained Structures Produced by Crystalliza¬tion of Amorphous AlloysFrank NUXOLL, Jens GOSSING, Holger BRANDT and
Hartmut NEUHAUSER
815
Fine-Grained Structure Evolution and Superplasticity in Warm-Worked 7075
Aluminum Alloy
Xuyue YANG, Hiromi MIURA and Taku SAKAI
819
Observations of Cooperative Grain Boundary Sliding in SuperplasticallyDeformed y-TiAlW. B. LEE, M. G. ZELIN and A. K. MUKHERJEE
823
Deformation Behavior of Titanium Alloys Samples with Superplastic Layer(s)Q. LI, M. G. ZELIN, H. S. YANG and A. K. MUKHERJEE
827
Hot Deformation Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Al-9Fe and Al-14Fe AlloysYeon Chul YOO, Jeong Sic JEON and Joon Hang LEE
831
Concurrent Grain Growth during High-Temperature Deformation in Alumina
Ceramics
P. THAVORNITI and T. SAKUMA
835
Tensile Ductility in Al2O3-10 wt%Zr02(2.5 mol%Y203)Kazuki OKADA and Taketo SAKUMA
839
Cavity Growth in a Fine-Grained Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia duringSuperplastic Deformation
Keijiro HIRAGA and Eijyu TAKAKURA
843
XVI
Strength of Small-Scale Materials 847
Analysis of the Mechanical Stability of Film on Substrate Systems by "In-Situ
Experiments"M. IGNAT and P. SCAFIDI
849The Scratch Test of Ceramic Films on WC-Co Alloy SubstrateJun-ichi ECHIGOYA
853Dislocation Damping and Microplasticity of Aluminum Thin Films on a
Substrate
Yoichi NISHINO and Shigeru ASANO
857Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ni Super-Laminates Fabricated by RollingShiomi KIKUCHI, Hideyuki KUWAHARA and Syunji URAI
861
An Interpretation of the Indentation Size/Load Effect on Diamond PyramidHardness
Kazuhiro YASUDA, Kazutoshi SHINOHARA, Chiken KINOSHITA and
Masahiko ARAI
865
High-Strength Quasicrystalline AlloysAkihisa INOUE, Hisamichi KIMURA, Mitsuru WATANABE and
Tsuyoshi MASUMOTO
869
A Grain Boundary Model of Hall-Petch Relationship in NanocrystallineMaterials
Shouxin LI, Lizhi SUN and Zhongguang WANG
873
The Role of Internal Stresses in the Deformation Behaviour of NanocrystalsAirat A. NAZAROV, Alexey E. ROMANOV, Rouslan Z. VALIEV and
Bernard BAUDELET
877
Grain Boundary Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materi¬
als
Ruslan Z. VALIEV
881
Interface-Related Phenomena 885
Energetical Approach to Modelling Grain Boundary Misorientation SpectrumDetermined by Real ODF
A. P. ZHILYAEV, A. I. PSHENICHNYUK and R. Z. VALIEV
887
Damage Nucleation of Alpha-Zirconium PolycrystalsSabine CARE and Thierry BRETHEAU
891
XVll
Phase Reactions and Interface Strength of SiC/Nb CouplesM. NAKA and J. C. FENG
895
Interface Structure and Strength of Si3N4 Joint Brazed with Cu-Ti AlloysT. TAMAI and M. NAKA
899
Measurement of Nanometer Grain Boundary Sliding in Copper by Electron
Microscopy
Ryoichi MONZEN and Tsutomu MORI
903
The Effect of Grain Boundaries on Fatigue Behavior in High Purity TitaniumXiaoli TAN and Haicheng GU
907
Mechanical Relaxation across Grain Boundary and the Interaction of Dislocation
Substructures with Grain BoundaryT. S. KE (Ge Tingsui), P. P. CHEN and L. X. YUAN
911
Deformation and Damage of "/? treated" Zirconium during Tensile Test at
Room TemperatureJerome CREPIN and Thierry BRETHEAU
915
Observation and Interpretation of Grain Boundary Strengthening at Elevated
Temperatures in <10l0> Tilt Zinc BicrystalsAskar D. SHEIKH-ALI and Ruslan Z. VALIEV
919
Environmental Effects 923
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pure Copper Single Crystals with Slow Strain Rate
TechniqueHitoshi UCHIDA, Shozo INOUE and Keiji KOTERAZAWA
925
Crack Propagation Process due to Hydrogen-Embrittlement in Iron SingleCrystal
Noriyuki TAKANO, Yusuke MORISAWA and Fukunaga TERASAKI929
Effect of Ordering on Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ni-base
SuperalloysKaori MIYATA and Masaaki IGARASHI
933High Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Co3Ti IntermetallicCompoundsAkihiko KIMURA, Hiroyuki IZUMI and Toshihei MISAWA
937Influence of Hydrogen on Defects of Iron and Aluminium Investigated by TEMand Positron Annihilation
Bisong CAO, Debao WANG, Naifei GAO, Hengde LI, Yoichi ISHIDA andHideki ICHINOSE
941
xviii
Effect of Hydrogen on Shape Memory Behavior and Tensile Properties of TiNi
AlloysK. MIYAHARA, K. YAMASHITA, S. FUJIGAKI and Y. HOSOI
945
Effects of Stress Waveforms on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Steels in NaCl
Solutions
Sung Keun LEE and Dong Nyung LEE
949
Environmental Effects on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Alpha-Beta Titanium
Alloys
Anthony W. THOMPSON and James C. CHESNUTT
953
Hydrogen Embrittlement in Al-Mg AlloyNaohiro IGATA and Yuichi YANAGAWA
957
Late Arrivals 961
Regularities of Phase Transformations under Plastic Deformation
E. V. KOZLOV, L. A. TEPLYAKOVA, N. A. KONEVA, N. A. POPOVA and
L. N. IGNATENKO
963
The Effect of Grain Size and SiC Particulates on the Strength and Ductility of
MoSi2Amit K. GHOSH and Ajoy BASU
967
Author Index 971
XK