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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
STRESS AND COUNSELING
By Tatik Suryani
AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Describe works stress
2. Summarize the model of stress
3. Explain frustration
4. Explain approaches of stress management
5. Explain and apply counseling in management
L E
A R
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B J
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T I
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© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Work Stress Work Stress
stressorSTRESS
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Symptoms of unmanaged StressSymptoms of unmanaged Stress
1. Physiological
2. Psychological emotional instability, burn out, chronic worry, depression, burnout
3. Behavioral excessive smoking, abuse of alcohol and drugs absenteeism, aggression, safety problem, performance problem
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Too Much Work, Too Little TimeToo Much Work, Too Little Time
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
A MODEL OF CAUSES, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS
A MODEL OF CAUSES, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS
ORGN. STRESSORS
NONWORK STRESSORS
EMPLOYESS
IndividualDifferences
Positivestress
Negativestress
Constructive org.And personal consq - Short term - Long term
Destructive org.And personal consq - Short term - Long term
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress
Environmental Factors– Economic uncertainties of the business cycle– Political uncertainties of political systems– Technological uncertainties of technical
innovations– Terrorism in threats to physical safety and
security
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Potential Sources of Stress Potential Sources of Stress
Organizational Factors– Task demands related to the job– Role demands of functioning in an organization– Interpersonal demands created by other
employees– Organizational structure (rules and regulations)– Organizational leadership (managerial style)– Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or
decline)
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d) Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)
Individual Factors– Family and personal relationships– Economic problems from exceeding earning
capacity– Personality problems arising for basic disposition
Individual Differences– Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the
individual’s future.– Greater job experience moderates stress effects.– Social support buffers job stress.– Internal locus of control lowers perceived job
stress.– Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to
job stress.© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
A Model of StressA Model of Stress
E X H I B I T 19-10
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
E X H I B I T 19-11
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
FRUSTATIONFRUSTATION
GOAL
frustration defense mechanism• aggression• apathetic• withdrawal etc.
STRESS VULNERABILITY (INTERNAL)
Stress thresholdPerceived controlType of personality A or B----- > A lebih rentan
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
APPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENTAPPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENT
1. Mencegah
2. Melarikan diri
3. Coping
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
APPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENTAPPROACHES TO STRESS MANAGEMENT
1. Resist working long hours or accepting overtime.2. Volunteer for flextime or other alternatives works schedules.3. Identify the people who cause stress and avoid them.4. Maintain a healthy diet and eat regularly.5. Obtain regular exercise and get enough sleep.6. Avoid procrastination.7. Set reasonable goals for your self.8. Develop a simple methods.9. Step back from stress and decide weather you need to fight every battle.10. Consult.11. Develop a balancing.12. Create opportunity to love.
PERSONAL STRATEGIES --- coping
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Managing StressManaging Stress
Individual Approaches– Implementing time management– Increasing physical exercise– Relaxation training– Expanding social support network
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Managing StressManaging Stress
Organizational Approaches– Improved personnel selection and job placement– Training– Use of realistic goal setting– Redesigning of jobs– Increased employee involvement– Improved organizational communication– Offering employee sabbaticals– Establishment of corporate wellness programs
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
EMPLOYEE COUNSELINGEMPLOYEE COUNSELING
COUNSELING IS DISCUSSION WITH AN EMPLOYEE OF A PROBLEM THAT USUALLY HAS EMOTIONAL CONTENT IN ORDER TO HELP THE EMPLOYEE COPE WITH IT BETTER.
FUNCTIONS OF COUNSELING1.ADVICE2.REASSURANCE3.COMMUNICATION.4.RELEASE OF EMOTIONAL TENSION.5.CLARIFIED THINKING.6.REORIENTATION.
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling
Types of counselingTypes of counseling
Nodirection
Fulldirection
Non Directive counseling
Participative counseling
Directive counseling
© 2007 Tatik Suryani/MM UNAIR/ Stress and Counseling