Stress (Human Adjustment) Psychology

7/27/2019 Stress (Human Adjustment) Psychology

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StressReported by Group 1


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StressStress is a state of psychological and physical

tension produced when an individual perceives

that they are unable to cope with the demandsimposed on them by a stressor.


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Physical and Biological

Factors in stress


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Autonomic Nervous system

Takes messages to and from the bodys internal

organs, monitoring such processes as

breathing, heart rate and digestion.

Sympathetic

Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Nervous System


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Endocrine system

Releases their products directly into the bloodstream.

Manufactures hormones, chemical messengers that travel

in the bloodstream, to all parts of the body.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

GLANDS

HORMONES


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SAM (Sympathetic AdrenalMedullary System)

HPA (Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis)

Fight or FlightIncrease in energyIncreased alertnessIncreased blood flow to

the musclesIncreased heart andrespiration rate

Reduced activity indigestive system

Increased release ofclotting factors in the

bloodAdrenaline and

Noradrenalin increasethe output of the heart,which can causeincrease in BloodPressure.

Cortisol is important for

coping with long term stress,

it maintains a steady supply

of fuel. Glucocorticoids conserve

glucose for neural tissues,

elevate or stabilise blood

glucose levels, mobilise

protein reserves, conserve

salts and water.

Cortisol helps reverse

bodies initial stress

responses and helps body to

revert to a stable state.

SAM versus HPA


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General Adaptation Syndrome

Hans Selyes concept to describe the common effects on

the body when demands are placed on it.

Stressor

G. A. S.3 Stages:

1. Alarm

2. Resistance3. Exhaustion

Healthy Adaptation or

Illness


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AlarmFight or Flight reaction: body mobilizes resources tocombat threat; activates the sympathetic nervous

system.

ResistanceEnhanced ability to fight stressor via moderatephysiological arousal; ability to withstand additional

stressors (e.g., infection) is reduced.

ExhaustionDepletion of resources brings on diseases and

disorders (e.g., chronically high heart rate and blood

pressure increase chances of heart attack and stroke).


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Levels of Stress

EUSTRESSThe positive stress which occurs when yourlevel of stress is high enough to motivate you

to move into action to get thingsaccomplished.DISTRESSThe negative stress which occurs when your

level of stress is either too high or too low andyour body and/or mind begin to respondnegatively to the stressors.


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SOURCES OF STRESS

Stress can come from Inside - Overload

Conflict

Frustration

Body Image

Socio-economic status

Stress can come from Outside i.e.surroundings, environment Family

School

Friends /Peers

Society

Others


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1. Death of a spouse2. Divorce

3. Marital separation

4. Imprisonment

5. Death of a close relative

6. Personal injury or illness7. Marriage

8. Fired from a job

9. Marital reconciliation

10. Retirement

11. Illness of a relative12. Pregnancy

13. Sexual problems

14. Birth or adoption

15. Business readjustment

16. Change in financial status17. Death of a close friend

18. Change to different work

19. Increased arguments with

spouse

20. Mortgage or loan for majorpurchase

21. Foreclosure on mortgage or

loan

22. Change in job responsibilities

23. Child leaving home24. Problems with in-laws

25. Outstanding personal

achievement

26. Spouse begins or stops work

SOURCES OF STRESS


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27. Begin or end school

28. Change in living conditions

29. Changing personal habits

30. Problems with your boss

31. Change in work32. Hours/conditions

33. Change in residence or school

Recreation

34. Church or social activities

35. Mortgage or loan36. Change in sleeping habits

37. Change in family gatherings

38. Change in eating habits

39. Vacation

40. Any festivals

41. Minor law violation


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Signs of Stress

PHYSICAL

Poor appetite or overeating

Feeing tired and fatigued

Various aches and pains ---headache bodyache muscle pain

Nausea & abdominal Pain

Sleep problems

Falling sick very often e.g. fever cough colddiarrhea ( because of lowering of immunitydue to stress)


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Signs of Stress

MENTALFeeling low

Nervousness and Anxiety

Excessive Anger or Depression

Being easily upset

Poor self confidence

Low self esteem

Lack of Concentration

Poor performance in studies


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Signs of Stress

BehavioralToo much sleep (hypersomnia) or too little

sleep (insomnia)

NightmaresNervous habits like nail-biting or foot-

tapping

Decreased sex drive

Teeth grindingIrritability or impatience

Crying over minor incidents

Dreading going to work or other activities


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Consequences of Stress

Behavioral Consequences The behavioral consequences of stress,

such as alcohol abuse, may harm the

person under stress or others.

Psychological Consequences Psychological consequences relate to a

persons mental health and well-being.

Medical Consequences

Medical consequences affect a personsphysical well-being.

Heart disease and stroke, among other

illnesses, have been linked to stress.


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Performance

One clear organizational consequence of too

much stress is a decline in performance. Withdrawal

The most significant forms of withdrawalbehavior are absenteeism and quitting.

Attitudes

Stress can have a negative effect on jobsatisfaction, morale, organizationalcommitment, and motivation to perform at highlevels.

Burnout

Is the general feeling of exhaustion that

develops when an individual simultaneously

experiences too much pressure and has too few

sources of satisfaction.


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STRESS MANAGEMENT TIPS

Making little changes in your life can reallyadd up to a big feeling of relief.

Learn to recognize when you are feelingstressed and simple ways you can relax.

Take a break. Have a cold drink, get somefresh air, or close your eyes for a minute torefocus.

Stay positive to help friends and family copewith stress.

Let others know you're feeling overwhelmed

and tell them how they can help. Allow yourselfto simply say "no" to friendsand family when you know you cannot meettheir demands without becomingoverwhelmed.


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Be prepared for unexpected problems

such as traffic, a lost pet or a familyemergency.

Prioritize. Take control of your "to do" listby deciding what's really most important onyour list.

Write down feelings of sadness,frustration or anger to get a clearerperspective of your emotions.

Enjoy life's simple pleasures like colorful

flowers, dancing, music, and social outings,etc.

Share your talents to better the lives ofothers as well as your sense of well-being.


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STRESS MANAGEMENT PLAN

1. Exercise regularly.

2. Have healthy eating habits never skip breakfast

3. Reduce sedentary activities like TV Video gamesetc.

4. Eat healthy nutritious food. Avoid Junk food .

5. Avoid excess caffeine intake eg tea coffee

chocolates and cola drinks6. Do NOT TAKE QUICK FIX REMEDIES like alcoholtobacco and drugs

7. Practice time management

8. Learn relaxation exercises.

9. Rehearse and practice situations.

10. Learn practical coping skills.

11. Decrease negative self talk.

12. Learn to feel good with a workable resultDont bea perfectionist.

13. Build a network of friends.

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Stress (Human Adjustment) Psychology