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Stress & Sleep
SHMD 34910/4/2012
2
Life
styl
e Fa
ctor
s Aff
ectin
g H
ealth
DIET
PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY
WEIGHT*
SLEEPSTRESS
*
ALCOHOL
SMOKING
DRUGS
AGE
*
GENDER
*
FAMILY
HISTORY
MODIFIABLE FACTORS
NON-MODIFIABLE
FACTORS
3
Stress:
Any factor that changes the natural state of the body. Stress will occur when the
person does not feel they have the resources to deal with the situation.
Eustress (good/positive stress):
Distress (bad/negative stress):
* Gives us energy & direction
* Helps us to be fulfilled & happy
* Causes discomfort
* Can lead to illness
* Can cause depression
Too much stress in our lives over a long period of time can seriously damage our health, causing
coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, ulcers, substance addiction, mental health problems &
suicide tendencies
4
Causes of Stress (stressors) are varied & can be divided into 4 different categories:
Internal: Things we think about –past
memories & experiences,
past/current injuries, own feelings
of self-worth etc.
External:Things in our surroundings &
environment – competition,
opponents, the crowd, weather,
spiders/snakes, transport problems
etc.
Personal factors: People we share our lives with –
friends, family, partners; life
factors such as money & health
etc.
Occupational factors: The job we do, people we work with,
working conditions, relationship with
team-mates & coaches/managers
5
Stress • When we perceive ourselves to be in a situation that is dangerous, our stress
response is activated: Fight or flight?
• Adrenaline & cortisol are the main hormones released when we are stressed, they:
• Increase heart rate
• Increase breathing rate
• Decrease rate of digestion
• Not healthy for body to be in constant state of stress, excess cortisol & adrenaline
results in excess cholesterol production that raises blood cholesterol levels &
increases risk of CHD.
6
StressImmune System
Stress decreases the body’s ability to fight infection.
More susceptible to illnesses.
Depression
Negative thinking associated with stress leads to depression, anxiety
& mental health problems.
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Symptoms of Stress
Cognitive Response Somatic Response Behavioral Response
Reduced concentration Racing heart rates Interrupting conversations
Sleep disturbances Faster breathing Increased smoking, drinking & eating
Less interest Headaches Fidgeting
Making mistakes Butterflies in the stomach Fatigue
Unable to relax Chest tightness & pains Moodiness & grudge bearing
Quick loss of temper Dry cotton mouth Accidents & clumsiness
Loss of sense of humour Constant colds & illness Poor personal presentation
Loss of self-esteem Increased sweating Nervous habits
Loss of enthusiasm Skin irritations
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Stress & Exercise• Exercising frequently is one of the best physical stress-reduction techniques available.
• Exercise relaxes tense muscles & helps you sleep.
• Improves blood flow to the brain, bringing additional sugars and oxygen that may be
needed when you are thinking intensely.
• Exercise speeds the flow of blood through your brain, removing the waste products
faster.
• Exercise causes the release of endorphins into your blood stream, which gives you a
feeling of happiness and positively affects your overall sense of well-being.
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Sleep• Sleep is an important resource that keeps you healthy, mentally sharp, and
able to cope with stress more effectively.
• Stressed & busy people tend to get less sleep than they need.
• Adequate sleep is crucial to proper brain function (Equal to air, water, & food).
• Any amount of sleep deprivation will diminish mental performance.
• Chronic sleep loss may not only accelerate the onset but could also increase
the severity of age-related ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity,
and memory loss.
10
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The following are all common factors that contribute to lack of sleep:
• Over thinking: today’s demanding workloads = many people take their work
home with them, either physically or metaphorically.
• Caffeine: People under stress tend to consume significant amounts of caffeine to
get a boost that gets them going in the morning or helps them make it through
the day. Caffeine can actually aggravate stress levels & significantly affect the
amount & quality of sleep you get.
• Cortisol: This stress hormone is one of the key players responsible for the fight or
flight response (jolt of energy you get when you feel stressed or threatened that
enables you to respond).
• Chronic stress = excessive levels of cortisol = disruptive healthy sleep patterns.
12
The following are all common factors that contribute to lack of sleep:
• Overscheduling: A busy life can rob you of time you can actually dedicate to
sleep, thus going to bed later to get things done, or getting up earlier. You
may feel tired a lot of the time but not realize the toll lack of sleep is taking.
• Anxiety: i.e. overthinking, can make sleep difficult & wake you up at night.
Anxiety keeps your mind busy as you imagine threatening scenarios &
worry about what may happen next. You may become preoccupied with
finding solutions. That racing of your mind can rob you of sleep by keeping
your cortisol levels high, making sleep harder to achieve.
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Revision Questions
1. Define stress & explain the dangers of continuously high stress levels. 5
2. Define & differentiate between the two types of stress. 8
3. Name & briefly explain the 4 causes of stress.
12
4. Which 2 hormones are released when we are stressed, and what is their
effect on the body? 5
5. How does stress affect the immune system and mental health? 4
6. List 8 symptoms of stress. 8
7. How does exercise counteract the effects of stress? 6
8. List & briefly explain the common factors contributing to lack of sleep.
10