Structural Modelling Requirements - · PDF fileStructural Modelling Requirements 1/29 ... With this document a BIM Manager, BIM Coordinator or BOQ Manager can set priorities and choices

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Structural Modelling Requirements Modelling meets Quantification

Dieter Vermeulen

Structural Modelling Requirements 1/29

STRUCTURAL MODELLING REQUIREMENTS Ver 1.0

Author: Dieter VERMEULEN 30th Oct 2014 This document acts as a guidance for structural modelling using Revit as design tool. It presents a list of the most common structural connections in a Revit model, and their possible consequences. Each of the solutions will result in different values for typical parameters that will be used in the construction supply chain (BOQs, ERP systems, database management….). With this guide you get a description of the main resulting effects for each situation. With this document a BIM Manager, BIM Coordinator or BOQ Manager can set priorities and choices for the modelling principles to use in a structural Revit model and can be used as addendum on a project BIM Protocol. For questions, remarks, opinions ... contact me on one of the links below:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 2

GENERAL INFORMATION .............................................................................................................................. 4

Structural Framing .................................................................................................................................... 4

Structural Columns ................................................................................................................................... 4

Structural Foundations ............................................................................................................................. 5

Floors ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

Walls ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

BEAM – COLUMN CONNECTION .................................................................................................................. 7

OPTION A – Beams between Columns ..................................................................................................... 7

OPTION B – Columns attached under Beams........................................................................................... 8

BEAM – FLOOR CONNECTION (1 layer) ........................................................................................................ 9

OPTION A - Floor cuts Beams ................................................................................................................... 9

OPTION B.1 – Beams cut Floor ............................................................................................................... 10

OPTION B.2 – Floor between Beams ...................................................................................................... 11

BEAM – FLOOR CONNECTION (multiple layers) ......................................................................................... 12

OPTION A – Floor cuts Beams ................................................................................................................ 12

OPTION B.1 – Beams cut Floor ............................................................................................................... 13

OPTION B.2 – Floor between Beams ...................................................................................................... 14

OPTION C.1 – Beams cut Floor partially ................................................................................................. 15

OPTION C.2 – Floor bottom layer between Beams, Floor top layer above Beams ................................ 16

OPTION D – Beam supports Floor bottom layer, Floor top layer above Beams .................................... 17

COLUMN – FLOOR CONNECTION ............................................................................................................... 18

OPTION A – Floor cuts Column ............................................................................................................... 18

OPTION B – Columns cut Floor ............................................................................................................... 19

WALL – FLOOR CONNECTION ..................................................................................................................... 20

OPTION A – Floor cuts walls ................................................................................................................... 20

OPTION B – Wall cuts Floor .................................................................................................................... 21

OPTION C – Floor cuts Wall partially ...................................................................................................... 22

WALL – BEAM CONNECTION ...................................................................................................................... 23

OPTION A – Wall cuts Beam ................................................................................................................... 23

OPTION B – Beam cuts Wall ................................................................................................................... 24

WALL – COLUMN CONNECTION ................................................................................................................. 25


OPTION A – Wall cuts Column ................................................................................................................ 25

OPTION B – Column cuts Wall ................................................................................................................ 26

STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 27

OPTION A – Foundation designed as a multi-solid family ...................................................................... 27

OPTION B – Foundation designed as one family with components as nested families ......................... 28

OPTION C – Foundation designed with separate families presenting each component ....................... 29


GENERAL INFORMATION To obtain a correct list of quantities (BoQ) of your Revit model, it is important to use the correct parameters. For some measurable quantities you have the choice between two parameters (e.g. Volume vs Material Volume). Below I present a table of the possible measurable units and the best fitting built-in parameters for several structural categories. This list of course needs to be extended with your own custom parameters that will define the family geometry.

Structural Framing

Measurable Quantity

Parameter Remarks

Length

Cut Length Represents the visible physical length of the beam. Takes into account the geometrical modifications on a beam like coping, extension, cut back, …

Length Represents the length of the location line of the beam, regardless the physical length of the beam. It’s possible that Length > Cut Length due to geometrical joins, cut offs, …

Area Area

This parameter shows the area of the family object in Medium Detail Level

Material: Area This area is calculated in Fine Detail Level and represents the real consumed area of the material. See more info on this link.

Volume Volume

This parameter shows the volume of the family object in Medium Detail Level

Material: Volume This volume is calculated in Fine Detail Level and represents the real consumed volume of the material. See more info on this link.

Structural Columns

Measurable Quantity

Parameter Remarks

Length Length Represents the length of the location line of the column, regardless the physical length of the beam. Be careful with column attachments to reference planes.

Area Area

This parameter shows the area of the family object in Medium Detail Level

Material: Area This area is calculated in Fine Detail Level and represents the real consumed area of the material. See more info on this link.

Volume Volume

This parameter shows the volume of the family object in Medium Detail Level

Material: Volume This volume is calculated in Fine Detail Level and represents the real consumed volume of the material. See more info on this link.

https://revitbeyondbim.wordpress.com/2013/09/27/detail-level-pt-1-quantification/





Structural Foundations

Measurable Quantity

Parameter Remarks

Length Length Represents the length of the location line of the column, regardless the physical length of the beam. Be careful with column attachments to reference planes.

Width Width For Wall Foundations the Width parameter is built in by default.

Thickness

Foundation Thickness

This parameter can be used to calculate the thickness of the wall foundation elements

Thickness This parameter can be used to calculate the total thickness of a foundation slab.

Area Area

Material: Area A foundation slab requires Material: Area when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure.

Volume Volume

The family parameter can be used to calculate the area of the wall foundation and isolated foundation.

Material: Volume A foundation slab requires Material: Volume when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure.

Floors

Measurable Quantity

Parameter Remarks

Length Width

/ The length and width of a floor cannot be calculated by using built-in parameters in Revit.

Thickness / The thickness of a floor object can only be calculated using the API and extracting the value of the Thickness parameter.

Area

Area Area can be used to calculate the overall surface a floor covers.

Material: Area A floor requires Material: Area when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure in order to calculate the surface of each material used in the floor.

Volume

Volume Volume can be used to calculate the overall volume of a floor.

Material: Volume A floor requires Material: Volume when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure in order to calculate the volume of each material used in the floor.


Walls

Measurable Quantity

Parameter Remarks

Length Length The length is calculated between the location line drag points of a wall, and is not influenced by wall geometrical changes due to geometry joins, profile edits, …

Width Width Calculates the overall thickness of a compound layer wall

Height Unconnected Height

This parameter will only return correct results when drawing the physical height of the wall using the vertical shape handles. Once you use the Attach Wall command, or when joining the wall with other objects at it’s top, or when editing the profile of the wall, this parameter value is not reliable anymore.

Area

Area Area can be used to calculate the overall surface of a wall.

Material: Area

A wall requires Material: Area when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure in order to calculate the area of each material used in the floor. Additional, to calculate the correct area, the wall joins need to be adjusted as ‘Miter’.

Volume

Volume Volume can be used to calculate the overall volume of a wall.

Material: Volume

A floor requires Material: Volume when using more than 1 layer in the compound structure in order to calculate the volume of each material used in the wall. Additional, to calculate the correct wall, the wall joins need to be adjusted as ‘Miter’.


BEAM – COLUMN CONNECTION

OPTION A – Beams between Columns

The Structural Columns are drawn between two levels and the Structural Framing is positioned at the top level. The beams are cut off between the columns. This is the default behaviour of Revit. This method will influence the next categories as follows: Structural Columns

The Material: Area and the Material: Volume are be calculated as shown with the colouring of the elements.

The Length of the Structural Column will be calculated according its location line. Structural Framing


The value of the Length parameter is measured according to the location line of the beam. If you draw the beam from the first to the last column, than this is considered as one object with an appropriate length.

In order to measure the beams properly, it’s better to draw each beam between the centres of two columns. This way they will be counted as two beams.

Use the Cut Length parameter to present the physical length of the beam. NOTE: This method is the advisable one for steel structures.


OPTION B – Columns attached under Beams

The Structural Columns are drawn physically underneath the Structural Framing, by using the Top Offset parameter and/or Top Attachment command. The outer end faces of the beam are set aligned with the column vertical face, using the Extend command. The Material: Area and the Material: Volume are be calculated as shown with the colouring of the elements. Follow the next guidelines to model beams and columns to obtain correct represented lengths. Structural Columns


Don’t use Switch Join Geometry to obtain the above result, because this command will only affect the volume and area and not the schedulable Length parameter of the column.

Structural Framing


Align the ends of the beam using the Extend command, so that the Location Line of the beam reaches the outer faces of the columns. If not, the Length parameter will be calculated between the columns centres.

In all cases the Cut Length will be calculated as shown by the maximal geometrical length of the beam (green color).


BEAM – FLOOR CONNECTION (1 layer) In the next modelling options the Floor family is considered as a single layer object. E.g. Concrete floor poured in situ.

OPTION A - Floor cuts Beams

The Floor and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. The floor cuts the geometry of the overlapping beam. This is the default behaviour in Revit and will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The height of the beam will be calculated between the bottom of the beam and top of the floor.

Be careful with the annotation of the beams (e.g. tagging the type name “B 50/20” indicating a beam height of 50 cm, while the effective height will be 30 cm when combining with a floor of 20 cm).

Floor

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The floor is considered as one single object.


OPTION B.1 – Beams cut Floor

The Floor and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. By default the Floor will cut the Structural Framing elements. Use the Switch Join Geometry tool to set the Structural Framing to be cutting the overlapping Floor. This will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and the effective height of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

Floor



OPTION B.2 – Floor between Beams

The Floors and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. To obtain an interruption in the floor at the location of the beams, you need to model the sketch of each floor to the edges of the beams. This will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and the effective Height of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

Floor

Alternatively you can decide to draw the boundaries of the floors between the beams. This will result in 3 separate floors. Switch Join Geometry is not needed in this method then.


BEAM – FLOOR CONNECTION (multiple layers) In the next modelling options the Floor family is considered as a multilayer object. (e.g. Precast floor with compression concrete.)

OPTION A – Floor cuts Beams

The Floor and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. The floor cuts the geometry of the overlapping beam. This method is the default behaviour in Revit and will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The height of the beam will be calculated between the bottom of the beam and top of the floor.

Be careful with the annotation of the beams (e.g. tagging the type name “B 50/20” indicating a beam height of 50 cm, while the effective height will be 30 cm when combining with a floor of 20 cm).

Floor

If the material of the lowest layer has the same material as the beam, you will obtain a clean join. The Material: Volume and Material: Area for each layer will be calculated as presented in the

drawing above. The floor is considered as one single object.


OPTION B.1 – Beams cut Floor

The Floor and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. By default the Floor will cut the Structural Framing elements. Use the Switch Join Geometry tool to set the Structural Framing to be cutting the overlapping Floor. This will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing


Floor

If the material of the compression concrete layer (top layer) has the same material as the beam, you will obtain a clean join.



OPTION B.2 – Floor between Beams

The Floors and Structural Framing objects are drawn at the placement level without using Offset values. To obtain an interruption in the floor at the location of the beams, you need to model the sketch of each floor to the edges of the beams. This will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and the Height of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

Floor

If the material of the compression concrete layer has the same material as the beam, then you obtain a clean join.

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. This method will result in multiple separate floors.


OPTION C.1 – Beams cut Floor partially

The Floor and Structural Framing objects are drawn at different heights. The best way is to set the top of the Floor to its placement level and to lower the Structural Framing elements by changing the z Offset Value. By default the floor will cut the structural framing elements. In this case we want the beams to cut the geometry of the overlapping floor. This can be obtained by using the Switch Join Geometry tool and will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and the Height of the beam will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

Floor


The Material: Volume and Material: Area of each layer will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The floor is considered as one single object.


OPTION C.2 – Floor bottom layer between Beams, Floor top layer above Beams

The Floor layers are discretised as separate objects. The bearing part of the floor is drawn between the beams. The upper layer (e.g. compression concrete) is drawn with its top layer aligned to the reference level. The Structural Framing objects are drawn at different heights by changing the z Offset Value. By default the lower (red coloured) floor will cut the structural framing elements. In this case we want the beams to cut the geometry of the overlapping floor. This can be obtained by using the Switch Join Geometry tool and will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing


Floor



The upper floor is considered as one single object. The lower part of the floor results in multiple objects.


OPTION D – Beam supports Floor bottom layer, Floor top layer above Beams

The Floor layers are discretised as separate objects. The bearing part of the floor is drawn between the beams with a certain overlap as support width. The upper layer (e.g. compression concrete) is drawn with its top layer aligned to the reference level. The Structural Framing are drawn at different heights by changing the z Offset Value. The section of the beams can be designed in two different ways, which will mainly give the same result:

a) Draw the Structural Framing objects as rectangular section beams. By default the lower (red coloured) floor will cut the structural framing elements.

b) Alternatively we could design the Structural Framing elements as L-shaped elements and draw the sketch boundary of the floor on the bearing part of the beams. There is no need of joining elements.

This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Framing


The indication of the Type Name of the element (in a schedule or as a tag) will depend on the method chosen above for the choice of Structural Framing family: When selected method (a) the beam will be scheduled and tagged the same way as the ‘real’ rectangular section instances. This choice makes it easier to draw the Floor sketch boundary in a plan view. When selected method (b) – with the L-shaped section – the beam will be seen as a real L-shaped element in a schedule and a tag. This choice takes more of your visual interpretation ability to distinguish the right support line.

Floor



The upper floor is considered as one single object. The lower part of the floor results in multiple objects.


COLUMN – FLOOR CONNECTION

OPTION A – Floor cuts Column

The top of the Floor is aligned with the reference level. The Structural Columns can be drawn on the next different ways to obtain the result as above. The most important and influencing ones are described below:

a) The columns are drawn between two levels, and the Top Constraint of the column is linked with the same reference level as the Floor. By default the Floor cuts the Structural Columns.

b) The columns are drawn between two levels, and the Top Offset of the column is set equal to the overall thickness of the Floor.

c) The columns are drawn between two levels, and the top of the column is attached to the bottom of the Floor with the Attach tool.

Each of these sub-methods will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Column

The Material: Volume of the column will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The schedule parameter Length will be influenced by the way the columns are drawn. With method (a) the schedule parameter Length will be calculated to the initial designed top of the column, which is its reference level or the top of the Floor object. With method (b) and method (c) the Length parameter will show the real physical length of the column.

Floor The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The floor is considered as one single object.


OPTION B – Columns cut Floor

The top of the Floor is aligned with the reference level. The Structural Columns are drawn between two levels, where Top Constraint is set to the same reference level as the Floor object. Additionally the column connections as illustrated above, can be obtained either by using the Switch Join Geometry command (not for steel elements), either by attaching the columns using the Attach Top command, with Cut Target and Attachment Justification set to Maximum Intersection and the Offset from Attachment set equal to the overall thickness of the floor. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Column

The Material: Volume of the column will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The schedule parameter Length will be calculated according its physical length because the column is drawn either with the actual physical length or modified with the Attach command.

Floor

If the material of the lowest layer has the same material as the beam, you will obtain a clean join. The Material: Volume and Material: Area for each layer will be calculated as presented in the

drawing above. The floor is considered as one single object.


WALL – FLOOR CONNECTION

OPTION A – Floor cuts walls

The top of the Floor is aligned with the reference level. The Walls can be drawn on the next different ways to obtain the result as above. The most important and influencing ones are described below:

a) The walls are drawn between two levels, and the Top Constraint of the wall is linked with the same reference level as the Floor. By default the Floor cuts the Walls.

b) The walls are drawn between two levels, and the top of the wall is attached to the bottom of the Floor with the Attach tool.

c) The walls are placed on a Base Constraint level and the Top Constraint is set to unconnected. Using the vertical shape handles, or the Unconnected Height parameter the wall is adjusted to the bottom of the floor.

Each of these sub-methods will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall

The Material: Volume of the wall will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The schedule parameter Unconnected Height will be influenced by the way the walls are drawn. With method (a) and method (b) the parameter value will not be reliable and will be calculated to the level of the Top Constraint of the wall, being the top of the floor. With method (c) the Unconnected Height will be calculated as drawn physically, as long as the profile of the wall is not edited (!).

Floor The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The floor is considered as one single object. The same results can be obtained with multi-layer

floors or separate floors for each layer.


OPTION B – Wall cuts Floor

The top of the Floor is aligned with the reference level. The sketch lines of the floor are set to the core boundary of the walls, exceeding the wall support width. The Walls are drawn between two levels, where Top Constraint is set to the same reference level as the Floor object. Additionally the wall connections as illustrated above, can be obtained by using the Switch Join Geometry command. Alternatively you can model the floor boundary between the faces of the wall (switch join geometry will not be needed then anymore). This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall


The parameter Unconnected Height will only be reliable if the top of the wall is obtained by using the vertical shape handles or the Top Constraint parameter set to the appropriate level.

Floor

The Material: Volume and Material: Area for each layer will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The floor is considered as one single object. The same results can be obtained with multi-layer floors or separate floors for each layer.

Note: this priority behaviour can also be simulated by setting the function of the wall layer to a higher level than the function of the floor layer. Be careful, because this can influence the rest of the model.


OPTION C – Floor cuts Wall partially

The top of the Floor is aligned with the reference level. The sketch lines of the floor are set to a fixed distance from the wall face. That way the floor is supported partially on the width of the wall. The Walls are drawn between two levels, where Top Constraint is set to the same reference level as the Floor object. Additionally the wall connections as illustrated above, can be obtained by using the Switch Join Geometry command. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall


The parameter Unconnected Height will only be reliable if the top of the wall is obtained by using the vertical shape handles or the Top Constraint parameter set to the appropriate level.

Floor

The Material: Volume and Material: Area for each layer will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

The floor is considered as one single object. The same results can be obtained with multi-layer floors or separate floors for each layer.


WALL – BEAM CONNECTION

OPTION A – Wall cuts Beam

The Walls are drawn between two levels, where Top Constraint is set to the same reference level as the Structural Framing object. The beams are drawn between the centre lines of the walls. By default the Wall cuts the Structural Framing. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall

The Material: Volume and Material: Area of the wall will be calculated as presented in the drawing above.

Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The Cut Length parameter is calculated between the walls. The Length parameter will take into account the position of the location line, which is between

the centrelines of the walls.


OPTION B – Beam cuts Wall

The Walls are drawn between two levels, where Top Constraint is set to the same reference level as the Structural Framing object. The beams are drawn between the centre lines of the walls. By default the Wall cuts the Structural Framing. Additionally the beam connections as illustrated above, can be obtained by using the Switch Join Geometry command. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall


Structural Framing

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The Cut Length parameter is calculated between the walls. The Length parameter will take into account the position of the location line, which is between

the centrelines of the walls. Note : In case of steel (Material for Model Behaviour) the Switch Join Geometry is not a valid command. In that case the opening in the wall should be done using a custom void family or by editing the profile of the wall.


WALL – COLUMN CONNECTION

OPTION A – Wall cuts Column

The Wall and Structural Column are modelled between their indicated bottom and top constraint level. The outer faces of the wall and column are aligned. By default Revit behaviour, the wall will cut the overlapping column geometry. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall


Structural Column

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The section of the column as shown in the drawing above. Therefore, be careful with the

annotation of the column (e.g. tagging the type name “C 50/40” indicating a column depth of 50 cm, while the effective depth will be 30 cm when combining with a wall of 20 cm).


OPTION B – Column cuts Wall

The Wall and Structural Column are modelled between their indicated bottom and top constraint level. The outer faces of the wall and column are aligned. By default Revit behaviour, the wall will cut the overlapping column geometry. Use the Switch Join Geometry tool to set the Structural Column to be cutting the overlapping Wall. To avoid the default Revit behaviour (wall cutting the column), you can set the Structural Usage parameter of your structural wall to Structural Combined before placing the column in the wall. You will need to cut the geometry of the wall by using the Join Geometry command afterwards. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Wall


Structural Column

The Material: Volume and Material: Area will be calculated as presented in the drawing above. The section of the column as shown in the drawing above. Therefore, be careful with the

annotation of the column (e.g. tagging the type name “C 50/40” indicating a column depth of 50 cm, while the effective depth will be 30 cm when combining with a wall of 20 cm).


STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS

OPTION A – Foundation designed as a multi-solid family

The Structural Foundation is modelled by a family consisting of multiple solids, representing each part of the foundation. Optionally, the solids are joined internally within the family. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Foundation

The Material: Volume of the foundation will be calculated for the family as a whole, unless you specify different materials for the solids within the family.

There will be NO separated data available for each part of the foundation, unless it is covered by specific parameters within the family.

If the family parameter Cap is inactive, then the Elevation at Bottom parameter will indicate the bottom part of the foundation which is the bottom of the pile in this case. If the family parameter Cap is active, then the Elevation at Bottom parameter will indicate the bottom elevation of the topmost bottom-facing face of the foundation which is the bottom of the pile cap in this case.


OPTION B – Foundation designed as one family with components as nested families

The Structural Foundation is modelled by a family consisting of a single solid, representing the main part (e.g. pile cap) and nested and shared families from the same category representing the sub parts (e.g. piles) foundation. The material of the solid and nested families is indicated separately. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Foundation

The Material: Volume of the foundation will be calculated for the solid parts (e.g. pile cap) and nested families (e.g. piles) within the family.

The shared nested families can be listed and counted as separate Structural Foundation objects.

The parameters Elevation at Bottom and Elevation at Top can’t be calculated for the nested items.

The parameter Elevation at Bottom of the main family will show the bottom part of the solid, optionally influenced by the Cap parameter.


OPTION C – Foundation designed with separate families presenting each component

Each part of the foundation is modelled by a separate Structural Foundation family, which is positioned at the same level, using Offset to position the element. E.g. 1 pile cap with 2 separate pile families. This method will influence the quantities of elements and materials as follows: Structural Foundation

The Material: Volume of each foundation part will be calculated separated according to the image above.

The parameters Elevation at Bottom and Elevation at Top will show the appropriate level for each part, optionally influenced by the Cap parameter.

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Structural Modelling Requirements - · PDF fileStructural Modelling Requirements 1/29 ... With this document a BIM Manager, BIM Coordinator or BOQ Manager can set priorities and choices