-
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3427
Structure Contour and Overburden Maps of the Niobrara Interval
of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin,
Wyoming
-
Structure Contour and Overburden Maps of the Niobrara Interval
of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin,
Wyoming
By Thomas M. Finn
Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3427
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
-
U.S. Department of the InteriorDAVID BERNHARDT, Acting
Secretary
U.S. Geological SurveyJames F. Reilly II, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019
For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science
about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards,
and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call
1–888–ASK–USGS.
For an overview of USGS information products, including maps,
imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov.
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
Although this information product, for the most part, is in the
public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted
in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be
secured from the copyright owner.
Suggested citation:Finn, T.M., 2019, Structure contour and
overburden maps of the Niobrara interval of the Upper Cretaceous
Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey
Scientific Investigations Map 3427, pamphlet 9 p., 2 sheets, scale
1:500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3427.
ScienceBase data release files that support this report can be
found at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BZ65CN.
ISSN 2329-132X (online)
http://www.usgs.govhttp://store.usgs.govhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sim3427
-
iii
ContentsIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................................1Acknowledgments
.........................................................................................................................................8References
......................................................................................................................................................8
Figures
1. Map of the Rocky Mountain region showing locations of
Laramide basins ......................2 2. Index map of the Wind
River Basin in central Wyoming
.......................................................3 3.
Generalized geologic map and cross section of the Wind River Basin
in central
Wyoming.........................................................................................................................................4
4. Correlation diagram of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale and
associated strata in
the Wind River Basin, Wyoming
.................................................................................................6
5. Type log of Lower and lowermost Upper Cretaceous rocks in the
southeastern part
of the Wind River Basin
...............................................................................................................7
Conversion FactorsU.S. customary units to International System
of Units
Multiply By To obtain
Length
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)
mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)
Area
square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)
DatumHorizontal coordinate information is referenced to the
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above sea
level.
-
Structure Contour and Overburden Maps of the Niobrara Interval
of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin,
Wyoming
By Thomas M. Finn
IntroductionThe Wind River Basin is a large northwest-trending
struc-
tural depression that is nearly 200 miles (mi) long, 70 mi wide,
and encompasses about 7,400 square miles (mi2) in central Wyoming
(fig. 1). The present-day structure of the Wind River Basin
developed during the Laramide orogeny, a period of crustal
instability that began during latest Cretaceous time and ended in
the early Eocene (Gries, 1983; Love, 1988). Many of the structures
are the result of compressional deforma-tion characterized by
Precambrian basement-involved thrust faults and strongly folded and
faulted anticlines and synclines. The north, west, and south
margins of the basin are bounded by basement-cored uplifts referred
to as the Washakie, Owl Creek, Bighorn, Wind River, and Granite
Mountains uplifts (fig. 2). The Casper arch, a major
northwest-trending structural upwarp with a thrust faulted, steeply
dipping west limb forms the east margin of the basin (Keefer, 1970)
(fig. 2). These uplifts are flanked by highly folded and faulted
sedimentary rocks that range from Paleozoic to Paleocene in age,
whereas the central part of the basin is covered by nearly
flat-lying lower Eocene and undifferentiated Tertiary and
Quaternary rocks that mask the structure of the older rocks in the
central part of the basin (Keefer, 1966; Keefer, 1970; Love and
Chris-tiansen, 1985) (fig. 3).
According to Knight (1897) and Rountree (1984), the first
documented account of oil in what is now the State of Wyoming was
discovered at a seep along the banks of the Popo Agie River, about
8 mi southeast of the present-day town of Lander near the
southwestern margin of the Wind River Basin (fig. 2). For several
decades following its discovery in 1833, this seep, referred to as
the “great tar spring,” was used by local hunters and fur trappers
for medicinal purposes, and later by the military and pioneers for
axle grease and lubrica-tion (Knight, 1897; Rountree, 1984). Then
in 1884, Mike Murphy completed the first commercial oil well in
Wyoming next to the “great tar spring” establishing the first oil
produc-tion in Wyoming at the Dallas oil field (Biggs and Espach,
1960; Keefer, 1969; Cardinal and others, 1989) (fig. 2). Since
then, many important conventional and unconventional oil and gas
resources have been discovered and produced from
reservoirs ranging in age from Mississippian through Tertiary
(Keefer, 1969; Fox and Dolton, 1989, 1996; De Bruin, 1993; Johnson
and others, 1996, 2007) (fig. 2). It has been sug-gested that
various Upper Cretaceous marine shales are the principal
hydrocarbon source rocks for many of these accu-mulations (see, for
example: Meissner and others, 1984; Fox and Dolton, 1989, 1996;
Johnson and Rice, 1993; Nuccio and others, 1996; and Schelling and
Wavrek, 1999, 2001). With recent advances in horizontal drilling
and multi-stage hydrau-lic fracture stimulation, equivalent Upper
Cretaceous marine source rock intervals, in particular the Niobrara
Formation, have become important continuous (unconventional) shale
gas or shale oil objectives in other Rocky Mountain Laramide basins
(Matthews, 2011; Sonnenberg, 2011; Williams and Lyle, 2011; Durham,
2012a,b, 2013; Taylor and Sonnenberg, 2014; Hawkins, 2016). In the
Wind River Basin, the Niobrara is represented by shales, calcareous
shales, marls, siltstones, and sandstones in the lower shaly member
of the Upper Creta-ceous Cody Shale (Finn, 2017) (fig. 4).
The maps presented in this report were constructed as part of a
project carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to better
characterize the geologic framework of potential undiscovered
continuous (unconventional) oil and gas resources in the Niobrara
interval of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin
in central Wyoming (sheets 1 and 2). The structure contour map is
drawn at the base of the “chalk kick” marker bed, a distinctive
zone or peak on resistivity logs in the lower 50–300 feet (ft) of
the Cody Shale that according to Finn (2017) represents the base of
the Niobrara interval in the Wind River Basin (fig. 5). This
horizon was selected because it is easily identified on most well
logs, is present throughout the basin, and has been identified by
the author in about 630 wells (Finn, 2019). Data from an additional
90 wells that penetrated the upper part of the Niobrara interval or
overlying Cody Shale were incorporated by projecting thicknesses
from nearby wells and estimating a pick for the “chalk kick” marker
(Finn, 2019). The structure contouring is based on interpretation
of the well data and surface geologic mapping by Keefer (1970),
Keefer and Troyer (1964), Love and Christiansen (1985), Green and
Drouillard (1994), Sutherland and Hausel (2003), and Johnson
-
2 Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval
of the Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, WY
Figure 1. Map of the Rocky Mountain region showing locations of
Laramide basins.
42°
44°
46°
110° 108° 106° 104° 102°112°
40°
38°
36°
Greater GreenRiver Basin
San JuanBasin
PiceanceBasin
Uinta BasinParadox Basin
Bighorn Basin
CrazyMountains
Basin
BullMountains
Basin
Raton
Basin
LasVegasBasin
Rio
Gran
deRi
ft
Powder River Basin
Denver Basin
Williston Basin
Sevi
erth
rust
belt
Sevi
erth
rust
belt
Snak
e Rive
r
Plain
HannaBasin Laram
ie
Basin
ShirleyBasin
North andMiddle
ParkBasins
SouthParkBasin
Reed Point
syncline
Yellowstone- Absaroka volcanic field
San Juan volcanic field
Wind River Basin
UTAHARIZONA NEW MEXICO
COLORADO
UTAHIDAHO
MONTANAWYOMING
OKLAHOMATEXAS
KA
NSA
SSOUTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
NORTH DAKOTA
NEBRASKA
NEBRASKA
COLORADOWYOMING
Wind
Riveruplift
uplift
uplif
t
GraniteMountains
uplift
Owl Creek uplift
uplift
BighornCasperarch
arch
Hartvill
e uplift
Miles City
Washakie uplift
Uinta
Axial Basinuplift
uplift
Rawlins
uplift
Uncompahgre uplift
San
Rafa
elSw
ell
Zuni uplift
Sierra Madreuplift
Park Range uplift
FrontRangeWhite
River uplift
Sang
rede
Cris
to
Nac
imie
nto
uplif
t
Pryoruplift
Black Hills upliftTetonuplift
Doug
las
Cree
k ar
ch
Nye-Bowlerlineament
Beartoothuplift
Apishapa arch
Laramie
uplift
Las
Ani
mas
a
rch
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, 1:5,000,000Albers Equal
Area Conic projection
EXPLANATION
Sevier fold and thrust faulted terrane
Laramide sedimentary and structural basinsUndifferentiated
deposits
Approximate eastern limit of Sevier thrust belt
Tertiary volcanics
Neogene rift deposits
0 100 KILOMETERS50
0 50 100 MILES
-
Introduction
3
Figure 2. Index map of the Wind River Basin in central Wyoming
showing major structural elements, and principal oil and gas
producing fields. Structure contours drawn at base of the chalk
kick marker bed of the Niobrara interval of the Cody Shale. Contour
interval is 5,000 feet. SL, sea level.
-15,000
−15,000
−10,000
−10,000
-10,000
−5,000
−5,000
5,000
5,000
5,0005,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
SL
SL
SL
SL
SL
SL
5,000
SL
Washakie uplift
volcanics
Wind
River
uplift
upliftCreek
Owl
Bigh
orn
uplif
t
Casper
arch
GraniteMountainsuplift
Absaroka
T40N
T5N
R. 80 W.R. 85 W.R. 90 W.R. 95 W.R. 100 W.R. 105 W.R. 110 W.
R 110 W
T45N
R 105 W
R 5 W
T1S
T1NT
35N
T30N
R 105 W
R 5 W
T.40N.
T45N
T.30N.
T.35N.
R 100 W
R 1 W R 1 E
T5N
T40N
R 95 WR 5 E
T1NT1S
T35N
R 95 W
R 5 E
R 100 W
R 1 W R 1 E
R 90 W R 85 W
R 80 W
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, 1:2,000,000, digital
dataLambert Conformal Conic projectionStandard parallels 41° and
45°, Central meridian −107°30’Latitude of origin 41°, metersNorth
American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
43°
43°30’
42°30’
110° 109°30’ 109° 108° 107° 108°30’ 107°30’ 106°30’
0 40 MILES10 20 30
0 40 KILOMETERS10 20 30
Wind River BasinProvince
WYOMING
EXPLANATIONTertiary volcanic rocks
Frontier Formation outcrop
Precambrian rocks
5,000 Chalk Kick contour—Base of “chalk kick” marker bed.
Contour interval 5,000 feet. SL is sea level
High-angle fault
Type log
Oil field Fields that produce significant amounts of both oil
and natural gas Gas field
Wind River Basin Province boundaryThrust fault—Sawteeth on upper
plateNormal fault—Ball and bar on downthrown side
Alkali Butte
Sand MesaMuddyRidge
Frenchie Draw
Madden
Pavillion
Riverton Dome
Muskrat
CastleGarden
Wallace Creek
Cooper Reservoir
WaltmanCave GulchTepee Flats
FullerReservoir
Big Sand DrawSand Draw South
BeaverCreek
Hells HalfAcre
Boone Dome
Haybarn
Dallas
Lander
Derby
Winkleman
Pilot Butte
SteamboatButte
Sheldon DomeLittle Dome
Circle RidgeMaverick Springs
Raderville
Poison Spider West
Poison Spider
PineMountain
Bates Creek
Grieve
Sun RanchLander
Dubois
Shoshoni
Riverton
Casper
-
4
Structure contour and overburden maps of the N
iobrara interval of the Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin,
W
Y
(NO VERTICAL EXAGGERATION)
0 10 KILOMETERS5
0 5 10 MILES
0 40 KILOMETERS10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 MILES
A
A'
43°
42°30’
43°30’
110° 109° 108° 107° 106°30’ 107°30’ 108°30’ 109°30’
Tp
KJ
KJ
Tel
Ku
KJ
KJ
KuKJ
Ku
Tel
Tp
Teu
QT
Ku
Tel
Tmo
QT
Tmo
KJ
Ku
QT
QT
Tmo
TelTp
Ku
QT
Tel
Tmo
QT
QT
QT
Tel
Ku
Tev
Ku
Tev
Tp
QTTel
Ku QTTel
KuQT
Teu
Tp
KJ
KJ
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
|
|
|
||
|
|
}|
}|
}|
}|
}|
−15,000
−10,000
10,000
−5,000
−20,000
5,000
−25,000
Sea level
−15,000
−10,000
10,000
−5,000
−20,000
5,000
−25,000
Sea level
Madden anticlineBighorn 1-5 Victor 1-14
Moneta HillsMoneta Hills 1-31
Moneta Hills 1-29O A B 1-17Castle Gardens
Castle Garden 1 Federal Hanagan 1-11 Horseshoe Creek
UnitFederal-Wolf 1Muscrat anticline
Lowe 1 Unit1 Govt-Rongis
A
Conant Creekanticline
1 State
SouthBighorn
Mountains
NorthA'
Sage Brush Draw 1-31
THRUST FAULT
SOUTH OWL CREEK
CEDAR RIDGE
NORMAL FAULTMADDEN THRUST FAULT
??
FEETFEET
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, 1:2,000,000-scale
digital dataLambert Conformal Conic projectionStandard parallels
41º and 45º, Central meridian−107º 30’Latitude of origin 41º,
metersNorth American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)
WIND RIVER BASIN
WYOMING
-
Introduction 5
and Sutherland (2009). Additional sources of geologic data
include structural cross sections and (or) subsurface maps by Biggs
and Espach (1960), Keefer (1970), Skeen and Ray (1983), Sprague
(1983), Ray and Keefer (1985), Dunleavy and Gilbertson (1986),
Cardinal and others (1989), Blackstone (1990), Natali and others
(2000), and Montgomery and others (2001). The structure contour map
is at a scale of 1:500,000, the contour interval is 1,000 ft, and
the datum is mean sea-level (sheet 1). The overburden map was
constructed by using the well data (Finn, 2019) and by calculating
the difference between the surface elevation and the structure
contours. This map is at a scale of 1:500,000, and the contour
interval is 1,000 ft (sheet 2).
Figure 3. (above and previous page) Generalized geologic map and
cross section of the Wind River Basin in central Wyoming. Geologic
map modified from Love and Christiansen (1985), and Green and
Drouillard (1994). Cross section segment north of the Madden
anticline is modified from Ray and Keefer (1985).
Water features
EXPLANATION
Quaternary–Tertiary undifferentiatedQT
Tertiary intrusives
Miocene–Oligocene sedimentary rocksTmo
Upper Eocene sedimentary rocksTeu
Eocene volcanic rocksTev
Lower Eocene sedimentary rocksTel
Paleocene sedimentary rocksTp
Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocksKu
Lower Cretaceous (cross section only) sedimentary rocks
Lower Cretaceous–Jurassic sedimentary rocks
Mesozoic–Paleozoic sedimentary rocks
Paleozoic sedimentary rocks
Wind River Basin boundaryThrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate.
Dashed where concealedNormal fault—Bar and ball on downthrown side.
Dashed where concealedHigh-angle fault—Dashed where
concealedContactLine of section
Select well locations with name
A A'
Kl
KJ
}|
|
Precambrian crystalline rocks p_
1 State
-
6 Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval
of the Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, WY
Figure 4. Correlation diagram of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale
and associated strata in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming. The
diagonal lines represent the Niobrara interval in the Wind River
Basin, as defined in this report. Modified from Finn (2017).
CRET
ACEO
US (p
art)
UPPE
R CR
ETAC
EOUS
(par
t)
Low
erLo
wer
Upper
Uppe
rUp
per
Mid
dle
System Series Stage Sub-stage
Cam
pani
an (p
art)
Sant
onia
n
Lower
Middle
Middle
Upper
Coni
acia
nTu
roni
an(p
art)
Western Wind RiverBasin
Eastern and southeasternWind River Basin
Southern and centralWind River Basin
Upper sandymember
Upper sandymember
Uppersandy
member
MesaverdeFormation
(part)
MesaverdeFormation
(part)
Niobrarainterval
NiobraraintervalNiobrarainterval
MesaverdeFormation
(part)
Basal sandstone member
Cody
Sha
le
Cody
Sha
le
Cody
Sha
le
Low
er s
haly
mem
ber
Low
er s
haly
mem
ber
Low
er s
haly
mem
ber
Alkali Butte member
Fales Sandstone Member
Wallace Creek Tongue of Cody Shale
Conant Creek tongue
Sage Breaksinterval
Sage Breaksinterval
Sage Breaks interval
Frontier Formation(part)
Frontier Formation(part) Frontier Formation
(part)
“chalk kick”“chalk kick”“chalk kick”
-
Introduction 7
Figure 5. Type log of Lower and lowermost Upper Cretaceous rocks
in the southeastern part of the Wind River Basin. GR, gamma ray
log; Res., resistivity log. Location shown in figure 2. From Finn
(2017).
10,000
10,500
11,000
11,500
12,000
12,500
13,000
GR Res.
API 4902522268Exxon Corp. Poison Springs Unit 1
sec. 33, T. 32 N., R. 83 W.
"chalk kickmarker"
Clay Spur Bentonite
Uppe
r Cre
tace
ous
(par
t)
Muddy Sandstone
Thermopolis Shale
MowryShale
FrontierFormation
Cody
Sha
le (p
art)
Low
er s
haly
mem
ber
Upper sandymember
(part)
SageBreaksinterval
Uppersiliceous
partLower part
Nio
brar
a in
terv
al
Cloverly Formation
Low
erCr
etac
eous
?
Sandstone and conglomerate of fluvial origin
Marine and marginal marine sandstone and siltstone
Marine shale
Siliceous marine shale
Calcareous marine shale and marl
Estuarine and fluvial sandstone
Interbedded marine sandstone and shale
EXPLANATION
-
8 Structure contour and overburden maps of the Niobrara interval
of the Cody Shale in the Wind River Basin, WY
AcknowledgmentsThe manuscript and maps benefited from reviews
by
Ron Drake, Dave Scott, Ofori Pearson, Janet Slate, and Dave
Ferderer of the USGS and their suggestions and comments are greatly
appreciated.
References
Biggs, P., and Espach, R.H., 1960, Petroleum and natural gas
fields in Wyoming: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 582, 538 p.
[Publications now held by the U.S. Geological Survey.]
Blackstone, D.L., Jr., 1990, Rocky Mountain foreland struc-ture
exemplified by the Owl Creek Mountains, Bridger Range, and Casper
arch, central Wyoming, in Specht, R.W., ed., Wyoming sedimentation
and tectonics, 41st Annual Field Conference Guidebook: Wyoming
Geological Asso-ciation Guidebook, p. 151–166.
Cardinal, D.F., Miller, T., Stewart, W.W., and Trotter, J.F.,
eds., 1989, Wyoming oil and gas fields symposium Bighorn and Wind
River Basins: Wyoming Geological Association, 555 p.
De Bruin, R.H., 1993, Overview of oil and gas geology of
Wyoming, in Snoke, A.W., Steidtmann, J.R., and Roberts, S.M., eds.,
Geology of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming Memoir no. 5, p.
836–873.
Dunleavy, J.M., and Gilbertson, R.L., 1986, Madden
anticline—Growing giant, in Noll, J.H., and Doyle, K.M., eds.,
Rocky Mountain oil and gas fields: Wyoming Geological Association,
p. 107–157.
Durham, L.S., 2012a, Mancos-Niobrara play full of surprises:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Explorer, v. 33, no.
8, p. 14–18.
Durham, L.S., 2012b, What is the tally of Niobrara value?:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Explorer, v. 33, no.
8, p. 20.
Durham, L.S., 2013, Rocky operators cautiously move ahead:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Explorer, v. 34, no.
6, p. 6, accessed February 2, 2017, at
https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/2013/06jun.
Finn, T.M., 2017, Stratigraphic cross sections of the Niobrara
interval of the Cody Shale and associated rocks in the Wind River
Basin, central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific
Investigations Map 3370, pamphlet 19 p., 1 sheet [cross section],
accessed on February 2, 2018, at
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3370.
Finn, T.M., 2019, Tops file for the Niobrara interval of the
Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale and associated strata in the Wind River
Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey data release,
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BZ65CN.
Fox, J.E., and Dolton, G.L., 1989, Petroleum geology of the Wind
River and Bighorn Basins, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 87–450–P, 41 p.
Fox, J.E., and Dolton, G.L., 1996, Wind River Basin Province
(35), in Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G.L., Takahashi, K.I., and Varnes,
K.L., eds., 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas
resources—Results, methodology, and supporting data: U.S.
Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–30, CD–ROM, release
2.
Green, G.N., and Drouillard, P.H., 1994, The digital geologic
map of Wyoming in ARC/INFO format: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 94–0425, 10 p.
Gries, R., 1983, North-south compression of Rocky Mountain
foreland structures, in Lowell, J.D., and Gries, R., eds., Rocky
Mountain foreland basins and uplifts: Rocky Moun-tain Association
of Geologists Guidebook, p. 9–32.
Hawkins, S.J., 2016, Assessment of continuous (unconven-tional)
oil and gas resources in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale of the
Piceance Basin Province, Colorado and Utah, 2016: U.S. Geological
Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3030, 4 p., accessed February 2, 2017, at
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163030.
Johnson, J.F., and Sutherland, W.M., 2009, Geologic map of the
Lander 30'×60' quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming: Wyoming
Geological Survey Map Series 87, scale 1:100,000.
Johnson, R.C., and Rice, D.D., 1993, Variations in composi-tion
and origins of gases from coal beds and conventional reservoirs,
Wind River Basin, Wyoming, in Keefer, W.R., Metzger, W.J., and
Godwin, L.H., eds., Oil and gas and other resources of the Wind
River Basin, Wyoming: Wyo-ming Geological Association, p.
319–335.
Johnson, R.C., Finn, T.M., Keefer, W.R., and Szmajter, R.J.,
1996, Geology of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene gas-bearing rocks,
Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geologi-cal Survey Open-File Report
96–090, 120 p.
Johnson, R.C., Finn, T.M., Kirschbaum, M.A., Roberts, S.B.,
Roberts, L.N.R., Cook, T., and Taylor, D.J., 2007, The
Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary Composite Total Petroleum System, Wind
River Basin, Wyoming, chap. 4 of Petroleum systems and geologic
assessment of oil and gas resources in the Wind River Basin
Province, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS
69–J–4, 96 p., CD–ROM.
Keefer, W.R., 1966, Paleozoic formations in the Wind River
Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 495–B, 60
p.
-
References 9
Keefer, W.R., 1969, Geology of petroleum in the Wind River
Basin, central Wyoming: American Association of Petro-leum
Geologists Bulletin, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1839–1865.
Keefer, W.R., 1970, Structural geology of the Wind River Basin,
Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 495–D, 35 p.
Keefer, W.R., and Troyer, M.L., 1964, Geology of the Shotgun
Butte area, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey
Bulletin 1157, 123 p.
Knight, W.C., 1897, The petroleum of the Shoshone anticlinal:
University of Wyoming Petroleum Series Bulletin, no. 2, 34 p.
Love, D.J., 1988, Geology of the Wind River Basin, central
Wyoming, in Sloss, L.L., ed., Sedimentary Cover—North American
Craton—U.S., The Geology of North America: Boulder, Colo., The
Geological Society of America, v. D–2, p. 196–200.
Love, D.J., and Christiansen, A.C., 1985, Geologic map of
Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000. [Available at
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16366.htm.]
Matthews, V., 2011, Colorado’s new oil boom—The Niobrara:
Colorado Geological Survey Rock Talk, v. 13, no. 1, 11 p.
Meissner, F.F., Woodward, J., and Clayton, J.L., 1984,
Strati-graphic relationships and distribution of source rocks in
the greater Rocky Mountain region, in Woodward, J., Meissner, F.F.,
and Clayton, J.L., eds., Hydrocarbon source rocks of the greater
Rocky Mountain region: Rocky Mountain Asso-ciation of Geologists
Guidebook, p. 1–34.
Montgomery, S.L., Barrett, F., Vickery, K., Natali, S., and Dea,
P., 2001, Cave Gulch field, Natrona County, Wyoming—Large gas
discovery in the Rocky Mountain foreland, Wind River Basin:
American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, v. 85, no. 9,
p. 1543–1564.
Natali, S., Roux, R., Dea, P., and Barrett, F., 2000, Cave Gulch
3D survey, Wind River Basin, Wyoming: The Mountain Geologist, v.
37, no. 1, p. 3–13.
Nuccio, V.F., Finn, T.M., and Johnson, R.C., 1996, Thermal
maturity data used for the assessment of gas resources in the Wind
River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
96-064, 57 p.
Ray, R.R., and Keefer, W.R., 1985, Wind River Basin, central
Wyoming, in Gries, R.R., and Dyer, R.C., eds., Seismic exploration
of the Rocky Mountain Region: Rocky Moun-tain Association of
Geologists, and Denver Geophysical Society, p. 201–212.
Rountree, R., 1984, Western Oil Reporter’s Rocky Mountain oil
history: Denver, Hart Publications Inc., 210 p.
Schelling, D.D., and Wavrek, D.A., 1999, Structural geology and
petroleum systems of the Madden field, Wind River Basin, Wyoming:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 83, no. 13
(supplement).
Schelling, D.D., and Wavrek, D.A., 2001, Structural geology and
petroleum systems of the northwestern Wind River Basin, Wyoming:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 85, no. 13
(supplement).
Skeen, R.C., and Ray, R.R., 1983, Seismic models and
inter-pretation of the Casper arch thrust—Application to Rocky
Mountain foreland structure, in Lowell, J.D., ed., Rocky Mountain
foreland basins and uplifts: Rocky Mountain Association of
Geologists Guidebook, p. 339–343.
Sonnenberg, S.A., 2011, The Niobrara Petroleum System—A new
resource play in the Rocky Mountain region, in Estes-Jackson, J.E.,
and Anderson, D.S., eds., Revisiting and revitalizing the Niobrara
in the central Rockies: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,
p. 13–32.
Sprague, E.L., 1983, Geology of the Tepee Flats-Bullfrog fields,
Natrona County, Wyoming, in Lowell, J.D., and Gries, Robbie, eds.,
Rocky Mountain foreland basins and uplifts: Rocky Mountain
Association of Geologists Guide-book, p. 339–343.
Sutherland, W., and Hausel, W.D., 2003, Geologic map of the
Rattlesnake Hills 30ʹ×60ʹ quadrangle, Fremont and Natrona Counties,
Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Survey Map Series 61, scale
1:100,000.
Taylor, J., and Sonnenberg, S.A., 2014, Reservoir
charac-terization of the Niobrara Formation, southern Powder River
Basin, Wyoming: The Mountain Geologist, v. 51, no. 1, p. 83–108,
accessed February 2, 2016, at
http://archives.datapages.com/data/mountain-geologist-rmag/data/051/051001/83_rmag-mg510083.htm.
Williams, P., and Lyle, D., 2011, Bring in the rigs, in
Estes-Jackson, J.E., and Anderson, D.S., eds., Revisiting and
revitalizing the Niobrara in the central Rockies: Rocky Mountain
Association of Geologists, p. 33–40.
Publishing support provided by: Denver Publishing Service
CenterFor more information concerning this publication, contact:
Center Director, USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 939 Denver, CO 80225 (303) 236-1647Or visit
the Central Energy Resources Science Center Web site at:
http://energy.usgs.gov
https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16366.htmhttps://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16366.htmhttp://energy.usgs.gov
-
Finn—Structure contour and overburden m
aps of the Niobrara interval of the Cody Shale in the W
ind River Basin, WY—
Scientific Investigations Map 3427
ISSN 2329-132X (online)https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3427
https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3427
ContentsIntroductionAcknowledgmentsReferences
FiguresFigure 1. Map of the Rocky Mountain region showing
locations of Laramide basins.Figure 2. Index map of the Wind River
Basin in central Wyoming.Figure 3. Generalized geologic map and
cross section of the Wind River Basin in central Wyoming.Figure
4. Correlation diagram of the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale and
associated strata in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming.Figure 5. Type
log of Lower and lowermost Upper Cretaceous rocks in the
southeastern part of the Wind River Basin.
