Organelles

Structure = FunctionPart of the reason why plants and animals

function differently is because of the structure of the cells that make up each living thing.

An animal cell is made up of specific organelles – tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.

There are some animals made of just one cell, and some made of many cells!!

OrganellesOrganelles are tiny cell structures that carry

out specific functions in the cell

Cell MembraneThe cell membrane controls what

substances come into and out of the cell.Everything that enters or leaves the cell goes

through the membrane.

It is the outer most layer around the cell

The NucleusThe nucleus is the control center of the cell –

This is where all of the DNA in each cell is found!

The NucleusThere is a membrane around the nucleus

called the nuclear envelope.

This protects the nucleus! It only lets in things that are good for the nucleus!

Things enter and exit the nucleus through pores, or small holes, in the membrane.

The NucleusYou’ve heard of DNA – but what is it??

DNA is genetic material – these are the instructions for controlling the cell’s functions.

Here we have chromatin, which are long thin strands of genetic material (DNA)

The nucleolus is a dense area of chromatin, whereribosomes are made.

Inside the CytoplasmThe mitochondria are where energy from

food molecules is transformed into energy that can be used by the cell

This process is called Cellular Respiration

Inside the CytoplasmThe cytoplasm is the region between the cell

membrane and the nucleus – It is a gelatin like liquid.

The cytoplasm is the home to all of the otherorganelles in the cell!

Inside the CytoplasmThe endoplasmic reticulum’s passageways

carry important materials away from the nucleus.

The ER is located around the nucleus of a cell.

Inside the CytoplasmRibosomes can be found in the cytoplasm or

in the walls of the ER- they function as factories to produce proteins.

Inside the CytoplasmThe Golgi Bodies receive newly formed

materials from the ER and distribute it to other parts of the cell.

Inside the CytoplasmLysosomes are small, round bubbles that

contain chemicals to break down materials in the cell.

Sometimes they break down food, other times they break down harmful materials that are inside the cell.

Cell WallA plant cell has a cell wall which helps

protect and support the cell.The cell wall is made of a strong material

called cellulose

Think about it – Plants don’t have bones, how do they stand?

Inside the CytoplasmChloroplasts are only found in plant cells –

they capture electromagnetic energy from sunlight and use it to produce food.

This process is called photosynthesis!

Inside the CytoplasmThe vacuole is the storage area of the cell

When the vacuole is full, the plant stands up straight, when it is empty, the plant is limp