Structure of Judicial System. Legal Res

8/3/2019 Structure of Judicial System. Legal Res

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/structure-of-judicial-system-legal-res 1/10

•Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction

•Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction

•CA, Sandiganbayan, CTA

•Supreme Court

The Philippine National Court System consists of 4 levels



Hierarchy of Courts in the

PhilippinesSUPREME

COURT OF THEPHILIPPINES

SANDIGANBAY AN

COURT OF APPEALS

(FORMERLY IAC)

REGIONALTRIALS

COURTS

(SHARI A’SDISTRICTCOURT)

MUNICIPALTRIAL COURTS

(SHARI A’SCIRCUITCOURT)

QUASI- JUDICIAL

BODIES(NLRC,PRC,ETC.)

COURT OF TAX APPEALS COA COMELEC



General jurisdiction versus Limited

jurisdiction

General jurisdiction refers to the power to adjudicateall controversies except those expressly withheld by law. They are those with competence to decide on

their own jurisdiction and to take cognizance of allcases, civil and criminal, of a particular nature.

Limited or Specific jurisdiction refers to the restricted

power to adjudicate a particular case and subject tosuch limits as may be provided by law.



Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction At the front lines of the judicial system are the first tier trial courts:

Metropolitan, Municipal, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, with jurisdiction limited to civil suits involving relatively smaller amounts of money and to minor violations of the criminal laws

(1) criminal actions involving violations of city or municipal ordinancescommitted within their respective territorial jurisdiction and offensespunishable with imprisonment not exceeding six (6) years irrespectiveof the amount of fine and regardless of other imposable accessory orother penalties, and

(2) civil actions including ejectment, recovery of personal property witha value of not more than P300,000 outside MM or does not exceedP400,000 in MM; (BP 129)

The court closest to the people



The different forms of Municipal Trial

Courts in the Philippines

MunicipalTrial Courts

Municipal Trial Court – one court in one

municipality

Municipal Circuit TrialCourt – one court in

two or moremunicipalities

Metropolitan Trial Court(METC)- Municipal

courts in Metro Manila

Municipal Trial Courtsin Cities – courts incities outside Metro

Manila



Courts of General Jurisdiction Second Level RTCs – courts of general jurisdiction; A court empowered to try all cases among the civil actions assigned to them by law are those in which

the subject of litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation, or involving title to or possession of real property where the assessed

value of the property exceeds P20,000 outside MM or exceeds P50,000in MM, except actions for ejectment (forcible entry and unlawfuldetainer),

or where the demand exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind,

attorney’s fees, litigation expenses, and cost, or the value of the personal property or controversy exceeds P300,000

outside MM or exceeds P400,000 in MM. RTCs also exercise appellate jurisdiction, to review cases appealed from

courts of the first level;



SHARI A’S COURT The code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines

promulgated by former President Marcos, recognizesthe legal system of the Muslims in the Philippines aspart of the law of the land and seeks to make Islamicinstitutions more effective.

Codifies Muslim personal laws

Provides for an effective administration andenforcement of Muslim personal laws among Muslims



Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan,

CTA Third Level (Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan) – CA is an appellate court, reviewing cases appealed

to it from the RTC, on questions of fact or mixed questions of fact and law. Appeals to it decided by the RTC in the exercise of original jurisdiction are a matter of right; appeals with respect to casesdecided by the RTC in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction are a matter of discretion. Occasionally, CA may act as a trial court, as in actions praying for the annulment of final and

executor judgments of RTCs on the ground of extrinsic fraud subsequently discovered, against

which no other remedies lies.

Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over all criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practicesact, and such other offenses committed by public officers and employees including those in GOCCs inrelation to their office. It also has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions, ororders of RTCs whether in the exercise of their own original or appellate jurisdiction over criminaland civil cases committed by public officers or employees including those in GOCCs in relation totheir office.

CTA or Court of Tax Appeals has : Exclusive original or appellate jurisdiction to review by appealdecisions of CIR, RTC’s decision in local taxes, decisions of Commissioner of Customs, CBAA, Sec of Finance in customs cases, Sec of Trade and Industry, tax collection cases, all cases violating the taxcode and Tariff and Customs Code



Supreme Court Fourth Level (Supreme Court). It is the court of last resort. It is at the top of the judicial hierarchy which determines with finality what the

law is and should be. It sits in Manila consisting of one Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices and

which decide cases in three divisions of five members except in certain cases where they sit en banc

Powers defined in Article VIII of the Constitution-- Judicial power includes theduty of courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which arelegally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there hasbeen a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction onthe part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.

It has the power to review on appeal or certiorari final judgment and order of lower courts in certain cases such as when errors or question of law are invokedand where the Constitution or validity of statute are involved. It has original jurisdiction over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto,and habeas corpus



Documents

Structure of Judicial System. Legal Res