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Structure of Plants
Leaves
• Blade
• Veins– midrib
• PetioleQuickTime™ and a
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Leaves
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• Is this leaf simple or compound?– simple
• What is this structure that connects the leaf to the stem?– petiole
• What is this central vein called?– midrib
• Is this leaf simple or compound?– Compound
• Is this pinnately or palmately compound?– Palmately
• Does this plant have simple or compound leaves?– Simple
• How are the leaves arranged?– Opposite arrangement
• Are these leaves simple or compound?– Compound
• How are the leaves arranged?– Alternate arrangement
Inside Leaves
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Inside Leaves
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• What is the primary function of the cuticle?– Prevent water
loss
Inside Leaves
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• What is the primary function of the xylem?– Transport of
water
Inside Leaves
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• What is the primary function of the phloem?– Transport of
sugars
Inside Leaves
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• What is the primary function of the guard cells?– Open and
close the stomata
stomata
Stems• Two functions:
– Support leaves and flowers– Transport water and nutrients within the plants
• Leaves attach at nodes
• Woody or herbaceous– Woody - trees,
shrubs, and vines
Roots
• Typically the portion of the plant that grows below the surface of the soil
• Absorb water and minerals from the soil
• Root hairs increase the surface area
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Roots
• Two types– Taproot - single central root with much
smaller side roots branching out from it; reaches deep to tap groundwater
– Fibrous root - clump of threadlike, shorter root divisions; collect water and minerals from a shallow but wide area
Roots• Taproot
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• Fibrous root
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Flowers• The reproductive organ of a
flowering plant• Function to produce gametes
and provide a structure for fertilization
• Pollen is a carrier of sperm• Pollination - the process of
transporting pollen from the male to female flower parts
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Seeds
• Reproductive structure consisting of a plant embryo and its stored food.
• Plants have various ways of dispersing, or spreading, their seeds.
• In flowering plants, the seed develops in a structure called a fruit.
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Kingdom Plantae
nonvascular vascular
seedless seed
gymnosperms angiosperms
monocots dicots