Structuring your paper

FV11A8900 Academic Writing in English

Generally speaking

Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion

Basic 5-paragraph essay

1) Intro2) Body - strongest argument3) Body - second strongest argument4) Body - third strongest arguement5) Conclusion – summing up

Longer works

• Introduction• Body – literature review– Case study– Research methods and results– Discussion

• Conclusion• References• Appendicies.

Research Papers - IMRaD

• Introduction• Methods• Results, and • Discussion

• Other parts: abstract, table of contents, references, appendicies

Research papersBasic structure (IMRaD)

Literature review

Data collection

Data analysis

Image source: http://sana.tkk.fi/awe accessed 7.9.10

More details

• The Academic Writing in English Websitehttp://sana.tkk.fi/awe/style/reporting/sections/index.html

• The IMRAD Research Paper Format http://www.uta.fi/FAST/FIN/RESEARCH/imrad.html

Do you always have to use IMRaD?

No, but we are looking for logical progression. Make sure

things are connected!