Student case study mumbai, india

Case Study: Mumbai

Katy Donald & Thomas MutellUESM 634A – Climate Change and CitiesSpring 2013

Early History

Credit to foundation of the city goes to Raja Bhimdeva

Reigned from 1022 AD to 1064 AD

http://www.mahim.com/et/epage1.htm

European Settlement In 1534, the Portuguese

obtained the islands and named it Bom Bahia, meaning “the good bay”

The city became an important trading place for products such as tobacco, onyx, rice, silk, and cotton

http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/trading/bombay/history.html

http://vasai.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/madh-fort1.jpg

British Control 1672, King Charles II of

England married Catherine of Bragnaza and received the city as part of a dowry

He rented the city to the East India Company for 10 pounds of gold a year

By 1675, the population grew from 60,000 from 10,000 in 1661

http://www.indoislamica.com/images/PR000088.lg.jpg


A Booming Commercial City Bombay became the

commercial capital of India

Provided goods in several markets such as jewelry, textiles, cotton, and agriculture


http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/smitham/smith300.jpg

Reclamation Process and 19th Century The original seven islands (Mahim, Worli, Parel,

Mazagaon, Isle of Bombay, Little Colaba, and Colaba) were filled in beginning in the early 1800s

1n 1853, the first Indian railway was created, and went from Bombay to Thana

By 1864, there were over 800,000 people living in the city


Reclamation Process

The original seven islands

Bombay 1893 Bombay 1924 Mumbai 2009

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay

Geography

https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=mumbai&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&bvm=bv.41524429,d.dmQ&biw=732&bih=590&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=il

Natural Environment

The city is mostly at sea level Highest elevation is 1,450 feet Three lakes within city limits: Tulsi Lake, Vihar Lake

and Powai Lake. Tulsi and Vihar provide drinking water

Several bays, rivers, creeks, and mangrove swamps Soil is sandy due to its proximity to the water City in proximity of three fault lines, and can receive

earthquakes up to a 6.5 magnitude http://www.mumbainet.com/template1.php?CID=15&SCID=3

The City

The largest city in India and the sixth largest city in the world

Population over 18 million people City is 233 sq miles

http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/357-mumbai-city.html

http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/36/90/fb/gate-way-of-india.jpg

http://www.bobzworldcity.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/City-of-Mumbai-India.jpg

Built Environment

Huge size – high growth rate (4% per year) Urban Sprawl Traffic congestion Inadequate sanitation Pollution

http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/36/90/fb/gate-way-of-india.jpg

Drainage Often blocked by debris Exacerbated flooding India’s financial district is prone to flooding, built

on landfill area

http://crs-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/ind1801.jpg

Squatter Communities

Half of Mumbai’s population

Inadequate access to potable water and sanitation

Already frequently flooded

Past resolution of problems: demolish and relocate

http://www.myseveralworlds.com/2009/04/05/slums-around-the-world/

Potable Water Capacity Depend on rain-fed lakes

Increasing rainfall variability causes worry

World Bank’s Bombay Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Projects 1975 to 1995

Brought water supply to 2,460 million liters per day; require about 8,000

http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2010/06/bombay-hand-drawn-water-tank-for.html

Pollution

Air pollution equal to smoking

Virtually untreated sewage

http://wowpics.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/10-new-delhi.jpg

NMTV India

Climate

http://www.mumbai.climatemps.com/

Danger!

“Climate change and reckless development are leaving Mumbai increasingly vulnerable to the elements. A news report on an ongoing climate study places India's financial capital sixth in a list of 20 port cities worldwide at risk from severe storm-surge flooding, damage from high storm winds and rising seas. By 2070, according to the study, an estimated 11.4 million people and assets worth $1.3 trillion would be at peril in Mumbai due to climatic extremes.”

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-12/global-warming/35067898_1_climate-change-mumbai-oecd-study

Monsoon Season

Normally starts in June and ends in September Approximately 98 inches of the annual 106 inches of

precipitation occurs during this time In July 2005, the city received 37 inches of rain in

one 24 hour period and killed more than 1,000 people

http://prattinfographicsworkshop.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/03-de-sherbinin-vulnerability-of-global-cities.pdf

Monsoon Season

http://www.mumbairain.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/story8.jpg

Monsoon Season

http://files.myopera.com/Amiraj/albums/3759942/mumbai_deluge_TPE_20060109.jpg

Vulnerability Precipitation extremes,

more than a flooding issue

Coastal, marine, low-lying issues

Flat topography Perilous building

conditions Cyclones Earthquakes Poor Economy

http://www.asiadailywire.com/2012/09/india-vulnerable-to-climate-change-report-says/

Government Structure 1882 -Municipal

Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) Education, Public

Health, Art & Culture, Heritage Conservation, Urban Amenities

Disaster Management Act 2005 To substantially increase public awareness of disaster risk so that the public demands safer communities in which to live and work; and

To significantly reduce the risks of loss of life, injuries, economic costs, and destruction of natural and cultural resources that result from disasters.

http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?228280

Climate Change Action Plan Prepared by the

Environmental Department

Approved August 20, 2009

Sustainability science and climate change are still new areas of study

http://www.ekalavvya.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/NationalActionClimateChange.jpg

Mitigation

de Sherbinin, Alex, Andres Schiller, and Alex Pulsipher. “The Vulnerability of Global Cities to Climate Hazards.” Environment and Urbanization 19:1 (2007). 39 – 64.


Mitigation



Mitigation



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Student case study mumbai, india